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Liu W, Pang Y, Wu M, Qin K, Zheng W. Dependence of the foaming window of a polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend on structural evolution driven by phase separation. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Azeyanagi C, Ohki Y. Terahertz spectroscopic estimation of crystallinity of poly(phenylene sulfide). J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Azeyanagi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience; Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Ohki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience; Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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Li Z, Jia Y, Bai S. Polysulfone foam with high expansion ratio prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide assisted molding foaming method. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2880-2886. [PMID: 35541205 PMCID: PMC9077336 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11760d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysulfone foam with high expansion ratio and high performance was prepared by new foaming method using CO2 and press vulcanizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yingbin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Shibing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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Lee JK, Yao SX, Li G, Jun MBG, Lee PC. Measurement Methods for Solubility and Diffusivity of Gases and Supercritical Fluids in Polymers and Its Applications. POLYM REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2017.1329209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason K. Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Selina X. Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Martin B. G. Jun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick C. Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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5
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Li J, Zhang G, Fan X, Fan X, Zhou L, Li J, Shi X, Zhang H. Preparation and mechanical properties of thermosetting epoxy foams based on epoxy/ 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol system with different curing agent contents. J CELL PLAST 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x17695095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy/2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol system with different curing agent content was completely cured for foaming, and the effect of a systematic variation in 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol content on the crosslinking density of cured epoxy resins was investigated. It was found that the crosslinking density of completed cured epoxy reduced as the 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol content increased in certain range of contents (10–50 mol%). Then the precursors were foamed by a batch foaming process with supercritical carbon dioxide. The cellular morphologies of foamed epoxy resins were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the reduced crosslinking density would improve the foamability of cured epoxy resin. The microcellular epoxy foams could be obtained by maintaining a moderate crosslinking density, which can be controlled by varying 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol content. For the completely cured epoxy with different curing agent content, when the crosslinking density of epoxy resin was 232.40 mol m–3 (the 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol content was 35 mol%) or lower, microcellular structure was obtained by adjusting the foaming conditions. The effects of foaming on the mechanical properties were also discussed. The results indicated that microcellular epoxy foams had higher impact strength but lower tensile strength and tensile modulus, validating that the introduction of microcellular structure in epoxy matrix was conducive to the improvement of the ductility of epoxy foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xun Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lisheng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
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Lyu J, Liu T, Xi Z, Zhao L. Cell characteristics of epoxy resin foamed by step temperature-rising process using supercritical carbon dioxide as blowing agent. J CELL PLAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x16681455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A temperature-rising batch foaming process with supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) as blowing agent was used to prepare epoxy resin foams consisting of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and m-xylylenediamine. The dissolution and diffusion behaviors of CO2 in pre-cured epoxy resin were investigated, as well as the parameter effect of CO2 saturation step and foaming step on the cell characteristics. It was proved that closed-cells could be generated for CO2 unsaturated samples and the cell characteristics with the same dissolved CO2 concentration were similar. The merged and cracked bubble morphologies were usually obtained for CO2-saturated epoxy resin samples. With increasing CO2 concentration from 0.021 g CO2/g epoxy resin to 0.061 g CO2/g epoxy resin in the unsaturated samples, the cell size increased from 170.2 µm to 262.6 µm and the cell density decreased from 6.8 × 105/cm3 to 3.1 × 105/cm3. Bubble nucleation and growth occurred simultaneously with curing reaction in temperature-rising step. As the final foaming temperature increased from 60℃ to 120℃, the cell size of samples with dissolved CO2 concentration of 0.021 g CO2/g epoxy resin increased from 172.7 µm to 369.0 µm, while the cell density first increased from 6.8 to 7.3 and then decreased to 3.5. The cell size of samples with CO2 concentration of 0.031 g CO2/g epoxy resin increased from 145.3 µm to 180.5 µm with foaming time from 5 min to 20 min, but changed slightly when curing reaction almost finished and CO2 was depleted after 20 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxun Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhao Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Bakir M, Meyer JL, Economy J, Jasiuk I. Heat-Induced Polycondensation Reaction with Self-Generated Blowing Agent Forming Aromatic Thermosetting Copolyester Foams. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob L. Meyer
- ATSP Innovations, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - James Economy
- ATSP Innovations, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
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