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Tamjid E, Najafi P, Khalili MA, Shokouhnejad N, Karimi M, Sepahdoost N. Review of sustainable, eco-friendly, and conductive polymer nanocomposites for electronic and thermal applications: current status and future prospects. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:29. [PMID: 38372876 PMCID: PMC10876511 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites (BPNCs) are advanced materials that have gained significant attention over the past 20 years due to their advantages over conventional polymers. BPNCs are eco-friendly, cost-effective, contamination-resistant, and tailorable for specific applications. Nevertheless, their usage is limited due to their unsatisfactory physical and mechanical properties. To improve these properties, nanofillers are incorporated into natural polymer matrices, to enhance mechanical durability, biodegradability, electrical conductivity, dielectric, and thermal properties. Despite the significant advances in the development of BPNCs over the last decades, our understanding of their dielectric, thermal, and electrical conductivity is still far from complete. This review paper aims to provide comprehensive insights into the fundamental principles behind these properties, the main synthesis, and characterization methods, and their functionality and performance. Moreover, the role of nanofillers in strength, permeability, thermal stability, biodegradability, heat transport, and electrical conductivity is discussed. Additionally, the paper explores the applications, challenges, and opportunities of BPNCs for electronic devices, thermal management, and food packaging. Finally, this paper highlights the benefits of BPNCs as biodegradable and biodecomposable functional materials to replace traditional plastics. Finally, the contemporary industrial advances based on an overview of the main stakeholders and recently commercialized products are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Tamjid
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Najafi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mohammad Amin Khalili
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Shokouhnejad
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Karimi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafise Sepahdoost
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
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Jin A, del Valle LJ, Puiggalí J. Copolymers and Blends Based on 3-Hydroxybutyrate and 3-Hydroxyvalerate Units. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17250. [PMID: 38139077 PMCID: PMC10743438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive update of the biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), emphasizing its production, properties, and applications. The overall biosynthesis pathway of PHBV is explored in detail, highlighting recent advances in production techniques. The inherent physicochemical properties of PHBV, along with its degradation behavior, are discussed in detail. This review also explores various blends and composites of PHBV, demonstrating their potential for a range of applications. Finally, the versatility of PHBV-based materials in multiple sectors is examined, emphasizing their increasing importance in the field of biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Jin
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.); (L.J.d.V.)
- Venvirotech Biotechnology S.L., Santa Perpètua de Mogoda, 08130 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.); (L.J.d.V.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.); (L.J.d.V.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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Ladhari S, Vu NN, Boisvert C, Saidi A, Nguyen-Tri P. Recent Development of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-Based Materials for Antibacterial Applications: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1398-1430. [PMID: 36912908 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The diseases caused by microorganisms are innumerable existing on this planet. Nevertheless, increasing antimicrobial resistance has become an urgent global challenge. Thus, in recent decades, bactericidal materials have been considered promising candidates to combat bacterial pathogens. Recently, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been used as green and biodegradable materials in various promising alternative applications, especially in healthcare for antiviral or antiviral purposes. However, it lacks a systematic review of the recent application of this emerging material for antibacterial applications. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this review is to provide a critical review of the state of the art recent development of PHA biopolymers in terms of cutting-edge production technologies as well as promising application fields. In addition, special attention was given to collecting scientific information on antibacterial agents that can potentially be incorporated into PHA materials for biological and durable antimicrobial protection. Furthermore, the current research gaps are declared, and future research perspectives are proposed to better understand the properties of these biopolymers as well as their possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Ladhari
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Nhu-Nang Vu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Cédrik Boisvert
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Alireza Saidi
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et Sécurité du Travail (IRSST), 505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, Québec H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Phuong Nguyen-Tri
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
