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Silvano S, Moimare P, Gryshchuk L, Barak-Kulbak E, Recupido F, Lama GC, Boggioni L, Verdolotti L. Synthesis of bio-polyol-functionalized nanocrystalline celluloses as reactive/reinforcing components in bio-based polyurethane foams by homogeneous environment modification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:135282. [PMID: 39256128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC or CNC) is widely used as a filler in polymer composites due to its high specific strength, tensile modulus, aspect ratio, and sustainability. However, CNC hydrophilicity complicates its dispersion in hydrophobic polymeric matrices giving rise to aggregate structures and thus compromising its reinforcing action. CNC functionalization in a homogeneous environment, through silanization with trichloro(butyl)silane as a coupling agent and subsequent grafting with bio-based polyols, is herein investigated aiming to enhance CNC dispersibility improving the filler-matrix interaction between the hydrophobic PU and hydrophilic CNC. The modified CNCs (m_Ci) have been studied by XRD, SEM, and TGA analyses. The TGA results show that the amount of grafted polyol is strongly influenced by both its molar mass and OH number and the maximum amount of grafted polyol reaches up to 0.32 mmol per grams of functionalized CNC, within the explored conditions. The effect of different concentrations (1-3 wt%) of m_Ci on the physical, morphological, and mechanical properties of the resulting bio-based composite polyurethane foams is evaluated. Composite PU foams present compressive modulus up to 4.81 MPa and strength up to 255 kPa more than five times higher than those reinforced with unmodified CNC or with modified CNC in heterogeneous chemical environment. The improvement of mechanical properties of the examined PU foams, as a consequence of the incorporation of bio-polyols modified CNCs where polyol's OH groups interact with polyurethane precursors, could further broaden the use of these materials in building applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Silvano
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies - "G. Natta", Italian National Research Council, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Moimare
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies - "G. Natta", Italian National Research Council, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Liudmyla Gryshchuk
- Leibniz-Institut für Verbundwerkstoffe GmbH, Technische Universität, Erwin-Schrödinger, straße 58, 67663 Kaiserlauntern, Germany
| | | | - Federica Recupido
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Italian National Research Council, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cesare Lama
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Italian National Research Council, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Laura Boggioni
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies - "G. Natta", Italian National Research Council, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Letizia Verdolotti
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Italian National Research Council, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
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2
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Kim S, Hwang C, Jeong DI, Park J, Kim H, Lee K, Lee J, Lee S, Cho H. Nanorod/nanodisk-integrated liquid crystalline systems for starvation, chemodynamic, and photothermal therapy of cancer. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10470. [PMID: 37693066 PMCID: PMC10487320 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG), glucose oxidase (GOx), and copper(II) sulfate (Cu)-installed hybrid gel based on organic nanorod (cellulose nanocrystal [CNC]) and inorganic nanodisk (Laponite [LAP]) was developed to perform a combination of starvation therapy (ST), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT) for localized cancers. A hybrid CNC/LAP network with a nematic phase was designed to enable instant gelation, controlled viscoelasticity, syringe injectability, and longer in vivo retention. Moreover, ICG was introduced into the CNC/LAP gel system to induce hyperthermia of tumor tissue, amplifying the CDT effect; GOx was used for glucose deprivation (related to the Warburg effect); and Cu was introduced for hydroxyl radical generation (based on Fenton-like chemistry) and cellular glutathione (GSH) degradation in cancer cells. The ICG/GOx/Cu-installed CNC/LAP gel in combination with near-infrared (NIR) laser realized improved antiproliferation, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cellular GSH degradation, and apoptosis induction in colorectal cancer (CT-26) cells. In addition, local injection of the CNC/ICG/GOx/Cu/LAP gel into the implanted CT-26 tumor while irradiating it with NIR laser provided strong tumor growth suppression effects. In conclusion, the designed hybrid nanorod/nanodisk gel network can be efficiently applied to the local PTT/ST/CDT of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyun Kim
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwonRepublic of Korea
| | - ChaeRim Hwang
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Da In Jeong
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwonRepublic of Korea
| | - JiHye Park
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Han‐Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- College of PharmacyKorea UniversitySejongSouth Korea
| | - KangJu Lee
- School of Healthcare and Biomedical EngineeringChonnam National UniversityYeosuRepublic of Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Hwan Lee
