1
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Rodriguez-Melendez D, Langhansl M, Helmbrecht A, Palen B, Zollfrank C, Grunlan JC. Biorenewable Polyelectrolyte Nanocoating for Flame-Retardant Cotton-Based Paper. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32599-32603. [PMID: 36120026 PMCID: PMC9476518 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cotton-based raw paper, made of 100% cellulose, is used to make humidity-sensing, cottonid for bio-architecture applications. Despite its renewability and excellent mechanical properties, it is inherently flammable. In an effort to reduce its flammability, thin films of fully renewable and environmentally benign polyelectrolytes, chitosan (CH) and phytic acid (PA), were deposited on raw paper via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Only four bilayers (BL) of the CH/PA coating are required to achieve self-extinguishing behavior, with a 69% reduction in peak heat release rate measured by microscale combustion calorimetry. These results demonstrate that this renewable intumescent LbL-assembled film provides an effective flame-retardant treatment for these environmentally friendly, climate-adaptive construction materials and could potentially be used to protect many cellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Langhansl
- Chair
of Biogenic Polymers, TUM Campus Straubing
for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 16, D-94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Alexander Helmbrecht
- Chair
of Biogenic Polymers, TUM Campus Straubing
for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 16, D-94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Bethany Palen
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Cordt Zollfrank
- Chair
of Biogenic Polymers, TUM Campus Straubing
for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 16, D-94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Jaime C. Grunlan
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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2
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Cho W, Shields JR, Dubrulle L, Wakeman K, Bhattarai A, Zammarano M, Fox DM. Ion – complexed chitosan formulations as effective fire-retardant coatings for wood substrates. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Abstract
This study proposes an innovative solution to flame-retard a sandwich composite made of unsaturated polyester resin, glass fibre skins and polyester nonwoven core material. The strategy uses the core material as flame-retardant carrier, while the resin is also flame-retarded with aluminum trihydroxide (ATH). A screening of the fire-retardant performances of the core materials, covered with different types of phosphorous flame-retardant additives (phosphate, phosphinate, phosphonate), was performed using cone calorimetry. The best candidate was selected and evaluated in the sandwich panel. Great performances were obtained with ammonium polyphosphate (AP422) at 262 g/m2. The core material, when tested alone, did not ignite, and when used in the laminate, improved the fire behaviour by decreasing the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and the total heat release (THR): the second peak in HRR observed for the references (full glass monolith and sandwich with the untreated core) was suppressed in this case. This improvement is attributed to the interaction occurring between the two FR additives, which leads to the formation of aluminophosphates, as shown using Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and solid-state 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The influence of the FR add-on on the core, as well as the ATH loading in the matrix, was studied separately to optimize the material performances in terms of smoke and heat release. The best compromise was obtained using AP422 at 182 g/m2 and 160 phr of ATH.
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4
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Jin X, Cui S, Sun S, Sun J, Zhang S. The Preparation and Characterization of Polylactic Acid Composites with Chitin-Based Intumescent Flame Retardants. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3513. [PMID: 34685273 PMCID: PMC8536992 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system was fabricated by the introduction of chitin as a green charring agent, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the acid source, and melamine (MEL) as the gas source. The obtained chitin-based IFR was then incorporated into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix using melt compounding. The fire resistance of PLA/chitin composites was investigated via the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter (CONE) tests. The results demonstrated that the combination of 10%APP, 5%chitin and 5%MEL could result in a 26.0% LOI, a V-0 rating after UL and a 51.2% reduction in the peak heat release rate during the CONE test. Based on the mechanism analysis from both the morphology and the chemical structure of the char, it was suggested that chitin was a promising candidate as a charring agent for chitin reacted with APP and MEL with the formation of an intumescent layer on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jin
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Suping Cui
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Shibing Sun
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Jun Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (J.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (J.S.); (S.Z.)
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5
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Innovative Polyelectrolyte Treatment to Flame-Retard Wood. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172884. [PMID: 34502926 PMCID: PMC8433691 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire protection has been a major challenge in wood construction for many years, mainly due to the high flame spread risk associated with wood flooring. Wood fire-retardancy is framed by two main axes: coating and bulk impregnation. There is a growing need for economically and environmentally friendly alternatives. The study of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) for wood substrates is in its infancy, but PECs’ versatility and eco-friendly character are already recognized for fabric fire-retardancy fabrics. In this study, a new approach to PEC characterization is proposed. First, PECs, which consist of polyethyleneimine and sodium phytate, were chemically and thermally characterized to select the most promising systems. Then, yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) was surface-impregnated under reduced pressure with the two PECs identified as the best options. Overall, wood fire-retardancy was improved with a low weight gain of 2 wt.% without increasing water uptake.
