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Nitti P, Narayanan A, Pellegrino R, Villani S, Madaghiele M, Demitri C. Cell-Tissue Interaction: The Biomimetic Approach to Design Tissue Engineered Biomaterials. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1122. [PMID: 37892852 PMCID: PMC10604880 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancement achieved in Tissue Engineering is based on a careful and in-depth study of cell-tissue interactions. The choice of a specific biomaterial in Tissue Engineering is fundamental, as it represents an interface for adherent cells in the creation of a microenvironment suitable for cell growth and differentiation. The knowledge of the biochemical and biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix is a useful tool for the optimization of polymeric scaffolds. This review aims to analyse the chemical, physical, and biological parameters on which are possible to act in Tissue Engineering for the optimization of polymeric scaffolds and the most recent progress presented in this field, including the novelty in the modification of the scaffolds' bulk and surface from a chemical and physical point of view to improve cell-biomaterial interaction. Moreover, we underline how understanding the impact of scaffolds on cell fate is of paramount importance for the successful advancement of Tissue Engineering. Finally, we conclude by reporting the future perspectives in this field in continuous development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nitti
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.N.); (R.P.); (S.V.); (M.M.); (C.D.)
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2
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Manning IM, Guan Pin Chew N, Macdonald HP, Miller KE, Strynar MJ, Coronell O, Leibfarth FA. Hydrolytically Stable Ionic Fluorogels for High-Performance Remediation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Natural Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208150. [PMID: 35945652 PMCID: PMC9711936 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PFAS are known bioaccumulative and persistent chemicals which pollute natural waters globally. There exists a lack of granular sorbents to efficiently remove both legacy and emerging PFAS at environmentally relevant concentrations. Herein, we report a class of polymer networks with a synergistic combination of ionic and fluorous components that serve as granular materials for the removal of anionic PFAS from water. A library of Ionic Fluorogels (IFs) with systematic variation in charge density and polymer network architecture was synthesized from hydrolytically stable fluorous building blocks. The IFs were demonstrated as effective sorbents for the removal of 21 legacy and emerging PFAS from a natural water and were regenerable over multiple cycles of reuse. Comparison of one IF to a commercial ion exchange resin in mini-rapid small-scale column tests demonstrated superior performance for the removal of short-chain PFAS from natural water under operationally relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M. Manning
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill131 South RdChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Nick Guan Pin Chew
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringGillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill135 Dauer DrChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Haley P. Macdonald
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringGillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill135 Dauer DrChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Kelsey E. Miller
- Office of Research and DevelopmentCenter for Environmental Measurement and ModelingU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27709USA
| | - Mark J. Strynar
- Office of Research and DevelopmentCenter for Environmental Measurement and ModelingU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27709USA
| | - Orlando Coronell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringGillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill135 Dauer DrChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill131 South RdChapel HillNC 27599USA
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3
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Haag SL, Martinez-Alvarez J, Schiele NR, Bernards MT. Delivery of Bioactive Albumin from Multi-Functional Polyampholyte Hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2022; 139:e52846. [PMID: 36404914 PMCID: PMC9673991 DOI: 10.1002/app.52846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered scaffolds are currently being explored to aid in healing and regeneration of non-union fractures in bone. Additionally, albumin has been demonstrated to provide benefits to healing when applied to injury sites. This paper focuses on delivery of calcium modified, bioactive bovine serum albumin (BSA) from a multi-functional polyampholyte polymer scaffold. First, the inherent nonfouling and conjugation properties of the polyampholyte hydrogel were verified to determine the impact of calcium exposure. The polyampholyte hydrogel delivery platform was then assessed with calcium titrations and osteoblast-like cell (MC3T3-E1) adhesion, proliferation, and viability evaluations. Finally, integrin inhibitors were used to identify the binding mechanisms that mediate cell adhesion to the calcium-modified BSA-conjugated hydrogels. An increase in cell adhesion was observed following calcium exposure up to 0.075 M, although this and higher calcium concentrations affected hydrogel stability and cell growth. BSA exposed to 0.05 M calcium and delivered from polyampholyte hydrogels promoted the most promising viable cell adhesion over 7 days. Cell adhesion to the calcium-modified BSA-conjugated hydrogels appeared to be regulated by arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) and collagen specific integrins. These results demonstrate that the delivery of calcium modified BSA from an implantable polymer scaffold is promising for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Haag