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Marković MP, Cingesar IK, Keran L, Prlić D, Grčić I, Vrsaljko D. Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of the New Functional Composites Used for 3D Printing of Static Mixers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15196713. [PMID: 36234051 PMCID: PMC9571915 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the possibility of integrating the combination of nanofillers, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) into the thermoplastic polymer matrix. This combination of fillers can possibly modify the physico-chemical properties of composites compared to the pure polymer matrix. The composites were blended using the extrusion method. The composite filament produced was used to manufacture static mixers on a 3D printer using the additive manufacturing technology fused filament fabrication (FFF). The aim of this work was to inspect the influence of the filler addition on the thermal and mechanical properties of glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET-G) polymer composites. The fillers were added to the PET-G polymer matrix in several ratios. Tensile test results showed an increase in the overall strength and decrease in the elongation at break of the material. Melt flow rate (MFR) showed a decrease in the viscosity with the initial filler addition and reaching a plateau after 2 wt% filler was added. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed minor changes in the thermal properties. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed homogenous distribution of the filler in the matrix and strong filler-matrix adhesion. The results indicate suitable properties of new functional composites for the 3D printing of static mixers for application in tubular reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijan-Pere Marković
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Karlo Cingesar
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laura Keran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Prlić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Grčić
- Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Hallerova Aleja 7, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Vrsaljko
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Electrically Conductive Biocomposites Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Wood-Derived Carbon Fillers. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6080228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, biobased carbons were used as fillers in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). The mechanical and electrical properties of these 100% biocomposites were analyzed. First, biocarbons were prepared from wood dust and cellulose fibers using carbonization temperatures ranging 900–2300 °C. XRD revealed significant improvements of the graphitic structure with increasing temperatures for both precursors, with slightly higher ordering in wood-dust-based carbons. An increase of the carbon content with continuous removal of other elements was observed with increasing temperature. The carbonized cellulose fiber showed an accumulation of Na and O on the fiber surface at a carbonization temperature of 1500 °C. Significant degradation of PHBV was observed when mixed with this specific filler, which can, most probably, be attributed to this exceptional surface chemistry. With any other fillers, the preparation of injection-molded PHBV composites was possible without any difficulties. Small improvements in the mechanical performance were observed, with carbonized fibers being slightly superior to the wood dust analogues. Improvements at higher filler content were observed. These effects were even more pronounced in the electrical conductivity. In the range of 15–20 vol.% carbonized fibers, the percolation threshold could be reached, resulting in an electrical conductivity of 0.7 S/cm. For comparison, polypropylene composites were prepared using cellulose fibers carbonized at 2000 °C. Due to longer fibers retained in the composites, percolation could be reached in the range of 5–10 vol.%. The electrical conductivity was even higher compared to that of composites using commercial carbon fibers, showing a great potential for carbonized cellulose fibers in electrical applications.
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Glaskova-Kuzmina T, Starkova O, Gaidukovs S, Platnieks O, Gaidukova G. Durability of Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3375. [PMID: 34641189 PMCID: PMC8512741 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers (BP) are often regarded as the materials of the future, which address the rising environmental concerns. The advancement of biorefineries and sustainable technologies has yielded various BP with excellent properties comparable to commodity plastics. Water resistance, high dimensional stability, processability and excellent physicochemical properties limit the reviewed materials to biodegradable polyesters and modified compositions of starch and cellulose, both known for their abundance and relatively low price. The addition of different nanofillers and preparation of polymer nanocomposites can effectively improve BP with controlled functional properties and change the rate of degradation. The lack of data on the durability of biodegradable polymer nanocomposites (BPN) has been the motivation for the current review that summarizes recent literature data on environmental ageing of BPN and the role of nanofillers, their basic engineering properties and potential applications. Various durability tests discussed thermal ageing, photo-oxidative ageing, water absorption, hygrothermal ageing and creep testing. It was discussed that incorporating nanofillers into BP could attenuate the loss of mechanical properties and improve durability. Although, in the case of poor dispersion, the addition of the nanofillers can lead to even faster degradation, depending on the structural integrity and the state of interfacial adhesion. Selected models that describe the durability performance of BPN were considered in the review. These can be applied as a practical tool to design BPN with tailored property degradationand durability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olesja Starkova
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (S.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Oskars Platnieks
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (S.G.); (O.P.)