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6
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Köklükaya O, Karlsson RMP, Carosio F, Wågberg L. The use of model cellulose gel beads to clarify flame-retardant characteristics of layer-by-layer nanocoatings. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117468. [PMID: 33436236 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembled nanocoatings are exploited to impart flame-retardant properties to cellulosic substrates. A model cellulose material can make it possible to investigate an optimal bilayer (BL) range for the deposition of coating while elucidating the main flame-retardant action thus allowing for an efficient design of optimized LbL formulations. Model cellulose gel beads were prepared by dissolving cellulose-rich fibers followed by precipitation. The beads were LbL-treated with chitosan (CH) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP). The char forming properties were studied using thermal gravimetric analysis. The coating increased the char yield in nitrogen to up to 29 % and showed a distinct pattern of micro intumescent behavior upon heating. An optimal range of 10-20 BL is observed. The well-defined model cellulose gel beads hence introduce a new scientific route both to clarify the fundamental effects of different film components and to optimize the composition of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruç Köklükaya
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rose-Marie Pernilla Karlsson
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Carosio
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Site Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Fang Y, Sun W, Li J, Liu H, Liu X. Eco-friendly flame retardant and dripping-resistant of polyester/cotton blend fabrics through layer-by-layer assembly fully bio-based chitosan/phytic acid coating. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:140-146. [PMID: 33556399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyester/cotton blend fabrics are widely used in clothing and household textiles which combine the comfort of cotton and excellent mechanical strength of polyester. However, their high flammability due to the special "wick effect" resulting from the different thermal decomposition process of cotton and polyester causes greatly potential fire hazards. In this study, fully bio-based intumescent flame retardant (IFR) coating of chitosan/phytic acid (CS/PA) was layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly constructed on polyester/cotton blend fabrics. The LOI value of polyester/cotton blend fabric which was LBL assembly coated by 20 bilayers CS/PA reached 29.2%. And the dripping of coated fabric was eliminated. The results of cone calorimetry test confirmed CS/PA coating greatly improved the flame retardancy of polyester/cotton blend fabrics. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed CS/PA coating changed the thermal decomposition process to promote the char formation of polyester/cotton blend fabrics. CS/PA coating on fabric could form the IFR system which acts through both condensed phase action by the catalysis dehydration reaction to forming stable char and gas phase action by the blowing effect. This research provides a new strategy to eco-friendly flame retardant and dripping-resistant for polyester/cotton blend fabrics by bio-based IFR system through facile LBL assembly method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchun Fang
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; Technology Public Service Platform for Textile Industry of Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Weihao Sun
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Junwei Li
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; Technology Public Service Platform for Textile Industry of Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China
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8
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Jin X, Xiang E, Zhang R, Qin D, Jiang M, Jiang Z. Halloysite nanotubes immobilized by chitosan/tannic acid complex as a green flame retardant for bamboo fiber/poly(lactic acid) composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Jin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing China
| | - Elin Xiang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing China
| | - Daochun Qin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing China
| | - Mingliang Jiang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Zehui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing China
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9
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Biodegradable Flame Retardants for Biodegradable Polymer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071038. [PMID: 32664598 PMCID: PMC7407105 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve sustainability of polymers and to reduce carbon footprint, polymers from renewable resources are given significant attention due to the developing concern over environmental protection. The renewable materials are progressively used in many technical applications instead of short-term-use products. However, among other applications, the flame retardancy of such polymers needs to be improved for technical applications due to potential fire risk and their involvement in our daily life. To overcome this potential risk, various flame retardants (FRs) compounds based on conventional and non-conventional approaches such as inorganic FRs, nitrogen-based FRs, halogenated FRs and nanofillers were synthesized. However, most of the conventional FRs are non-biodegradable and if disposed in the landfill, microorganisms in the soil or water cannot degrade them. Hence, they remain in the environment for long time and may find their way not only in the food chain but can also easily attach to any airborne particle and can travel distances and may end up in freshwater, food products, ecosystems, or even can be inhaled if they are present in the air. Furthermore, it is not a good choice to use non-biodegradable FRs in biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA). Therefore, the goal of this review paper is to promote the use of biodegradable and bio-based compounds for flame retardants used in polymeric materials.
