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Yıldırım R, Ullah MS, Koçoğlu H, Ün M, Yazıcı Çakır N, Demir G, Çetin D, Urtekin G, Özkoç G, Mert O, Kodal M. Effects of Hybrid POSS Nanoparticles on the Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer-Toughened Polyamide 6. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47034-47050. [PMID: 38107884 PMCID: PMC10720298 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polyamide 6 (PA6)/thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blends were prepared to decrease the notch sensitivity of PA6 for automotive applications, and the morphological, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of PA6/TPE blends, which are partially miscible or immiscible depending on the TPE ratio, were significantly improved in the existence of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles with multiple reactive epoxy groups as compatibilizers. An unstable phase morphology was obtained with the addition of TPE into PA6 without POSS nanoparticles, whereas interfacial interactions between phases in the presence of POSS were enhanced as a result of a significant decrease in the average particle size from 1.39 to 0.41 μm. The complex viscosity value of the 70PA6/30TPE blend, which was 20 kPa/s-1 at 0.1 rad/s angular frequency, reached 380 kPa/s-1 with the addition of POSS due to the formation of long chains by the generation of graft and/or block copolymers, which resulted in a 65% increase in Young's modulus value. Most notably, the Izod impact strength of pure PA6, which was 10 kJ/m2, increased by 290% with the incorporation of POSS. It was confirmed by FTIR analysis that the reactive multiple epoxy groups of MultEpPOSS and EPPOSS nanoparticles react with the proper groups of PA6 and/or TPE, and also, a partial hydrogen bonding interaction occurs between PA6-TPE from the shifting of N-H and carbonyl peaks. In conclusion, it can be suggested that POSS nanoparticles can serve as highly effective compatibilizers for PA6/TPE blends and have potential commercial applications, especially in the automotive sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeysa Yıldırım
- Polymer
Science and Technology Graduate Programme, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | | | - Hürol Koçoğlu
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, Bolu Abant Izzet
Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Türkiye
| | - Merve Ün
- Polymer
Science and Technology Graduate Programme, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Nazlı Yazıcı Çakır
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Gülşah Demir
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Çetin
- Polymer
Science and Technology Graduate Programme, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Urtekin
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Güralp Özkoç
- Nanotechnology
Research and Application Center SUNUM, Sabanci
University, 34956 İstanbul, Türkiye
- Chemistry
Department, İstinye University, 34010 İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Olcay Mert
- Polymer
Science and Technology Graduate Programme, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye
- Chemistry
Department, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Kodal
- Polymer
Science and Technology Graduate Programme, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye
- Nanotechnology
Research and Application Center SUNUM, Sabanci
University, 34956 İstanbul, Türkiye
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Wang D, Li H, Qiu H, Chen J. Preparation and Evaluation of Silicon Quantum Dots-Bonded Silica Stationary Phase for Reversed-Phase Chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-022-00243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hard Coating Materials Based on Photo-Reactive Silsesquioxane for Flexible Application: Improvement of Flexible and Hardness Properties by High Molecular Weight. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101564. [PMID: 34068278 PMCID: PMC8153148 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
EPOSS of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) mixture structure and LPSQ of ladder-like polysilsesquioxane (LPSQ) structure were synthesized via sol–gel reaction. EPSQ had a high molecular weight due to polycondensation by potassium carbonate. The EPSQ film showed uniform surface morphology due to regular double-stranded structure. In contrast, the EPOSS-coated film showed nonuniform surface morphology due to strong aggregation. Due to the aggregation, the EPOSS film had shorter d-spacing (d1) than the EPSQ film in XRD analysis. In pencil hardness and nanoindentation analysis, EPSQ film showed higher hardness than the EPOSS film due to regular double-stranded structure. In addition, in the in-folding (r = 0.5 mm) and out-folding (r = 5 mm) tests, the EPSQ film did not crack unlike the EPOSS coated film.
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