- Institute of Forest ScienceKangwon National UniversityChuncheonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Forest Biomaterials EngineeringCollege of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Jong Cho
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwonRepublic of Korea
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3
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Sun J, Liang M, Yin L, Rivers G, Hu G, Pan Q, Zhao B. Interfacial Compatibility of Core-Shell Cellulose Nanocrystals for Improving Dynamic Covalent Adaptable Networks' Fracture Resistance in Nanohybrid Vitrimer Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39786-39796. [PMID: 37578445 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of polymeric nanocomposites with dynamic covalent adaptable networks and biobased nanomaterials has been a promising approach toward sustainable advanced materials, enabling reprogramming and recycling capabilities. Herein, a core-shell nanohybrid of functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is explored to provide crucial interfacial compatibility for improving the covalent adaptable networks of epoxy-thiol vitrimers in fracture resistance. The poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) shells grafted from CNC surfaces can be cross-linked with the covalent adaptable networks via a hot-pressing transesterification process. According to the additive concentration and annealing temperature, the stress relaxation behavior of nanohybrid vitrimer composites can be effectively regulated by the core-shell PCL-grafted CNC (CNC-PCL) nanohybrids from a dispersed to cross-linked interaction. The addition of 15 wt % of the core-shell CNC-PCLs exhibits the reinforced improvement of nanohybrid vitrimer composites in the average Young's modulus of 2.5×, fracture stress of 5.4×, and fracture strain of 2.0×. The research findings might have profound implications for developing synergistic interfacial compatibility between dynamic vitrimer networks and functional nanoparticles for advanced polymeric nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mingrui Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Rivers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qinmin Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Boxin Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
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4
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Kroff M, Hevia SA, O'Shea JN, Muro IGD, Palomares V, Rojo T, Del Río R. Lithium Iron Phosphate/Carbon (LFP/C) Composite Using Nanocellulose as a Reducing Agent and Carbon Source. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2628. [PMID: 37376273 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) is the most promising cathode material for use in safe electric vehicles (EVs), due to its long cycle stability, low cost, and low toxicity, but it suffers from low conductivity and ion diffusion. In this work, we present a simple method to obtain LFP/carbon (LFP/C) composites with different types of NC: cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF). Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis was used to obtain LFP with nanocellulose inside the vessel, and the final LFP/C composite was achieved by heating the mixture under a N2 atmosphere. The resulting LFP/C indicated that the NC in the reaction medium not only acts as the reducing agent that aqueous iron solutions need (avoiding the use of other chemicals), but also as a stabiliser of the nanoparticles produced in the hydrothermal synthesis, obtaining fewer agglomerated particles compared to synthesis without NC. The sample with the best coating-and, therefore, the best electrochemical response-was the sample with 12.6% carbon derived from CNF in the composite instead of CNC, due to its homogeneous coating. The utilisation of CNF in the reaction medium could be a promising method to obtain LFP/C in a simple, rapid, and low-cost way, avoiding the waste of unnecessary chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Kroff
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820244, Chile
| | - Samuel A Hevia
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6904411, Chile
- Centro Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados UC (CIEN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820244, Chile
| | - James N O'Shea
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Izaskun Gil de Muro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Verónica Palomares
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- BCMaterials, Parque Científico de la UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Teófilo Rojo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Del Río
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820244, Chile
- Centro Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados UC (CIEN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820244, Chile
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5
