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Koshy J, Sangeetha D. Recent progress and treatment strategy of pectin polysaccharide based tissue engineering scaffolds in cancer therapy, wound healing and cartilage regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128594. [PMID: 38056744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural polymers and its mixtures in the form of films, sponges and hydrogels are playing a major role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Hydrogels have been extensively investigated as standalone materials for drug delivery purposes as they enable effective encapsulation and sustained release of drugs. Biopolymers are widely utilised in the fabrication of hydrogels due to their safety, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and regulated breakdown by human enzymes. Among all the biopolymers, polysaccharide-based polymer is well suited to overcome the limitations of traditional wound dressing materials. Pectin is a polysaccharide which can be extracted from different plant sources and is used in various pharmaceutical and biomedical applications including cartilage regeneration. Pectin itself cannot be employed as scaffolds for tissue engineering since it decomposes quickly. This article discusses recent research and developments on pectin polysaccharide, including its types, origins, applications, and potential demands for use in AI-mediated scaffolds. It also covers the materials-design process, strategy for implementation to material selection and fabrication methods for evaluation. Finally, we discuss unmet requirements and current obstacles in the development of optimal materials for wound healing and bone-tissue regeneration, as well as emerging strategies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijo Koshy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Sangeetha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Stanciu MC, Nichifor M, Ailiesei GL, Popescu I, Hitruc GE, Ghimici L, Tuchilus CG. New Quaternary Ammonium Derivatives Based on Citrus Pectin. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4492. [PMID: 38231903 PMCID: PMC10707904 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
New citrus pectin derivatives carrying pendant N,N-dimethyl-N-alkyl-N-(2-hydroxy propyl) ammonium chloride groups were achieved via polysaccharide derivatization with a mixture of N,N-dimethyl-N-alkyl amine (alkyl = ethyl, butyl, benzyl, octyl, dodecyl) and epichlorohydrin in aqueous solution. The structural characteristics of the polymers were examined via elemental analysis, conductometric titration, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Capillary viscosity measurements allowed for the study of viscometric behavior as well as the determination of viscosity-average molar mass for pristine polysaccharide and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) values for pectin and its derivatives. Dynamic light scattering measurements (DLS) showed that pectin-based polymers formed aggregates in aqueous solution with a unimodal distribution. Critical aggregation concentration (cac) for the hydrophobic pectin derivatives were determined using fluorescence spectroscopy. Atom force microscopy (AFM) images allowed for the investigation of the morphology of polymeric populations obtained in aqueous solution, consisting of flocs and aggregates for crude pectin and its hydrophilic derivatives and well-organized aggregates for lipophilic pectin derivatives. Antimicrobial activity, examined using the disc diffusion method, proved that all polymers were active against Staphylococcus aureus bacterium and Candida albicans yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena-Cristina Stanciu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (G.-L.A.); (I.P.); (G.-E.H.); (L.G.)
| | - Marieta Nichifor
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (G.-L.A.); (I.P.); (G.-E.H.); (L.G.)
| | - Gabriela-Liliana Ailiesei
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (G.-L.A.); (I.P.); (G.-E.H.); (L.G.)
| | - Irina Popescu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (G.-L.A.); (I.P.); (G.-E.H.); (L.G.)
| | - Gabriela-Elena Hitruc
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (G.-L.A.); (I.P.); (G.-E.H.); (L.G.)
| | - Luminita Ghimici
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (G.-L.A.); (I.P.); (G.-E.H.); (L.G.)
| | - Cristina G. Tuchilus
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Zhang X, Xu W, Li X, Pan G, Chen N, Xie Q, Wang X. Preparation of pH sensitive bacteriostatic W/O/W emulsion microcapsules. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2060-2075. [PMID: 37161405 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2211499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was done to study the zeolite molecular sieve as a drug-binding effector, the non-antibiotic drug potassium diformate uniformly disperse in the internal aqueous phase of the 'egg box' structure formed by pectin-calcium ions. With oil phase as the intermediate phase and Xanthan gum Chitosan as the external water phase, the W/O/W type sustained release bacteriostatic microcapsules with pH response were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric, SEM, and TEM. It can be obtained through characterization experiments that the inner water phase, oil phase, and outer water phase were formed by observation, and W/O/W emulsion microcapsules were obtained and the bacteriostasis effect of microcapsules was verified by bacteriostasis experiment. The permeance experiment showed that the molecular sieve was successfully coated in the microsphere. Studying on drug release mechanism and sustaining release performance of composite emulsion microcapsules. In vitro drug release study showed that the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading rate of microcapsules were improved by adding molecular sieve, reaching 12.31% and 61.55%, respectively. At the same time, we observed that the drug release rate slowed down during the simulated intestinal release process, and the drug release kinetics were in line with the first-order kinetic model and Ritger-Peppas model equation. Experiments had proven that the drug-loaded microcapsules exerted a significant bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, with the highest antibacterial rates of 97.25%, 94.05%, and 95.93%, respectively. Therefore, the composite emulsion microcapsules can be used as a new controlled-release drug delivery system in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoNan Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - WenQin Xu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - GuangHua Pan
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - NanChun Chen
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficiency Utilization of Resources, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - QingLin Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - XiuLi Wang
- College of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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Pectin-based nanoencapsulation strategy to improve the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:11-21. [PMID: 36586647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pectin is one of the polysaccharides to be used as a coating nanomaterial. The characteristics of pectin are suitable to form nanostructures for protection, increased absorption, and bioavailability of different active compounds. This review aims to point out the structural features of pectins and their use as nanocarriers. It also indicates the principal methodologies for the elaboration and application of foods. The research carried out shows that pectin is easily extracted from natural sources, biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic. The mechanical resistance and stability in different pH ranges and the action of digestive enzymes allow the nanostructures to pass intact through the gastrointestinal system and be effectively absorbed. Pectin can bind to macromolecules, especially proteins, to form stable nanostructures, which can be formed by different methods; polyelectrolyte complexes are the most frequent ones. The pectin-derived nanoparticles could be added to foods and dietary supplements, demonstrating a promising nanocarrier with a broad technological application.