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10
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Improving the flame retardant properties of polyester‐cotton blend fabrics by introducing an intumescent coating via layer by layer assembly. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Köklükaya O, Carosio F, Durán VL, Wågberg L. Layer-by-layer modified low density cellulose fiber networks: A sustainable and fireproof alternative to petroleum based foams. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115616. [PMID: 31887896 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Wood-based cellulose fibers were used to prepare porous, low density and wet-stable fiber networks (FN). Multilayer coatings consisting of chitosan (CH), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and inorganic nanoparticles comprising of either sodium montmorillonite (MMT), sepiolite (SEP) or colloidal silica (SNP) were deposited by the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique onto FNs in an effort to impart flame-retardancy. A simulated fire scenario measured by cone calorimetry showed that five quadlayers (QL) of CH/SHMP/CH/MMT, CH/SHMP/CH/SEP and CH/SHMP/CH/SNP can produce significant reduction in peak heat release rate (pkHRR). In detail, the coating containing SEP showed the largest reduction of the pkHRR by 47% relative to the uncoated FN. MMT and SEP coated FNs were also able to self-extinguish fire and to retain their shapes after direct exposure to a methane flame. This study hence shows that the LbL assembly is a highly effective way to impart flame-retardant properties to this new type of porous FN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruç Köklükaya
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Federico Carosio
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Site, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Verónica López Durán
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; BiMaC Innovation, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Lazar S, Eberle B, Bellevergue E, Grunlan J. Amine Salt Thickening of Intumescent Multilayer Flame Retardant Treatment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lazar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Bailey Eberle
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Etienne Bellevergue
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Département Conception éco-Innovation et Génie des Matériaux Avancés (CIGMA), École des Mines d’Alès (EMA), 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30100 Alès, France
| | - Jaime Grunlan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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13
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Preparation of a Novel Flame Retardant Formulation for Cotton Fabric. MATERIALS 2019; 13:ma13010054. [PMID: 31861898 PMCID: PMC6981709 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel halogen-free flame-retardant formulation was prepared and coated onto cotton fabrics. The structure of phosphorus compounds in the system was characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Results from the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses presented that the flame retardant was coated successfully onto a cotton surface. We investigated the thermal stability and fire-retardant behaviors of cotton fabrics using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and the vertical flame test. We also discuss the mechanism of flame retardance of coated cotton fabrics.
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14
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Enhanced Thermal Properties of Zirconia Nanoparticles and Chitosan-Based Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9173464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia (ZrO2)-based flame retardant coatings were synthesized through the process of grinding, mixing, and curing. The flame retardant coatings reinforced with zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) were prepared at four different formulation levels marked by F0 (without adding ZrO2 NPs), F1 (1% w/w ZrO2 NPs), F2 (2% w/w ZrO2 NPs), and F3 (3% w/w ZrO2 NPs) in combination with epoxy resin, ammonium polyphosphate, boric acid, chitosan, and melamine. The prepared formulated coatings were characterized by flammability tests, combustion tests, and thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, char residues were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the controlled sample filled with functionalized ZrO2 NPs was observed to decrease dramatically with increasing functionalized ZrO2 NPs loadings. There was an increase in the limit of oxygen index (LOI) value with the increase in the weight percentage of ZrO2 NPs. The UL-94V data clearly revealed a V-1 rating for the F0 sample; however, with the addition of ZrO2 NPs, the samples showed enhanced properties with a V-0 rating. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results revealed that addition of ZrO2 NPs Improved composite coating thermal stability at 800 °C by forming high residual char. The results obtained here reveal that the addition of ZrO2 NPs in the formulated coatings has shown the excellent impact as flame retardant coatings.
