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Briou B, Gimello O, Totee C, Ono T, Ameduri B. May Trifluoromethylation and Polymerization of Styrene Occur from a Perfluorinated Persistent Radical (PPFR)? Chemistry 2020; 26:16001-16010. [PMID: 32853467 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The radical polymerization of styrene (St) initiated by a trifluoromethyl radical generated from a perfluorinated highly branched persistent radical (PPFR) is presented with an isolated yield above 70 %. The release of . CF3 radical occurred from a temperature above 85 °C. Deeper 1 H and 19 F NMR spectroscopies of the resulting fluorinated polystyrenes (CF3 -PSts) evidenced the presence of both CF3 end-group of the PSt chain and the trifluoromethylation of the phenyl ring (in meta-position mainly). [PPFR]0 /[St]0 initial molar ratios of 3:1, 3:10 and 3:100 led to various molar masses ranging from 1750 to 5400 g mol-1 in 70-86 % yields. MALDI-TOF spectrometry of such CF3 -PSts highlighted polymeric distributions which evidenced differences between m/z fragments of 104 and 172 corresponding to styrene and trifluoromethyl styrene units, respectively. Such CF3 -PSt polymers were also compared to conventional PSts produced from the radical polymerization of St initiated by a peroxydicarbonate initiator. A mechanism of the polymerization is presented showing the formation of a trifluoromethyl styrene first, followed by its radical (co)polymerization with styrene. The thermal properties (thermal stability and glass transition temperature, Tg ) of these polymers were also compared and revealed a much better thermal stability of the CF3 -PSt (10 % weight loss at 356-376 °C) and a Tg of around 70 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Briou
- ICGM, ENSCM, CNRS, Université Montpellier, 34296, Montpellier, France
| | - Olinda Gimello
- ICGM, ENSCM, CNRS, Université Montpellier, 34296, Montpellier, France
| | - Cedric Totee
- PAC CNRS-UM-ENSCM, ICGM Montpellier, 34296, Montpellier, France
| | - Taizo Ono
- Fluorine Division, Research & Development Center, Mitsubishi Materials Electronic Chemicals Co, Ltd, 3-1-6, Barajima, Akita, 010-8585, Japan
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- ICGM, ENSCM, CNRS, Université Montpellier, 34296, Montpellier, France
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Wolska J, Walkowiak-Kulikowska J, Szwajca A, Koroniak H, Améduri B. Aromatic fluorocopolymers based on α-(difluoromethyl)styrene and styrene: synthesis, characterization, and thermal and surface properties. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41836-41849. [PMID: 35558785 PMCID: PMC9091978 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09340g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A study on the α-(difluoromethyl)styrene (DFMST) reactivity under conventional radical copolymerization conditions is presented. Although the homopolymerization of DFMST failed, its radical bulk copolymerization with styrene (ST) led to the synthesis of fluorinated aromatic polymers (FAPs). The resulting novel poly(DFMST-co-ST) copolymers were characterized by 1H, 19F and 13C NMR spectroscopies that evidenced the successful incorporation of DFMST units into copolymers and enabled the assessment of their respective molar percentages (10.4-48.2 mol%). The molar masses were in the range of 1900-17 200 g mol-1. The bulkier CF2H group in the α-position induced the lower reactivity of the DFMST comonomer. ST and DFMST monomer reactivity ratios (r DFMST = 0.0 and r ST = 0.70 ± 0.05 at 70 °C) were determined based on linear least-square methods. These values indicate that DFMST monomer is less reactive than ST, retards the polymerization rate, and thus reduces the molar masses. Moreover, the thermal properties (T g, T d) of the resulting copolymers indicate that the presence of DFMST units incorporated into poly(ST) structure promotes an increase of the T g values up to 109 °C and a slightly better thermal stability than that of poly(ST). Additionally, the thermal decomposition of poly(DFMST-co-ST) copolymer (10.4/89.6) was assessed by simultaneous thermal analysis coupled with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry showing that H2O, CO2, CO and styrene were released. The surface analysis was focused on the effects of the -CF2H group at the α-position of styrene comonomers on surface free energy of the copolymer films. Water and diiodomethane contact angle (CA) measurements confirmed that these copolymers (M n = 2300-17 200 g mol-1) are not exactly the same as polystyrenes (M n = 2100-21 600 g mol-1) in the solid state. The CA hysteresis for poly(ST) (6-8°) and poly(DFMST-co-ST) copolymers (3-5°) reflected these differences even more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wolska
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | | | - Anna Szwajca
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Henryk Koroniak
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, UMR CNRS 5253, ENSCM, University of Montpellier Palace Eugene Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
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Gao H, Ding L, Li W, Ma G, Bai H, Li L. Hyper-Cross-Linked Organic Microporous Polymers Based on Alternating Copolymerization of Bismaleimide. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:377-381. [PMID: 35614707 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel type of hyper-cross-linked organic microporous polymer (HOMP) has been successfully prepared based on the radical copolymerization of bismaleimides and divinylbenzene. In comparison with the HOMPs prepared with cross-linking techniques, the new radical strategy circumvents some intractable problems, such as low atom economy, structure irregularity and corrosive byproducts. The obtained HOMPs have defined molecular structures due to the intrinsic alternating copolymerization properties of the two monomers. A maximum BET surface area of 841 m2 g-1 and high gas capture capacity (CO2, 11.22 wt %, 273 K/1.0 bar; H2, 0.82 wt %, 77.3 K/1.0 bar; benzene, 545 mg g-1, room temperature/0.6 bar; and cyclohexane, 1736 mg g-1, room temperature/0.6 bar) were achieved. In addition, the polymers also displayed good chemical and thermal stability, which is critical for the practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- College
of Materials and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and
Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Ding
- College
of Materials and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and
Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Li
- College
of Materials and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and
Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guifeng Ma
- College
of Materials and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and
Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Bai
- College
of Materials and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and
Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- College
of Materials and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and
Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
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