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Husain A, Al-Zahrani SA, Al Otaibi A, Khan I, Mujahid Ali Khan M, Alosaimi AM, Khan A, Hussein MA, Asiri AM, Jawaid M. Fabrication of Reproducible and Selective Ammonia Vapor Sensor-Pellet of Polypyrrole/Cerium Oxide Nanocomposite for Prompt Detection at Room Temperature. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111829. [PMID: 34073027 PMCID: PMC8198213 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) and polypyrrole/cerium oxide nanocomposite (PPy/CeO2) were prepared by the chemical oxidative method in an aqueous medium using anhydrous ferric chloride (FeCl3) as an oxidant. The successful formulation of materials was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM). A four-in-line probe device was used for studying DC electrical conductivity and ammonia vapor sensing properties of PPy and PPy/CeO2. The significant improvement in both the conductivity and sensing parameters of PPy/CeO2 compared to pristine PPy reveals some synergistic/electronic interaction between PPy and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) working at molecular levels. The initial conductivity (i.e., conductivity at room temperature) was found to be 0.152 Scm-1 and 1.295 Scm-1 for PPy and PPy/CeO2, respectively. Also, PPy/CeO2 showed much better conductivity retention than pristine PPy under both the isothermal and cyclic ageing conditions. Ammonia vapor sensing was carried out at different concentration (0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 vol %). The sensing response of PPy/CeO2 varied with varying concentrations. At 0.5 vol % ammonia concentration, the % sensing response of PPy and PPy/CeO2 sensor was found to be 39.1% and 93.4%, respectively. The sensing efficiency of the PPy/CeO2 sensor was also evaluated at 0.4. 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.03, and 0.01 vol % ammonia concentration in terms of % sensing response, response/recovery time, reversibility, selectivity as well as stability at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Husain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Salma Ahmed Al-Zahrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.-Z.); (A.A.O.)
| | - Ahmed Al Otaibi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.-Z.); (A.A.O.)
| | - Imran Khan
- Applied Science and Humanities Section, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University Polytechnic, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (I.K.); (M.M.A.K.)
| | - Mohammad Mujahid Ali Khan
- Applied Science and Humanities Section, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University Polytechnic, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (I.K.); (M.M.A.K.)
| | - Abeer Mohamed Alosaimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anish Khan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.H.); (A.M.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Mahmoud Ali Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.H.); (A.M.A.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.H.); (A.M.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
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Gilja V, Vrban I, Mandić V, Žic M, Hrnjak-Murgić Z. Preparation of a PANI/ZnO Composite for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Blue. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E940. [PMID: 30960865 PMCID: PMC6403582 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline/zinc oxide (PANI/ZnO) composite photocatalysts were prepared from neutral media by in situ chemical oxidation of aniline (ANI) in the presence of different amounts of diethylene glycol (DEG). The PANI/ZnO composite photocatalysts were synthesized to efficiently remove organic dye (acid blue, AB25) from model wastewater. The PANI/ZnO composite photocatalysts were studied with the intention of efficient removal of organic dye (acid blue, AB25) from wastewater to obtain low-cost heterogeneous catalysts that offer high catalytic activity and stability. The conductive PANI polymer, which absorbs Vis irradiation, was used in this work as ZnO absorbs only ultraviolet (UV) irradiation; thus, the composite photocatalysts' activity was broadened into the Vis region. Characterization of the composite photocatalysts was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, electric conductivity, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and by specific surface area (SBET) measurements. The composites' photocatalytic activity under solar irradiation was validated by monitoring degradation of the AB25 dye. This study presented that it was possible both to prepare PANI and to prevent ZnO dissolution if in situ polymerization starts from neutral media with the addition of DEG. Additionally, efficient removal of AB25 dye, about 90% in 60 min, was achieved. The first-order rate constants of the photodegradation of AB25 by PANI/ZnO 0.02/0.024/0.04 DEG (and pure ZnO)) were computed to be 0.0272/0.0281/0.0325 (and 0.0062) min-1, indicating that the morphology and surface of the photocatalysts have significantly influenced the catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Gilja
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivan Vrban
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vilko Mandić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mark Žic
- Division of Materials Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zlata Hrnjak-Murgić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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