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Vishnu Chandar J, Mutharasu D, Mohamed K, Marsilla KIK, Shanmugan S, Azlan AA. High thermal conductivity, UV-stabilized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) hybrid composites for electronic applications: effect of different hybrid fillers on structural, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1888990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Vishnu Chandar
- SchooSl of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - D. Mutharasu
- PTDI-SSD, Western Digital Corporation, MCoE, Seberang Perai Selatan, Malaysia
| | - K. Mohamed
- SchooSl of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - K. I. K. Marsilla
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - S. Shanmugan
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
| | - A. A. Azlan
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
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9
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Accelerated Weathering Effects on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and PHBV/TiO 2 Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081743. [PMID: 32764247 PMCID: PMC7464598 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of accelerated weathering on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and PHBV-based nanocomposites with rutile titanium (IV) dioxide (PHBV/TiO2) was investigated. The accelerated weathering test applied consecutive steps of UV irradiation (at 340 nm and 0.76 W m−2 irradiance) and moisture at 50 °C following the ASTM D4329 standard for up to 2000 h of exposure time. The morphology, chemical structure, crystallization, as well as the mechanical and thermal properties were studied. Samples were characterized after 500, 1000, and 2000 h of exposure time. Different degradation mechanisms were proposed to occur during the weathering exposure and were confirmed based on the experimental data. The PHBV surface revealed cracks and increasing roughness with the increasing exposure time, whereas the PHBV/TiO2 nanocomposites showed surface changes only after 2000 h of accelerated weathering. The degradation of neat PHBV under moisture and UV exposure occurred preferentially in the amorphous phase. In contrast, the presence of TiO2 in the nanocomposites retarded this process, but the degradation would occur simultaneously in both the amorphous and crystalline segments of the polymer after long exposure times. The thermal stability, as well as the temperature and rate of crystallization, decreased in the absence of TiO2. TiO2 not only provided UV protection, but also restricted the physical mobility of the polymer chains, acting as a nucleating agent during the crystallization process. It also slowed down the decrease in mechanical properties. The mechanical properties were shown to gradually decrease for the PHBV/TiO2 nanocomposites, whereas a sharp drop was observed for the neat PHBV after an accelerated weathering exposure. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), using the amplitude modulation–frequency modulation (AM–FM) tool, also confirmed the mechanical changes in the surface area of the PHBV and PHBV/TiO2 samples after accelerated weathering exposure. The changes in the physical and chemical properties of PHBV/TiO2 confirm the barrier activity of TiO2 for weathering attack and its retardation of the degradation process.
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de Moura NK, Martins EF, Oliveira RLMS, de Brito Siqueira IAW, Machado JPB, Esposito E, Amaral SS, de Vasconcellos LMR, Passador FR, de Sousa Trichês E. Synergistic effect of adding bioglass and carbon nanotubes on poly (lactic acid) porous membranes for guided bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111327. [PMID: 32919681 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer membranes have been widely used in guided bone regeneration (GBR), especially when it comes to their use in dentistry. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) have good mechanical properties such as flexibility, which allows the material to be moldable and also has biocompatibility and biodegradation. Besides that, bioglass (BG) incorporated into the polymer matrix can promote osteoinduction properties and osteoconduction properties to the polymer-ceramic biocomposite. The membranes are also required to exhibit antimicrobial activity to prevent or control the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, and the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNT) can assist in this property. The porous membranes of PLA with the addition of different contents of BG and CNT were obtained by solvent casting in controlled humidity method, and the synergistic effect of the addition of both fillers were investigated. The membranes showed pores (3-11 μm) on their surface. The addition of 5 wt% BG causes an increase in the surface porosity and bioactivity properties of the PLA. The agar diffusion test showed antimicrobial activity in the membranes with addition of CNT. In vitro results showed that the porous membranes were not cytotoxic and allowed cell activity and differentiation. Thus, BG collaborated to increase biological activity while CNT contributed to microbial activity, creating a synergistic effect on PLA porous membranes, being this effect more evident for PLA/5BG/1.0CNT. These results indicated a promising use of this new biomaterial for the production of porous membranes for GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Koba de Moura
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 330 Talim St, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferreira Martins
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 330 Talim St, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Paulo Barros Machado
