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Payungwong N, Sakdapipanich J, Wu J, Ho CC. The Interplay of Protein Hydrolysis and Ammonia in the Stability of Hevea Rubber Latex during Storage. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4636. [PMID: 38139887 PMCID: PMC10747496 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) latex derived from Hevea brasiliensis is a complex colloid comprising mainly rubber hydrocarbons (latex particles) and a multitude of minor non-rubber constituents such as non-rubber particles, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and soluble organic and inorganic substances. NR latex is susceptible to enzymatic attack after it leaves the trees. It is usually preserved with ammonia and, to a lesser extent, with other preservatives to enhance its colloidal stability during storage. Despite numerous studies in the literature on the influence of rubber proteins on NR latex stability, issues regarding the effect of protein hydrolysis in the presence of ammonia on latex stability during storage are still far from resolved. The present work aims to elucidate the interplay between protein hydrolysis and ammoniation in NR latex stability. Both high- and low-ammonia (with a secondary preservative) NR latexes were used to monitor the changes in their protein compositions during storage. High-ammonia (FNR-A) latex preserved with 0.6% (v/v) ammonia, a low 0.1% ammonia/TMTD/ZnO (FNR-TZ) latex, and a deproteinized NR (PDNR) latex were labeled with fluorescence agents and observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine their protein composition. Protein hydrolysis was confirmed via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results revealed that protein hydrolysis increased with the storage duration. The change in protein composition accompanying hydrolysis also allows the spatial distribution of allergenic proteins to be estimated in the latex. Concurrently, the latex stability increased with the storage duration, as measured by the latex's mechanical stability time (MST) and the zeta potential of the latex particles. As monitored by AFM, the surface roughness of the NR latex film increased markedly during extended storage compared with that of the DPNR latex, which remained smooth. These results underscore the pivotal role of ammonia in bolstering NR latex stability brought on by protein hydrolysis, which greatly impacts latex film's formation behavior. NR latex stability underpins the quality of latex-dipped goods during manufacturing, particularly those for medical gloves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narueporn Payungwong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Jitladda Sakdapipanich
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Chee-Cheong Ho
- Faculty of Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
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Wang R, Li R, Li F, Zheng P, Wang Z, Qian S. Glycerol and Antimicrobial Peptide-Modified Natural Latex for Bacteriostasis of Skin Wounds. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1505-1513. [PMID: 36643537 PMCID: PMC9835661 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to develop a glycerol antimicrobial peptide natural latex film (NRL-GI-AMP film) for the treatment of skin wound infections. The contents of this work mainly include investigating the effect of adding glycerol (GI) and an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) on the physical and chemical properties of natural latex (NRL) and analyzing the cytocompatibility, bacteriostatic activity, and infected wound healing promotion of the NRL-GI-AMP film. The results showed that the addition of GI resulted in more pores in the internal structure of the NRL film, while the addition of G(LLKK)3L AMP did not change the structure and properties of the NRL film. Compared with that of the NRL film, the infrared spectrum of the NRL-GI-AMP film did not produce new characteristic peaks, indicating that GI and AMP were non-covalently cross-linked with NRL. Addition of 10% GI reduces the toughness of the NRL-GI-AMP film by 62.0%, increases the water vapor transmission rate by 8.95 mg/(cm2·h), and reduces the water absorption and water retention distributions by 33.0 and 24.7%, respectively. AMP in the NRL-GI-AMP film could be released continuously for 40 h, and the release rate was about 45%. The NRL-GI-AMP film showed good biocompatibility and antibacterial activity and promoted the healing of infected wounds. Therefore, the NRL-GI-AP film has potential application in the development of dressings to inhibit skin wound infection and promote wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- College
of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui
Polytechnic University, Wuhu241000, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical
College, Wuhu241002, China
| | - Fangkai Li
- College
of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui
Polytechnic University, Wuhu241000, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- College
of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui
Polytechnic University, Wuhu241000, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- College
of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui
Polytechnic University, Wuhu241000, China
| | - Senhe Qian
- College
of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui
Polytechnic University, Wuhu241000, China