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Trujillo-Ramirez D, Olivares-Martinez I, Lobato-Calleros C, Rodriguez-Huezo E, Jaime Vernon-Carter E, Alvarez-Ramirez J. Impact of the droplet size of canola oil-in-water emulsions on the rheology and sensory acceptability of reduced-milk fat stirred yogurt. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:4853-4862. [PMID: 36276526 PMCID: PMC9579241 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A coarse canola oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion (dispersed mass fraction 0.1) was prepared by adding oil to whey protein hydrolysate (WPH)-citric pectin (CP) soluble complex (1% total biopolymer weight; WPH to CP mass ratio 6:1; pH 4.25) aqueous phase using a high shear homogenizer (4000 rpm, 2 min). The coarse O/W emulsion was further homogenized to obtain emulsions (Ex) with different mean droplet sizes (4000, 3000, 120 and 60 nm). A full-fat yogurt (YC; 26 ± 0.3 g milk fat L-1) was prepared from reconstituted whole milk powder (WMP, 3% milk fat) and skim milk powder (SMP, 0.01% milk fat). Reduced-milk fat yogurt (YEx 13 ± 0.3 g milk fat L-1) variations were prepared from WMP + SMP + Ex, where Ex substituted 50% of the milk-fat contained in YC. The viscosity and viscoelastic moduli were lower for YEx than for YC; the effect was more pronounced for E60 and E120. Aroma was non-significantly different between YC and YEx. A multivariate analysis showed that YEx overall acceptability was linked to taste and after taste attributes and to the viscosity perceived in mouth. The loss modulus showed anti-correlation directionality with the overall acceptance. The smaller mean droplet sized YEx exhibited the highest overall acceptability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05573-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Trujillo-Ramirez
- Programa Educativo Ingeniero Bioquímico Industrial, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Mante, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, El Mante, 89800 Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Ivan Olivares-Martinez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, 56230 Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Eva Rodriguez-Huezo
- Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, 55210 Ecatepec, Estado de México Mexico
| | - E. Jaime Vernon-Carter
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apartado Postal 55-534, 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jose Alvarez-Ramirez
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apartado Postal 55-534, 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
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Li DQ, Li J, Dong HL, Li X, Zhang JQ, Ramaswamy S, Xu F. Pectin in biomedical and drug delivery applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:49-65. [PMID: 34146559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural macromolecules have attracted increasing attention due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and biodegradability. Pectin is one of the few polysaccharides with biomedical activity, consequently a candidate in biomedical and drug delivery Applications. Rhamnogalacturonan-II, a smaller component in pectin, plays a major role in biomedical activities. The ubiquitous presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in pectin contribute to their hydrophilicity and, hence, to the favorable biocompatibility, low toxicity, and biodegradability. However, pure pectin-based materials present undesirable swelling and corrosion properties. The hydrophilic groups, via coordination, electrophilic addition, esterification, transesterification reactions, can contribute to pectin's physicochemical properties. Here the properties, extraction, and modification of pectin, which are fundamental to biomedical and drug delivery applications, are reviewed. Moreover, the synthesis, properties, and performance of pectin-based hybrid materials, composite materials, and emulsions are elaborated. The comprehensive review presented here can provide valuable information on pectin and its biomedical and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qiang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830052, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Jun Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830052, PR China
| | - Hui-Lin Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830052, PR China
| | - Shri Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Kaufert Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Liu C, Li J, Li K, Xie C, Liu J. Oxidized konjac glucomannan-cassava starch and sucrose esters as novel excipients for sustained-release matrix tablets. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1045-1052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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