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), 1758 dos Astronautas Avenue, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Esposito
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 330 Talim St, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Suelen Simões Amaral
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, 777 Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana Marotta Reis de Vasconcellos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, 777 Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Roberto Passador
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 330 Talim St, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Vigil Fuentes MA, Thakur S, Wu F, Misra M, Gregori S, Mohanty AK. Study on the 3D printability of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/poly(lactic acid) blends with chain extender using fused filament fabrication. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11804. [PMID: 32678118 PMCID: PMC7367353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the 3D printability of a series of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends were investigated using fused filament fabrication (FFF). The studied blends suffered from poor 3D printability due to differences in compatibility and low thermal resistance. These shortcomings were addressed by incorporating a functionalized styrene-acrylate copolymer with oxirane moieties as a chain extender (CE). To enhance mechanical properties, the synergistic effect of 3D printing parameters such as printing temperature and speed, layer thickness and bed temperature were explored. Rheological analysis showed improvement in the 3D printability of PHBV:PLA:CE blend by allowing a higher printing temperature (220 °C) and sufficient printing speed (45 mm s−1). The surface morphology of fractured tensile specimens showed good bonding between layers when a bed temperature of 60 °C was used and a layer thickness of 0.25 mm was designed. The optimized printing samples shown higher storage modulus and strength, resulting in stiffer and stronger parts. The crystallinity, morphology and performance of the 3D printed products were correlated to share key methods to improve the 3D printability of PHBV:PLA based blends which may be implemented in other biopolymer blends, and further highlight how process parameters enhance the mechanical performance of 3D printed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Vigil Fuentes
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Departmet of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, Bioproducts Discovery and Development Center, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Suman Thakur
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Departmet of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, Bioproducts Discovery and Development Center, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Departmet of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, Bioproducts Discovery and Development Center, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada. .,Departmet of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, Bioproducts Discovery and Development Center, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Stefano Gregori
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Departmet of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, Bioproducts Discovery and Development Center, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada. .,Departmet of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, Bioproducts Discovery and Development Center, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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12
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Effects of Rutile-TiO 2 Nanoparticles on Accelerated Weathering Degradation of Poly(Lactic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051096. [PMID: 32403372 PMCID: PMC7285358 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of accelerated weathering on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and a PLA nanocomposite with rutile titanium (IV) dioxide (rutile–TiO2) was investigated. The accelerated weathering test applied consecutive steps of ultraviolet (UV) (at 340 nm and 0.76 W m−2 irradiance) and moisture at 50 °C for 2000 h, following the ASTM D4329 standard. The morphology, chemical structure, molecular weight, crystallization, as well as mechanical and thermal properties were thoroughly studied. Samples were characterized after 500 h, 1000 h and 2000 h exposure. Different degradation mechanisms were proposed to happen during the weathering exposure and confirmed based on the experimental data. The PLA and PLA/TiO2 surfaces presented holes and increasing roughness over the exposure time. The molecular weight of the weathered samples decreased due to chain scission during the degradation processes. Thermal stability decreased in the presence of TiO2 and a double melting peak was observed for the PLA/TiO2 nanocomposite. A general improvement in the mechanical properties of the PLA/TiO2 nanocomposite was observed over time during the accelerated weathering analysis up to 1000 h of exposure time. After 2000 h of weathering exposure, the PLA and PLA/TiO2 became extremely brittle and lost their ductile properties. This was ascribed to a significant increase in the degree of crystallinity upon weathering, which was accelerated in the presence of TiO2. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) using amplitude modulation–frequency modulation (AM–FM) tool confirmed the mechanical changes in the surface area of the PLA samples after accelerated weathering exposure. The stiffness and Young’s modulus achieved higher values than the unweathered ones up to 1000 h of exposure time. The changes in the physical and chemical properties of PLA/TiO2 over the ageing time confirm the photocatalytic activity of rutile–TiO2.
