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Amara U, Sarfraz B, Mahmood K, Mehran MT, Muhammad N, Hayat A, Nawaz MH. Fabrication of ionic liquid stabilized MXene interface for electrochemical dopamine detection. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:64. [PMID: 35038033 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Development of MXene (Ti3C2Cl2)-based sensing platforms by exploiting their inherent active electrochemistry is highly challenging due to their characteristic poor stability in air and water. Herein, we report a cost-effective methodology to deposit MXene on a conductive graphitic pencil electrode (GPE). MXenes can provide active surface area due to their clever morphology of accordion-like sheets; however, the disposition to stack together limits their potential applications. A task-specific ionic liquid (1-methyl imidazolium acetate) is utilized as a multiplex host material to engineer MXene interface via π-π interactions as well as to act as a selective binding site for biomolecules. The resulting IL-MXene/GPE interface proved to be a highly stable interface owing to good interactions between MXene and IL that inhibited electrode leaching and boosted electron transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface. It resulted in robust dopamine (DA) oxidation with amplified faradaic response and enhanced sensitivity (9.61 µA µM-1 cm-2) for DA detection. This fabricated sensor demonstrated large linear range (10 µM - 2000 µM), low detection limit (702 nM), high reproducibility, and good selectivity. We anticipate that such platform will pave the way for the development of stable and economically viable MXene-based sensors without sacrificing their inherent properties. Scheme 1 Schematic illustration of the IL-MXene/GPE fabrication and oxidative process towards non-enzymatic dopamine sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umay Amara
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Sarfraz
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, H-12, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Taqi Mehran
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, H-12, Pakistan
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mian Hasnain Nawaz
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
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Amara U, Mahmood K, Hassan M, Hanif M, Khalid M, Usman M, Shafiq Z, Latif U, Ahmed MM, Hayat A, Nawaz MH. Functionalized thiazolidone-decorated lanthanum-doped copper oxide: novel heterocyclic sea sponge morphology for the efficient detection of dopamine. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14439-14449. [PMID: 35702245 PMCID: PMC9096811 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01406h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we synthesized lanthanum (La)-doped sea sponge-shaped copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and wrapped them with novel O-, N- and S-rich (2Z,5Z)-3-acetyl-2-((3,4-dimethylphenyl)imino)-5-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)thiazolidin-4-one (La@CuO-DMT). The shape and composition of the designed materials were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The graphitic pencil electrode (GPE) fabricated using La@CuO-DMT showed excellent sensing efficacy against dopamine (DA) with good selectivity, reproducibility and ideal stability. The unique morphology and massive surface defects by La@CuO offer good accessibility to DA and enhance smooth and robust channeling of electrons at the electrode–electrolyte interface. Consequently, these properties resulted in improved reaction kinetics and robust DA oxidation with an amplified faradaic response. Meanwhile, O-, N-, and S-enriched carbon support, i.e. DMT, inhibited the leaching of electrode matrixes, resulting in a superior detection limit of 423 nm and an improved sensitivity of 13.9 μA μM−1 cm−2 in the linear range of 10 μM to 1500 μM. Additionally, the developed sensing interface was successfully employed to analyze DA from tear samples with excellent percentage recoveries. We expect that such engineered morphology-based nanoparticles with a O-, N-, and S-rich C support will facilitate the development of DA sensors for in vitro screening of rarely studied tear samples with good sensitivity and selectivity. Sea sponge-shaped La@CuO-decorated O-, N-, and S-rich DMT-wrapped GPE for DA detection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Umay Amara
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Maria Hassan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 608000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shangdong 266071, China
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Usman Latif
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mian Hasnain Nawaz
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
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Perylene diimide/MXene-modified graphitic pencil electrode-based electrochemical sensor for dopamine detection. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:230. [PMID: 34117945 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel architecture comprising perylene diimide (PDI)-MXene (Ti3C2TX)-integrated graphitic pencil electrode for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) is reported. The good electron passage between PDI-MXene resulted in an unprecedented nano-adduct bearing enhanced electrocatalytic activity with low-energy electronic transitions. The anionic groups of PDI corroborated enhanced active surface area for selective binding and robust oxidation of DA, thereby decreasing the applied potential. Meanwhile, the MXene layers acted as functional conducive support for PDI absorption via strong H-bonding. The considerable conductivity of MXene enhanced electron transportation thus increasing the sensitivity of sensing interface. The inclusively engineered nano-adduct resulted in robust DA oxidation with ultra-sensitivity (38.1 μAμM-1cm-2), and low detection limit (240 nM) at very low oxidation potential (-0.135 V). Moreover, it selectively signaled DA in the presence of physiological interferents with wide linearity (100-1000 μM). The developed transducing interface performed well in human serum samples with RSD (0.1 to 0.4%) and recovery (98.6 to 100.2%) corroborating the viability of the practical implementation of this integrated system. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of the oxidative process involved on constructed sensing interface for the development of a non-enzymatic dopamine sensor.
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Magna G, Monti D, Di Natale C, Paolesse R, Stefanelli M. The Assembly of Porphyrin Systems in Well-Defined Nanostructures: An Update. Molecules 2019; 24:E4307. [PMID: 31779097 PMCID: PMC6930562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in assembling porphyrin derivatives is widespread and is accounted by the impressive impact of these suprastructures of controlled size and shapes in many applications from nanomedicine and sensors to photocatalysis and optoelectronics. The massive use of porphyrin dyes as molecular building blocks of functional materials at different length scales relies on the interdependent pair properties, consisting of their chemical stability/synthetic versatility and their quite unique physicochemical properties. Remarkably, the driven spatial arrangement of these platforms in well-defined suprastructures can synergically amplify the already excellent properties of the individual monomers, improving conjugation and enlarging the intensity of the absorption range of visible light, or forming an internal electric field exploitable in light-harvesting and charge-and energy-transport processes. The countless potentialities offered by these systems means that self-assembly concepts and tools are constantly explored, as confirmed by the significant number of published articles related to porphyrin assemblies in the 2015-2019 period, which is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Magna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1; 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (D.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Donato Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1; 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (D.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico, 1; 00134 Roma, Italy;
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1; 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (D.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1; 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (D.M.); (R.P.)
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