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Influence of sizes of rubber particles in latex on mechanical properties of natural rubber filled with carbon black. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Influence of Clones on Relationship between Natural Rubber and Size of Rubber Particles in Latex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168880. [PMID: 36012145 PMCID: PMC9408627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IAN873, Dongfang93114 and Reyan73397, created through vegetative propagation for their high yield and excellent cold resistance, are major clones planted in China. In this work, latexes with rubber particles of the same size from these clones are separated from fresh natural rubber latex, and corresponding rubber films are prepared from each latex. The structure and components of each film are measured. This indicates that the characteristics of the rubbers obtained from latexes with similar particle sizes show some resembling trends among different clones, while for specific samples, those characteristics vary depending on the clone. The molecular weight is generally highest in IAN873 and lowest in Reyan73397. Rubber chains in small rubber particles are longer, and large rubber particles show a wider molecular weight distribution. The gel content of every sample from Reyan73397 is lower than the other two clones. The nitrogen content increases with the size of rubber particles in all clones. The ester content of small rubber particles in IAN873 and Reyan73397 is almost zero. Large rubber particles have more branching points formed via esters. This study provides a new perspective on the influence of clones on the relationship between characteristics of natural rubber and the size of rubber particles in natural rubber latex.
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Bosco F, Mollea C. Biodegradation of Natural Rubber: Microcosm Study. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2021; 232:227. [PMID: 34054156 PMCID: PMC8140748 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-021-05171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, natural rubber (NR) biodegradation, by means of a microbial consortium, naturally selected in a tyre dump soil, has been evaluated. To this purpose, prepared soil microcosms were incubated for 236 days, at room temperature, and natural light/dark cycles. The effect of primary C-source and fresh soil addition, soil aeration, and humidity maintenance has been monitored by means of microbiological and respirometric analysis, dry weight loss determinations, and SEM micrographs. During the incubation, in biodegradation microcosms (BD), containing NR samples, the produced CO2 was significantly higher than that of biotic controls (BC). Furthermore, after 236 days, a NR dry weight loss of 15.6%, in BD microcosms, was registered, about four-fold higher than that registered in BC control (3.7%). Obtained results confirmed that the naturally selected microbial consortium was able to use NR as the only C-source and to biodegrade it. The positive effect of soil mixing evidenced that the biodegradation process was mainly carried out by aerobic biomass, especially filamentous fungi, as confirmed by microbial counts and SEM observations. Results obtained in the microcosm study provided useful information in terms of soil aeration and nutrient amendment in view of a future biodegradation process scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bosco
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, DISAT, Politecnico Di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Mollea
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, DISAT, Politecnico Di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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Yusof NH, Baratha Nesan KV, Mohd Rasdi FR. Controlling the characteristics of raw natural rubber by partial degradation in the latex stage using a water-soluble degrading agent. J RUBBER RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-020-00058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Film formation process of natural rubber latex particles: roles of the particle size and distribution of non-rubber species on film microstructure. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Men X, Wang F, Chen GQ, Zhang HB, Xian M. Biosynthesis of Natural Rubber: Current State and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E50. [PMID: 30583567 PMCID: PMC6337083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber is a kind of indispensable biopolymers with great use and strategic importance in human society. However, its production relies almost exclusively on rubber-producing plants Hevea brasiliensis, which have high requirements for growth conditions, and the mechanism of natural rubber biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In the past two decades, details of the rubber chain polymerization and proteins involved in natural rubber biosynthesis have been investigated intensively. Meanwhile, omics and other advanced biotechnologies bring new insight into rubber production and development of new rubber-producing plants. This review summarizes the achievements of the past two decades in understanding the biosynthesis of natural rubber, especially the massive information obtained from the omics analyses. Possibilities of natural rubber biosynthesis in vitro or in genetically engineered microorganisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetom Sarkar
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur 721302 West Bengal India
| | - Anil K. Bhowmick
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur 721302 West Bengal India
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