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Tang Z, Fan F, Fan C, Jiang K, Qin Y. The Performance Changes and Migration Behavior of PLA/Nano-TiO 2 Composite Film by High-Pressure Treatment in Ethanol Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020471. [PMID: 32085498 PMCID: PMC7077698 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the relationship between performance changes and nanoparticles migration of the composite film at different migration stages, the poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/nano-TiO2 composite film treated by high pressure was immersed in 50% (v/v) ethanol solution for 45 days at 40 °C, and the film characteristics and migration behavior were analyzed. The results showed that the migration of the composite film with the highest loading of nano-TiO2 (20 wt. %) in alcoholic food simulated solution was far less than 10 mg/kg during the 45-day migration process. Although with the increase of migration time, the micro-morphology of composite film became rougher, the crystallinity decreased and the gas permeability increased, but the internal crystal structure of the composite film remained basically unchanged. The PLA/nano-TiO2 composite films treated by high pressure treatment were relatively stable, and had good performance and migration behavior in alcoholic food simulated solution, the nanocomposite film after high pressure treatment could be used to reduce nano-TiO2 particle migration and subsequently reduce human exposure as the packaging film for the packaging of alcoholic food, which provide a theoretical basis for the applications of high pressure treatment of PLA/nano-TiO2 composite films in food packaging material and broaden its application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Tang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China;
| | - Fangling Fan
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China;
| | - Chunli Fan
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China; (C.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Kai Jiang
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China; (C.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Yuyue Qin
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China; (C.F.); (K.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-8819-5681
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Motloung MP, Ojijo V, Bandyopadhyay J, Ray SS. Morphological characteristics and thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of cellulose nanocrystals‐containing biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) blend composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Phillip Motloung
- DST‐CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Johannesburg Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Vincent Ojijo
- DST‐CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa
| | - Jayita Bandyopadhyay
- DST‐CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST‐CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Johannesburg Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
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15
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Li F, Yu HY, Wang YY, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Yao JM, Abdalkarim SYH, Tam KC. Natural Biodegradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Nanocomposites with Multifunctional Cellulose Nanocrystals/Graphene Oxide Hybrids for High-Performance Food Packaging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10954-10967. [PMID: 31365242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-performance and useful graphene oxide (GO) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are easily extracted from natural graphite and cellulose raw materials, and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is produced by bacterial fermentation from natural plant corn stalks, etc. In this study, novel ternary nanocomposites consisting of PHBV/cellulose nanocrystal-graphene oxide nanohybrids were prepared via a simple solution casting method. The synergistic effect of CNC with GO nanohybrids obtained by chemical grafting (CNC-GO, covalent bonds) and physical blending (CNC/GO, noncovalent bonds) on the physicochemical properties of PHBV nanocomposites was evaluated and the results compared with a single component nanofiller (CNC or GO) in binary nanocomposites. More interestingly, ternary nanocomposites displayed the highest thermal stability and mechanical properties. Compared to neat PHBV, the tensile strength and elongation to break increased by 170.2 and 52.1%, respectively, and maximum degradation temperature (Tmax) increment by 26.3 °C, were observed for the ternary nanocomposite with 1 wt % covalent bonded CNC-GO. Compared to neat PHBV, binary, and 1:0.5 wt % noncovalent CNC/GO based nanocomposites, the ternary nanocomposites with 1 wt % covalent bonded CNC-GO exhibited excellent barrier properties, good antibacterial activity (antibacterial ratio of 100.0%), reduced barrier properties, and lower migration level for both food simulants. Such a synergistic effect yielded high-performance ternary nanocomposites with great potential for bioactive food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textile , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park Avenue 2 No. 928 , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Hou-Yong Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textile , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park Avenue 2 No. 928 , Hangzhou 310018 , China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textile , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park Avenue 2 No. 928 , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Ying Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textile , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park Avenue 2 No. 928 , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Heng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textile , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park Avenue 2 No. 928 , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Ju-Ming Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textile , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park Avenue 2 No. 928 , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Somia Yassin Hussain Abdalkarim