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Jang JW, Min KE, Kim C, Wern C, Yi S. PCL and DMSO 2 Composites for Bio-Scaffold Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2481. [PMID: 36984361 PMCID: PMC10055993 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been one of the most popular biomaterials in tissue engineering due to its relatively low melting temperature, excellent thermal stability, and cost-effectiveness. However, its low cell attraction, low elastic modulus, and long-term degradation time have limited its application in a wide range of scaffold studies. Dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) is a stable and non-hazardous organosulfur compound with low viscosity and high surface tension. PCL and DMSO2 composites may overcome the limitations of PCL as a biomaterial and tailor the properties of biocomposites. In this study, PCL and DMSO2 composites were investigated as a new bio-scaffold material to increase hydrophilicity and mechanical properties and tailor degradation properties in vitro. PCL and DMSO2 were physically mixed with 10, 20, and 30 wt% of DMSO2 to evaluate thermal, hydrophilicity, mechanical, and degradation properties of the composites. The water contact angle of the composites for hydrophilicity decreased by 15.5% compared to pure PCL. The experimental results showed that the mechanical and degradation properties of PCL and DMSO2 were better than those of pure PCL, and the properties can be tuned by regulating DMSO2 concentration in the PCL matrix. The elastic modulus of the composite with 30 wt% of DMSO2 showed 532 MPa, and its degradation time was 18 times faster than that of PCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Jang
- Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Kyung-Eun Min
- Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Cheolhee Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Welding and Joining R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 156, Getbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Chien Wern
- Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Sung Yi
- Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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6
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Fontana D, Recupido F, Lama GC, Liu J, Boggioni L, Silvano S, Lavorgna M, Verdolotti L. Effect of Different Methods to Synthesize Polyol-Grafted-Cellulose Nanocrystals as Inter-Active Filler in Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:923. [PMID: 36850207 PMCID: PMC9962898 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the scientific community has spent a lot of effort in developing "green" and environmentally friendly processes and products, due the contemporary problems connected to pollution and climate change. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are at the forefront of current research due to their multifunctional characteristics of biocompatibility, high mechanical properties, specific surface area, tunable surface chemistry and renewability. However, despite these many advantages, their inherent hydrophilicity poses a substantial challenge for the application of CNCs as a reinforcing filler in polymers, as it complicates their dispersion in hydrophobic polymeric matrices, such as polyurethane foams, often resulting in aggregate structures that compromise their properties. The manipulation and fine-tuning of the interfacial properties of CNCs is a crucial step to exploit their full potential in the development of new materials. In this respect, starting from an aqueous dispersion of CNCs, two different strategies were used to properly functionalize fillers: (i) freeze drying, solubilization in DMA/LiCl media and subsequent grafting with bio-based polyols; (ii) solvent exchange and subsequent grafting with bio-based polyols. The influence of the two functionalization methods on the chemical and thermal properties of CNCs was examined. In both cases, the role of the two bio-based polyols on filler functionalization was elucidated. Afterwards, the functionalized CNCs were used at 5 wt% to produce bio-based composite polyurethane foams and their effect on the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties was examined. It was found that CNCs modified through freeze drying, solubilization and bio-polyols grafting exhibited remarkably higher thermal stability (i.e., degradation stages > 100 °C) with respect to the unmodified freeze dried-CNCs. In addition, the use of the two grafting bio-polyols influenced the functionalization process, corresponding to different amount of grafted-silane-polyol and leading to different chemico-physical characteristics of the obtained CNCs. This was translated to higher thermal stability as well as improved functional and mechanical performances of the produced bio-based composite PUR foams with respect of the unmodified CNCs-composite ones (the best case attained compressive strength values three times more). Solvent exchange route slightly improved the thermal stability of the obtained CNCs; however; the so-obtained CNCs could not be properly dispersed within the polyurethane matrix, due to filler aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Fontana
- Chemistry Department, University of Pavia, Via Torquato Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Institute for Chemical Science and Technologies, CNR, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Recupido
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), P.zzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cesare Lama
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), P.zzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Jize Liu
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), P.zzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Laura Boggioni
- Institute for Chemical Science and Technologies, CNR, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Selena Silvano
- Institute for Chemical Science and Technologies, CNR, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marino Lavorgna
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), P.zzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Letizia Verdolotti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), P.zzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