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
| | | | - Nathan R. Schiele
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
| | - Matthew T. Bernards
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
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4
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Manning IM, Chew NGP, Macdonald HP, Miller KE, Strynar MJ, Coronell O, Leibfarth F. Hydrolytically Stable Ionic Fluorogels for High‐Performance Remediation of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Natural Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Manning
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Kenan Science Library: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chemistry 27599 Chapel Hill UNITED STATES
| | - Nick Guan Pin Chew
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Kenan Science Library: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Environmental Sciences and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Haley P Macdonald
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Kenan Science Library: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Environmental Sciences and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Kelsey E Miller
- Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling UNITED STATES
| | - Mark J Strynar
- Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling UNITED STATES
| | - Orlando Coronell
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Kenan Science Library: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Environmental Sciences and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Frank Leibfarth
- University of North Carolina Chemistry University of North CarolinaKenan Labs A500 27599 Chapel Hill UNITED STATES
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Chakraborty M, Haag SL, Bernards MT, Waynant KV. Synthesis of a zwitterionic N-Ser-Ser-C dimethacrylate cross-linker and evaluation in polyampholyte hydrogels. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5508-5518. [PMID: 34232245 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyampholyte hydrogels are attractive materials for tissue engineering scaffolds as they offer a wide variety of features including nonfouling, selective protein delivery, and tunable physical characteristics. However, to improve the potential performance of these materials for in vivo applications, there is a need for a higher diversity of zwitterionic cross-linker species to replace commonly used ethylene glycol (EG) based chemistries. Towards this end, the synthesis of a dipeptide based zwitterionic cross-linker, N-Ser-Ser-C dimethacrylate (S-S) from N-Boc-l-serine is presented. The strategy utilized a convergent coupling of methacrylated serine partners followed by careful global deprotection to yield the zwitterionic cross-linker with good overall yields. This novel cross-linker was incorporated into a polyampholyte hydrogel and its physical properties and biocompatibility were compared against a polyampholyte hydrogel synthesized with an EG-based cross-linker. The S-S cross-linked hydrogel demonstrated excellent nonfouling performance, while promoting enhanced cellular adhesion to fibrinogen delivered from the hydrogel. Therefore, the results suggest that the S-S cross-linker will demonstrate superior future performance for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie L Haag
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
| | - Matthew T Bernards
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
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6
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Mixed-charge pseudo-zwitterionic copolymer brush as broad spectrum antibiofilm coating. Biomaterials 2021; 273:120794. [PMID: 33887644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers are classical antifouling polymers but they require specialized monomers that have cationic and anionic charges integrated into a single monomer. Herein, we show that pseudo-zwitterionic copolymers synthesized from a mixture of 2 monomers each having a single opposite polarity has excellent antibiofilm efficacy. We have discovered a new mixed-charge copolymer brush (#1-A) synthesized from 2 oppositely charged monomers, the anionic SPM (3-Sulfopropyl methacrylate) and the cationic AMPTMA ((3-Acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride), that achieves broad spectrum in vitro antibiofilm effect of greater than 99% reductions against all six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested. In the murine subcutaneous wound catheter infection models, the #1-A has good long-term anti-biofilm efficacy against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of 3.41 and 3.19 orders respectively, outperforming previous mixed-charge copolymer coatings. We discovered a new method to choose the cationic/anionic pair combination to form the best antibiofilm copolymer brush coating by exploiting the solution polymerization kinetics disparity between the cationic and anionic monomers. We also showed that #1-A is softer and has higher hydration than the classical zwitterionic polymer. This study shows the possibility of achieving potent antibiofilm efficacy by combining readily available opposite singly charged monomers.