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textile , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park Avenue 2 No. 928 , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
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16
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Ahmadzadeh Y, Babaei A, Goudarzi A. Assessment of localization and degradation of ZnO nano-particles in the PLA/PCL biocompatible blend through a comprehensive rheological characterization. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Fernandes TMD, de Almeida JFM, Escócio VA, da Silva ALN, de Sousa AMF, Visconte LLY, Furtado CRG, Pacheco EBAV, Leite MCAM. Evaluation of rheological behavior, anaerobic and thermal degradation, and lifetime prediction of polylactide/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/powdered nitrile rubber blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Sheng X, Zhang L, Wu H. Generation of Polymer Nanocomposites through Shear-Driven Aggregation of Binary Colloids. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E619. [PMID: 30965924 PMCID: PMC6418984 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Design of polymer nanocomposites has been an intense research topic in recent decades because hybrid nanomaterials are widely used in many fields. Throughout their development, there has often been a challenging issue how one can uniformly distribute nanoparticles (NPs) in a polymer matrix, avoiding their agglomeration. In this short review, we first introduce the theory of colloidal aggregation/gelation purely based on intense shear forces. Then, we illustrate a methodology for preparing polymer nanocomposites where the NPs (as fillers) are uniformly and randomly distributed inside a matrix of polymer NPs, based on intense shear-driven aggregation of binary colloids, without using any additives. Its feasibility has been demonstrated using two stable binary colloids composed of (1) poly-methyl methacrylate fillers and polystyrene NPs, and (2) graphene oxide sheets (fillers) and poly-vinylidene fluoride NPs. The mechanism leading to capturing and distribution of the fillers inside the polymer NP matrix has been illustrated, and the advantages of the proposed methodology compared with the other common methods are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Sheng
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hua Wu
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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Xiao Z, Guo P, Sun N. Preparation, thermostability, and hydrophobic properties of TiO2/poly(dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate) nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggang Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210094 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210094 People's Republic of China
| | - Na Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210094 People's Republic of China
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20
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Effects of ethyl cellulose on the crystallization and mechanical properties of poly(β-hydroxybutyrate). Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:120-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Zhang K, Zhang D, Su L, Jiang L, Jiang J, Wu G. Thermoplastic rubber/PP elastomers toward extremely low thermal expansion. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Dongge Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Lili Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jiandi Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Guozhang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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22
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Lang X, Zhao Y, Pan H, Yang H, Zhang H, Zhang G, Dong L, Hao Y. Influence of Biodegradable Poly(butylene carbonate) on Plasticized Polylactide Blown Films. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhong Lang
- Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Pan
- Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Guibao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Lisong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Hao
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
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23
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Dyshlyuk L, Babich O, Belovа D, Prosekov A. Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties of Biodegradable Edible Films of Various Compositions. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov Dyshlyuk
- Department of Bionanotechnology; Kemerovo Technological Institute of Food Industry; 47 Stroiteley Boulevard 650056 Kemerovo Russian Federation
| | - Olga Babich
- Department of Bionanotechnology; Kemerovo Technological Institute of Food Industry; 47 Stroiteley Boulevard 650056 Kemerovo Russian Federation
| | - Daria Belovа
- Department of Bionanotechnology; Kemerovo Technological Institute of Food Industry; 47 Stroiteley Boulevard 650056 Kemerovo Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Department of Bionanotechnology; Kemerovo Technological Institute of Food Industry; 47 Stroiteley Boulevard 650056 Kemerovo Russian Federation
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24
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Fonseca C, Ochoa A, Ulloa MT, Alvarez E, Canales D, Zapata PA. Poly(lactic acid)/TiO2 nanocomposites as alternative biocidal and antifungal materials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 57:314-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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