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7
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Sachan R, Warkar SG, Purwar R. An overview on synthesis, properties and applications of polycaprolactone copolymers, blends & composites. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Sachan
- Discipline of Polymer Science and Chemical Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir G. Warkar
- Discipline of Polymer Science and Chemical Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Roli Purwar
- Discipline of Polymer Science and Chemical Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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8
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Non‑isothermal crystallization kinetics of polycaprolactone-based composite membranes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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9
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Nourany M, Rahimi‐Darestani Y, Nayebi M, Kiany P. The Impact of Soft Segment Crystallization and Cross‐Link Density on the Shape Memory Performance of the PCL‐PTMG/Graphene‐ Based Polyurethane Nanocomposites. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nourany
- Amirkabir University of Technology Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Tehran Iran
| | | | - Milad Nayebi
- Amirkabir University of Technology Chemical Engineering Department Tehran Iran
| | - Parvin Kiany
- Amirkabir University of Technology Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Tehran Iran
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10
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Rosa RP, Ferreira FV, dos Santos DM, Lona LM. Cellulose nanocrystals as initiator of ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone: Mathematical modeling and experimental verification. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Shen Q, Jiang Y, Guo S, Huang L, Xie H, Li L. One-step electrospinning membranes with gradual-transition wettability gradient for directional fluid transport. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Wohlhauser S, Rader C, Weder C. Facile Method to Determine the Molecular Weight of Polymer Grafts Grown from Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:699-707. [PMID: 35029986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges associated with the modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with polymers by surface-initiated polymerization is the characterization of the resulting products, notably the molecular weight of the grafts. The solid nature of the (modified) CNC nanoparticles limits the possibility to apply solution-based characterization techniques, and the cleavage of the macromolecules from the surface of the CNCs to enable their characterization using solution-based techniques is intricate. Here, we report that 1H NMR spectroscopy of the supernatant of the heterogeneous reaction mixture can be used to approximate the molecular weight of poly(hexyl methacrylate) grafts grown from the surface of CNCs via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. This was achieved using 1H NMR spectra to determine the monomer conversion from the change of the relative ratio of monomer and solvent signals in the 1H NMR spectra, which in turn allowed determining the weight of PHMA produced. The number-average molecular weight of the grafted polymer was then estimated by assuming that standard atom transfer radical polymerization kinetics are at play and using the initiator concentration on the CNC surface determined by elemental analysis. The method was validated by comparing the results with the gravimetric data and the data of free polymers that were synthesized with a sacrificial initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wohlhauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Chris Rader
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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13
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Li Y, Cheng H, Yu M, Han C, Shi H. Blends of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) and sustainable poly(propylene carbonate) with enhanced mechanical and rheological properties. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-021-04931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Synthesis of Biomaterial-Based Hydrogels Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/4865733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were prepared by formic acid hydrolysis and TEMPO- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl-) mediated oxidation. The prepared CNCs were reinforced into biopolymers chitosan (CHI), alginate (ALG), and gelatin (GEL) to obtain “CNC-ALG-GEL” and “CNC-CHI-GEL” hydrogels. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized for physicochemical, thermal, and structural characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravity analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Notably, the reinforcement of CNC has not altered the molecular structure of a biopolymer as revealed by FT-IR analysis. The hydrogels reinforced with CNC have shown better thermal stability and miscibility as revealed by thermal gravity analysis. The physicochemical, thermal, and structural characterization revealed the chemical interaction and electrostatic attraction between the CNC and biopolymers. The biocompatibility was investigated by evaluating the viability of the L929 fibroblast cell, which represents good biocompatibility and nontoxic nature. These hydrogels could be implemented in therapeutic biomedical research and regenerative medicinal applications.