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Víšová I, Vrabcová M, Forinová M, Zhigunová Y, Mironov V, Houska M, Bittrich E, Eichhorn KJ, Hashim H, Schovánek P, Dejneka A, Vaisocherová-Lísalová H. Surface Preconditioning Influences the Antifouling Capabilities of Zwitterionic and Nonionic Polymer Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8485-8493. [PMID: 32506911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes not only represent emerging surface platforms for numerous bioanalytical and biological applications but also create advanced surface-tethered systems to mimic real-life biological processes. In particular, zwitterionic and nonionic polymer brushes have been intensively studied because of their extraordinary resistance to nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules (antifouling characteristics) as well as the ability to be functionalized with bioactive molecules. However, the relation between antifouling behavior in real-world biological media and structural changes of polymer brushes induced by surface preconditioning in different environments remains unexplored. In this work, we use multiple methods to study the structural properties of numerous brushes under variable ionic concentrations and determine the impact of these changes on resistance to fouling from undiluted blood plasma. We describe different mechanisms of swelling, depending on both the polymer brush coating properties and the environmental conditions that affect changes in both hydration levels and thickness. Using both fluorescent and surface plasmon resonance methods, we found that the antifouling behavior of these brushes is strongly dependent on the aforementioned structural changes. Moreover, preconditioning of the brush coatings (incubation at a variable salt concentration or drying) prior to biomolecule interaction may significantly improve the antifouling performance. These results suggest a new simple approach to improve the antifouling behavior of polymer brushes. In addition, the results herein enhance the understanding for improved design of antifouling and bioresponsive brushes employed in biosensor and biomimetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Víšová
- FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Vrabcová
- FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Forinová
- FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Yulia Zhigunová
- FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Vasilii Mironov
- FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Houska
- FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Bittrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Hisham Hashim
- National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospekt 2, Moscow 119049, Russia
- Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Al-Geish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Petr Schovánek
- FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
- Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
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Rahmati M, Silva EA, Reseland JE, A Heyward C, Haugen HJ. Biological responses to physicochemical properties of biomaterial surface. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5178-5224. [PMID: 32642749 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical scientists use chemistry-driven processes found in nature as an inspiration to design biomaterials as promising diagnostic tools, therapeutic solutions, or tissue substitutes. While substantial consideration is devoted to the design and validation of biomaterials, the nature of their interactions with the surrounding biological microenvironment is commonly neglected. This gap of knowledge could be owing to our poor understanding of biochemical signaling pathways, lack of reliable techniques for designing biomaterials with optimal physicochemical properties, and/or poor stability of biomaterial properties after implantation. The success of host responses to biomaterials, known as biocompatibility, depends on chemical principles as the root of both cell signaling pathways in the body and how the biomaterial surface is designed. Most of the current review papers have discussed chemical engineering and biological principles of designing biomaterials as separate topics, which has resulted in neglecting the main role of chemistry in this field. In this review, we discuss biocompatibility in the context of chemistry, what it is and how to assess it, while describing contributions from both biochemical cues and biomaterials as well as the means of harmonizing them. We address both biochemical signal-transduction pathways and engineering principles of designing a biomaterial with an emphasis on its surface physicochemistry. As we aim to show the role of chemistry in the crosstalk between the surface physicochemical properties and body responses, we concisely highlight the main biochemical signal-transduction pathways involved in the biocompatibility complex. Finally, we discuss the progress and challenges associated with the current strategies used for improving the chemical and physical interactions between cells and biomaterial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmati
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway. h.j.haugen.odont.uio.no