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15
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Jordanov I, Stevens DL, Tarbuk A, Magovac E, Bischof S, Grunlan JC. Enzymatic Modification of Polyamide for Improving the Conductivity of Water-Based Multilayer Nanocoatings. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12028-12035. [PMID: 31460315 PMCID: PMC6682087 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic modification, using a protease from Bacillus licheniformis (Subtilisin A), was carried out on polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) fabric to make it more amenable to water-based nanocoatings used to impart electrical conductivity. The modified PA6.6 fibers exhibit a smoother surface, increased hydrophilicity due to more carboxyl and amino groups, and larger ζ-potential relative to unmodified polyamide. With its improved hydrophilicity and surface functionality, the modified textile is better able to accept a water-based nanocoating, composed of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) stabilized by sodium deoxycholate (DOC) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), deposited via layer-by-layer assembly. Relative to unmodified fabric, the enzymatically modified fibers exhibit lower sheet resistance as a function of PDDA/MWCNT-DOC bilayers deposited. This relatively green technique could be used to impart a variety of useful functionalities to otherwise difficult-to-treat synthetic fibers like polyamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Jordanov
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Ruger Boskovic 16, 1000 Skopje, Republic
of North Macedonia
| | - Daniel L. Stevens
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Anita Tarbuk
- Department
of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaza baruna Filipovica 28a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Eva Magovac
- Department
of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaza baruna Filipovica 28a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sandra Bischof
- Department
of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaza baruna Filipovica 28a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Jaime C. Grunlan
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, 3003
TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, 3123 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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16
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Cohen E, Merzendorfer H. Chitin/Chitosan: Versatile Ecological, Industrial, and Biomedical Applications. EXTRACELLULAR SUGAR-BASED BIOPOLYMERS MATRICES 2019; 12. [PMCID: PMC7115017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is a linear polysaccharide of N-acetylglucosamine, which is highly abundant in nature and mainly produced by marine crustaceans. Chitosan is obtained by hydrolytic deacetylation. Both polysaccharides are renewable resources, simply and cost-effectively extracted from waste material of fish industry, mainly crab and shrimp shells. Research over the past five decades has revealed that chitosan, in particular, possesses unique and useful characteristics such as chemical versatility, polyelectrolyte properties, gel- and film-forming ability, high adsorption capacity, antimicrobial and antioxidative properties, low toxicity, and biocompatibility and biodegradability features. A plethora of chemical chitosan derivatives have been synthesized yielding improved materials with suggested or effective applications in water treatment, biosensor engineering, agriculture, food processing and storage, textile additives, cosmetics fabrication, and in veterinary and human medicine. The number of studies in this research field has exploded particularly during the last two decades. Here, we review recent advances in utilizing chitosan and chitosan derivatives in different technical, agricultural, and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Cohen
- Department of Entomology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hans Merzendorfer
- School of Science and Technology, Institute of Biology – Molecular Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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17
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Zope IS, Foo S, Seah DGJ, Akunuri AT, Dasari A. Development and Evaluation of a Water-Based Flame Retardant Spray Coating for Cotton Fabrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40782-40791. [PMID: 29035506 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this Research Article, we report on the development of water-based flame retardant coating based on phospho-nitrogen combination for cotton fabrics. A one-step spray-on process was employed to coat the fabrics by taking advantage of the spontaneous reaction between para-phenylenediamine (PDA) and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) resulting in an instantaneous precipitation of poly[1,4-diaminophenylene-tris(dimethyl hydroxymethyl)phosphine] (PApP) on the fabric surface. The effectiveness of PApP in improving the flame retardant properties like ignition resistance and lateral flame spread were evaluated in accordance with ASTM D6413 and BS EN ISO 15025 flammability tests. Despite the early (thermal) decomposition onset for coated fabrics under both oxidative and pyrolytic conditions, remarkably, self-extinguishing behavior (<3 s) without any lateral flame spread was observed. Possible reaction scheme was also proposed to correlate flame retardant mechanism of the coated fabrics with the observations. Additional analysis via pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry and vertical flame testing before and after washing showed that flame retardant efficiency did decrease with washing, but the overall performance was still promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indraneel S Zope
- School of Materials Science & Engineering (Blk N4.1), Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Shini Foo
- School of Materials Science & Engineering (Blk N4.1), Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Dean G J Seah
- School of Materials Science & Engineering (Blk N4.1), Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Aswini Tara Akunuri
- School of Materials Science & Engineering (Blk N4.1), Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Aravind Dasari
- School of Materials Science & Engineering (Blk N4.1), Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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18
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Song Y, Meyers KP, Gerringer J, Ramakrishnan RK, Humood M, Qin S, Polycarpou AA, Nazarenko S, Grunlan JC. Fast Self‐Healing of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Nanocoating and Restoration of Super Oxygen Barrier. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843‐3003 USA
| | - Kevin P. Meyers
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Joseph Gerringer
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843‐3012 USA
| | - Ramesh K. Ramakrishnan
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Mohammad Humood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843‐3123 USA
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843‐3003 USA
| | - Andreas A. Polycarpou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843‐3123 USA
| | - Sergei Nazarenko
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Jaime C. Grunlan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843‐3003 USA
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843‐3012 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843‐3123 USA
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