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15
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Active natural-based films for food packaging applications: The combined effect of chitosan and nanocellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:241-251. [PMID: 33631258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the potential of chitosan/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) films to be used as active pads for meat packages to prolong its shelf-life and preserve its properties over time. Several CNC concentrations (5, 10, 25, and 50 wt%) were tested and the films were produced by solvent casting. The developed samples were characterized by ATR-FTIR, TGA, FESEM, and XRD. The transparency, antimicrobial, barrier and mechanical properties were also assessed. Finally, the films' ability to prolong food shelf-life was studied in real conditions using chicken meat. CNC incorporation improved the thermal stability and the oxygen barrier while the water vapor permeability was maintained. An enhancement of mechanical properties was also observed by the increase in tensile strength and Young's modulus in chitosan/CNC films. These films demonstrated bactericidal effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungicidal activity against Candida albicans. Lastly, chitosan-based films decreased the growth of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria in meat during the first days of storage compared to commercial membranes, while chitosan/CNC films reduced the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), indicating their efficiency in retarding meat's spoilage under refrigeration conditions. This work highlights the great potential of natural-based films to act as green alternatives for food preservation.
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16
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Smart Fibrous Structures Produced by Electrospinning Using the Combined Effect of PCL/Graphene Nanoplatelets. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, the development of adaptable monitoring systems to be integrated into soldiers’ body gear, making them as comfortable and lightweight as possible (avoiding the use of rigid electronics), has become essential. Electrospun microfibers are a great material for this application due to their excellent properties, especially their flexibility and lightness. Their functionalization with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) makes them a fantastic alternative for the development of innovative conductive materials. In this work, electrospun membranes based on polycaprolactone (PCL) were impregnated with different GNPs concentrations in order to create an electrically conductive surface with piezoresistive behavior. All the samples were properly characterized, demonstrating the homogeneous distribution and the GNPs’ adsorption onto the membrane’s surfaces. Additionally, the electrical performance of the developed systems was studied, including the electrical conductivity, piezoresistive behavior, and Gauge Factor (GF). A maximum electrical conductivity value of 0.079 S/m was obtained for the 2%GNPs-PCL sample. The developed piezoresistive sensor showed high sensitivity to external pressures and excellent durability to repetitive pressing. The best value of GF (3.20) was obtained for the membranes with 0.5% of GNPs. Hence, this work presents the development of a flexible piezoresistive sensor, based on electrospun PCL microfibers and GNPs, utilizing simple methods.
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An investigation into influence of acetylated cellulose nanofibers on properties of PCL/Gelatin electrospun nanofibrous scaffold for soft tissue engineering. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Alonso-Lerma B, Larraza I, Barandiaran L, Ugarte L, Saralegi A, Corcuera MA, Perez-Jimenez R, Eceiza A. Enzymatically produced cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcement for waterborne polyurethane and its applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117478. [PMID: 33357930 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne polyurethanes (WBPUs) have been proposed as ecofriendly elastomers with several applications in coatings and adhesives. WBPU's physicochemical properties can be enhanced by the addition of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The way CNCs are isolated has a strong effect on their properties and can determine their role as reinforcement. In this work, CNCs produced using ancestral endoglucanase (EnCNCs) were used as reinforcement for WBPU and compared with CNC produced by sulfuric acid hydrolysis (AcCNC). The enzymatic method produced highly thermostable and crystalline CNCs. The addition of small contents of EnCNCs improved the thermomechanical stability and mechanical properties of WBPUs, even better than commercial AcCNCs. Besides, WBPU reinforced by adding EnCNCs was studied as a coating for paper materials, increasing its abrasion resistance and as electrospun nanocomposite mats where EnCNCs helped maintaining the morphology of the fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Alonso-Lerma
- Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Izaskun Larraza
- Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Ugarte
- Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ainara Saralegi
- Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Corcuera
- Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raul Perez-Jimenez
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Evolgene Genomics S.L., San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Arantxa Eceiza
- Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain.