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Haag SL, Bernards MT. Enhanced Biocompatibility of Polyampholyte Hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3292-3299. [PMID: 32160745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered scaffolds encounter many challenges including poor integration with native tissue. Nonspecific protein adsorption can trigger the foreign body response leading to encapsulation and isolation from the native injured tissue. This concern is mitigated with nonfouling polymer scaffolds. This study investigates the long-term biocompatibility of a nonfouling polyampholyte system composed of positively charged [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride monomers and negatively charged 2-carboxyethyl acrylate monomers, cross-linked with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. This system has previously shown resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption and short-term cell attachment via conjugated proteins. However, longer-term cell survival has not been evaluated with this system. First, the environmental pH was monitored with varying amounts of counter ions present in the hydrogel synthesis buffer. The lowest level (3 M NaOH) and the level that resulted in pH values closest to physiological conditions (6.7 M NaOH) were chosen for further investigation. These two formulations were then compared in terms of their contact angle, qualitative protein adsorption and conjugation capacity, and quantitative cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability. The 3 M NaOH formulation showed higher initial protein conjugation and cell adhesion compared to the 6.7 M NaOH formulation. However, the 3 M NaOH hydrogels had low cell viability after 24 h due to the acidic component release into the culture environment. The 6.7 M NaOH formulation showed a lower initial conjugation and cell adhesion but overcame this limitation by providing a stable environment that maintained cell viability for over 5 days. The 6.7 M NaOH polyampholyte hydrogel formulation shows increased biocompatibility, while maintaining resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption, as demonstrated by the targeted cell adhesion and proliferation. Therefore, this polyampholyte formulation demonstrates strong potential as a tissue-engineered scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Haag
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843, United States
| | - Matthew T Bernards
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843, United States
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10
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Potaufeux JE, Odent J, Notta-Cuvier D, Lauro F, Raquez JM. A comprehensive review of the structures and properties of ionic polymeric materials. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the mechanistic approach, the structure–property relationship and applications of ionic polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Emile Potaufeux
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM)
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMONS)
- Mons
- Belgium
| | - Jérémy Odent
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM)
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMONS)
- Mons
- Belgium
| | - Delphine Notta-Cuvier
- Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automatic Control and Mechanical Engineering (LAMIH)
- UMR CNRS 8201
- University Polytechnique Hauts-De-France (UPHF)
- Le Mont Houy
- France
| | - Franck Lauro
- Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automatic Control and Mechanical Engineering (LAMIH)
- UMR CNRS 8201
- University Polytechnique Hauts-De-France (UPHF)
- Le Mont Houy
- France
| | - Jean-Marie Raquez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM)
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMONS)
- Mons
- Belgium
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Wang H, Pu X. The Structure and Properties of a Novel Hydroxyl‐Terminated Hyperbranched Polymer for Inhibiting Shale Hydration. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and ExploitationSouthwest Petroleum University, No. 8 Xindu Avenue, Xindu Chengdu 610500 China
| | - Xiaolin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and ExploitationSouthwest Petroleum University, No. 8 Xindu Avenue, Xindu Chengdu 610500 China
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12
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Grinberg VY, Burova TV, Grinberg NV, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Khokhlov AR. Protein-like energetics of conformational transitions in a polyampholyte hydrogel. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Impacts of cross-linker chain length on the physical properties of polyampholyte hydrogels. Biointerphases 2019; 14:031002. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5097412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Haag SL, Bernards MT. Polyampholyte Hydrogels in Biomedical Applications. Gels 2017; 3:E41. [PMID: 30920536 PMCID: PMC6318660 DOI: 10.3390/gels3040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyampholytes are a class of polymers made up of positively and negatively charged monomer subunits. Polyampholytes offer a unique tunable set of properties driven by the interactions between the charged monomer subunits. Some tunable properties of polyampholytes include mechanical properties, nonfouling characteristics, swelling due to changes in pH or salt concentration, and drug delivery capability. These characteristics lend themselves to multiple biomedical applications, and this review paper will summarize applications of polyampholyte polymers demonstrated over the last five years in tissue engineering, cryopreservation and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Haag
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA.
| | - Matthew T Bernards
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA.
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15
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Xiaofeng W, Siyuan Y, Jincheng W. Hyperbranched polyester-modified montmorillonite: a novel phase change material for energy storage. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiaofeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai PR China
| | - Yang Siyuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai PR China
| | - Wang Jincheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai PR China
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