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Osaka N, Ochi T, Ono F, Okada K. Preparation and Mechanical, Thermal and Oil-resistance Properties of Acrylic Rubber Nanocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals. J MACROMOL SCI B 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2020.1845498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Osaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takumi Ochi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ono
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kurashiki University of Science and The Arts, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kurashiki University of Science and The Arts, Kurashiki, Japan
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Leonés A, Mujica-Garcia A, Arrieta MP, Salaris V, Lopez D, Kenny JM, Peponi L. Organic and Inorganic PCL-Based Electrospun Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061325. [PMID: 32532052 PMCID: PMC7361952 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, different nanocomposite electrospun fiber mats were obtained based on poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) and reinforced with both organic and inorganic nanoparticles. In particular, on one side, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were synthesized and functionalized by "grafting from" reaction, using their superficial OH- group to graft PCL chains. On the other side, commercial chitosan, graphene as organic, while silver, hydroxyapatite, and fumed silica nanoparticles were used as inorganic reinforcements. All the nanoparticles were added at 1 wt% with respect to the PCL polymeric matrix in order to compare the different behavior of the woven no-woven nanocomposite electrospun fibers with a fixed amount of both organic and inorganic nanoparticles. From the thermal point of view, no difference was found between the effect of the addition of organic or inorganic nanoparticles, with no significant variation in the Tg (glass transition temperature), Tm (melting temperature), and the degree of crystallinity, leading in all cases to high crystallinity electrospun mats. From the mechanical point of view, the highest values of Young modulus were obtained when graphene, CNC, and silver nanoparticles were added to the PCL electrospun fibers. Moreover, all the nanoparticles used, both organic and inorganic, increased the flexibility of the electrospun mats, increasing their elongation at break.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Leonés
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (A.M.-G.); (M.P.A.); (V.S.); (D.L.); (J.M.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy—The Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Mujica-Garcia
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (A.M.-G.); (M.P.A.); (V.S.); (D.L.); (J.M.K.)
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Patricia Arrieta
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (A.M.-G.); (M.P.A.); (V.S.); (D.L.); (J.M.K.)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Via G, Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Salaris
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (A.M.-G.); (M.P.A.); (V.S.); (D.L.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Daniel Lopez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (A.M.-G.); (M.P.A.); (V.S.); (D.L.); (J.M.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy—The Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Maria Kenny
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (A.M.-G.); (M.P.A.); (V.S.); (D.L.); (J.M.K.)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Via G, Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Peponi
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (A.M.-G.); (M.P.A.); (V.S.); (D.L.); (J.M.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy—The Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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22
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Wang J, Liu X, Jin T, He H, Liu L. Preparation of nanocellulose and its potential in reinforced composites: A review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:919-946. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1612726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Haifeng He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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23
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Moazzami Goudarzi Z, Behzad T, Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Kharaziha M, Enayati MS. Structural and mechanical properties of fibrous poly (caprolactone)/gelatin nanocomposite incorporated with cellulose nanofibers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Alanis A, Valdés JH, María Guadalupe NV, Lopez R, Mendoza R, Mathew AP, Díaz de León R, Valencia L. Plasma surface-modification of cellulose nanocrystals: a green alternative towards mechanical reinforcement of ABS. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17417-17424. [PMID: 35519888 PMCID: PMC9064589 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02451d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article proposes a strategy to functionalize cellulose nanocrystals by means of plasma-surface modification utilizing monomers of different nature: caprolactone, styrene and farnesene. The surface characteristics of the nanocrystals were studied by different techniques including XPS, FTIR and STEM, demonstrating that this technique allows a successful functionalization, yielding homogenous functionalization which does not alter the rod-like shape of the nanocrystals, and therefore their anisotropic behavior. We have furthermore studied the employment of the modified nanocrystals as reinforcement additive of ABS, which significantly enhanced the impact resistance of the thermoplastic, which could have great implications for industrial applications. This article deals with the plasma-surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals and their employment as reinforcement additive of ABS.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aji P. Mathew
- Division of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Stockholm University
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | | | - Luis Valencia
- Division of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Stockholm University
- Stockholm
- Sweden
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25
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Fadaie M, Mirzaei E, Geramizadeh B, Asvar Z. Incorporation of nanofibrillated chitosan into electrospun PCL nanofibers makes scaffolds with enhanced mechanical and biological properties. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:628-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Wohlhauser S, Delepierre G, Labet M, Morandi G, Thielemans W, Weder C, Zoppe JO. Grafting Polymers from Cellulose Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wohlhauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gwendoline Delepierre
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Labet
- Renewable Materials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Morandi
- Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, Normandie Université, INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l’Université, 76801 Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Renewable Materials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Justin O. Zoppe
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Maraghechi S, Hoefnagels JPM, Peerlings RHJ, Geers MGD. Correction of scan line shift artifacts in scanning electron microscopy: An extended digital image correlation framework. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 187:144-163. [PMID: 29499524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) is nowadays very popular for different applications in different fields. However, SEM images may exhibit a considerable amount of imaging artifacts, which induce significant errors if the images are used to measure geometrical or kinematical fields. This error is most pronounced in case of full field deformation measurements, for instance by digital image correlation (DIC). One family of SEM artifacts result from positioning errors of the scanning electron beam, creating artifactual shifts in the images perpendicular to the scan lines (scan line shifts). This leads to localized distortions in the displacement fields obtained from such images, by DIC. This type of artifacts is corrected here using global DIC (GDIC). A novel GDIC framework, considering the nonlinear influence of artifacts in the imaging system, is introduced for this purpose. Using an enriched regularization in the global DIC scheme, based on an error function, the scan line shift artifacts are captured and eliminated. The proposed methodology is demonstrated in virtually generated and deformed images as well as real SEM micrographs. The results confirm the proper detection and elimination of this type of SEM artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Maraghechi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan P M Hoefnagels
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Ron H J Peerlings
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc G D Geers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Kargarzadeh H, Mariano M, Huang J, Lin N, Ahmad I, Dufresne A, Thomas S. Recent developments on nanocellulose reinforced polymer nanocomposites: A review. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Santamaria-Echart A, Ugarte L, Gonzalez K, Martin L, Irusta L, Gonzalez A, Corcuera MA, Eceiza A. The role of cellulose nanocrystals incorporation route in waterborne polyurethane for preparation of electrospun nanocomposites mats. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 166:146-155. [PMID: 28385218 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning offers the possibility of obtaining fibers mats from polymer solutions. The use of environmentally-friendly waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) allows obtaining electrospun polyurethane mats in water medium. Furthermore, the incorporation of water dispersible nanoentities, like renewable cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), is facilitated. Therefore, in this work, a WBPU was synthesized and CNC were isolated for preparing WBPU-CNC dispersions nanocomposites with 1 and 3wt% of CNC following both the classical mixing by sonication, and the innovative in-situ route. The dispersions were used for obtaining electrospun mats assisted by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as polymer template. Moreover, the extraction of PEO with water resulted in continuous WBPU-CNC mats, showing different properties respect to WBPU-CNC mats containing PEO. The effective addition of CNC led to more defined cylindrical morphologies and the two alternative incorporation routes induced to different CNC dispositions in the matrix, which modified fibers diameters, and thus, mats final properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart
- Group 'Materials+Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, Pza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Lorena Ugarte
- Group 'Materials+Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, Pza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Kizkitza Gonzalez
- Group 'Materials+Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, Pza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Loli Martin
- Macrobehavior-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology Unit, General Research Services (SGIker), University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Irusta
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P° Manuel Lardizabal 3, 2018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Alba Gonzalez
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P° Manuel Lardizabal 3, 2018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Maria Angeles Corcuera
- Group 'Materials+Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, Pza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Arantxa Eceiza
- Group 'Materials+Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, Pza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
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Simão JA, Bellani CF, Branciforti MC. Thermal properties and crystallinity of PCL/PBSA/cellulose nanocrystals grafted with PCL chains. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Alexandre Simão
- Department of Materials Engineering, Engineering School of Sao Carlos; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Carlos SP Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Cristina Branciforti
- Department of Materials Engineering, Engineering School of Sao Carlos; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Carlos SP Brazil
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