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Chen K, Zhou C, Yao L, Jing M, Liu C, Shen C, Wang Y. Phase morphology, rheological behavior and mechanical properties of supertough biobased poly(lactic acid) reactive ternary blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127079. [PMID: 37769761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most promising bio-based polyester with great potential to replace for the petroleum-based polymers, which can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the inherent brittleness of PLA seriously restricts its broad applications. Herein, PLA/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/ethylene methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EMA-GMA) ternary blends with different phase structures were prepared through reactive blending. The reactions between the epoxy groups of EMA-GMA and the carboxyl and hydroxyl end groups of PLA and PCL and were evidenced from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis and rheological results. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) images clearly revealed the formation of stack structure of the PCL and EMA-GMA minor phases in PLA/PCL/EMA-GMA (80/15/5) blend, and core-shell particle structures in PLA/PCL/EMA-GMA (80/10/10) and (80/5/15) blends. In terms of elongation at break and impact toughness, PLA/PCL/EMA-GMA (80/5/15) blend presents the best properties among all the compositions. Moreover, it also behaved excellent stiffness-toughness balance. The toughening mechanism can be ascribed to the formation of core-shell structure and the existence of interfacial adhesion in the ternary blends. This work can provide guide for the preparation and design of PLA-based partially renewable supertough materials that can compete with conventional petro-derived plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengfan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Changyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yaming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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2
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Surendren A, Pal AK, Rodriguez-Uribe A, Shankar S, Lim LT, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Upcycling of post-industrial starch-based thermoplastics and their talc-filled sustainable biocomposites for single-use plastic alternative. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126751. [PMID: 37678682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized post-industrial wheat starch (biological macromolecule) for the development of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) based thermoplastic starch blend (TPS) and biocomposite films. PBAT (70 wt%) was blended with plasticized post-industrial wheat starch (PPWS) (30 wt%) and reinforced with talc master batch (MB) (25 wt%) using a two-step process, consisting of compounding the blend for pellet preparation, followed by the cast film extrusion at 160 °C. The effect of the chain extender was analyzed at compounding temperatures of 160 and 180 °C for talc-based composites. The incorporation of talc MB has increased the thermal stability of the biocomposites due to the nucleating effect of talc. Moreover, tensile strength and Young's modulus increased by about 5 and 517 %, respectively as compared with the TPS blend film without talc MB. Thermal, rheological, and morphological analyses confirmed that the use of talc in the presence of chain extender at a processing temperature of 160 °C has resulted in an enhanced dispersion of talc and chain entanglement with PBAT and PPWS than PBAT/PPWS blend and PBAT/PPWS/Talc composite films. On the other hand, at 180 °C, the talc-containing biocomposite with chain extender tended to form PPWS agglomerates, thereby weakening its material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarsha Surendren
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Pal
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Arturo Rodriguez-Uribe
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shiv Shankar
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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3
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Barletta M, Aversa C, Ayyoob M, Gisario A, Hamad K, Mehrpouya M, Vahabi H. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS): Materials, processing, and industrial applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Liu F, Lu S, Cao W, Huang J, Sun Y, Xu Y, Chen M, Na H, Zhu J. Using Cellulose-graft-Poly(L-lactide) Copolymers as Effective Compatibilizers for the Preparation of Cellulose/Poly(L-lactide) Composites with Enhanced Interfacial Compatibility. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173449. [PMID: 36080525 PMCID: PMC9460752 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose-grafte-poly(L-lactide) (C-g-PLLA) copolymers synthesized in a CO2-switchable solvent are proposed for use as effective compatibilizers for the preparation of cellulose–PLLA composites with enhanced interfacial compatibility. The effect of the molar substitution (MSPLLA) of the grafted PLLA side chain in the C-g-PLLA copolymer and the feeding amount of this copolymer on the mechanical and thermal properties and hydrophilicity of the composites was investigated. The composites had a largely increased impact strength with the incorporation of the compatibilizer. With the increasing of MSPLLA and the feeding amount of the copolymer, the resulting composites had an increased impact strength. When 5 wt% C-g-PLLA with MSPLLA of 4.46 was used as a compatibilizer, the obtained composite containing 20 wt% cellulose presented an impact strength equal to that obtained for the neat PLLA. The composites had a slightly decreased melting temperature and thermal decomposition temperature, but increased hydrophilicity due to the incorporation of the compatibilizer. This work suggests an effective method to improve the interfacial compatibility between cellulose and PLLA for the fabrication of fully bio-based composites with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai, Ningbo 315201, China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316000, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (M.C.); Tel.: +86-580-2554781 (M.C.)
| | - Shan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai, Ningbo 315201, China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Weihong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Juncheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai, Ningbo 315201, China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Yiting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai, Ningbo 315201, China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316000, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (M.C.); Tel.: +86-580-2554781 (M.C.)
| | - Haining Na
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai, Ningbo 315201, China
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5
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Fully Biobased Reactive Extrusion of Biocomposites Based on PLA Blends and Hazelnut Shell Powders (HSP). CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry3040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of biocomposites based on natural fiber waste and biopolymers is constantly increasing because of their renewability, biodegradability, and the accordance with the circular economy principles. The aim of this work is to contrast the disadvantages in the production of biocomposites, such as reduction of molecular weight through the use of biobased chain extenders. For this purpose, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) were used to contrast the slight chain scission observed in a poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) binary blend caused by the melt mixing with hazelnut shell powder (HSP). Two different dimensions of HSPs were considered in this study as well as different concentrations of the ESO/DCA system, comparing succinic acid and malic acid as dicarboxylic acids. Melt viscosity parameters, such as torque and melt volume rate (MVR), were measured to investigate the chain extender effect during the extrusion. In addition, the reactivity of the ESO/DCA system was investigated through infrared spectroscopy. The effect of chain extenders on thermal properties, in particular on the crystallinity of PLA, and on mechanical properties of final biocomposites was investigated to understand their potentialities in industrial application. Results of this study evidenced a modest increase in melt viscosity due to ESO/malic acid chain extension system, but only for the HSP with the lower dimension (so the higher surface area) and adding 0.5 wt.% of ESO/malic acid. Thus, the slight chain scission of polyesters, not significantly affecting the final properties of these biocomposites, is the most relevant effect that was revealed in this complex reactive system.
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6
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Recent advances in compatibility and toughness of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) blends. E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) has good impact strength and high elongation at break. It is used to toughen biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) materials because it can considerably improve the toughness of PLA without changing the biodegradability of the materials. Therefore, this approach has become a hotspot in the field of biodegradable materials. A review of the physical and chemical modification methods that are applied to improve the performance of PLA/PBS blends based on recent studies is presented in this article. The improvement effect of PLA/PBS blends and the addition of some common fillers on the physical properties and crystallization properties of blends in the physical modification method are summarized briefly. The compatibilizing effects of nanofillers and compatibilizing agents necessary to improve the compatibility and toughness of PLA/PBS blends are described in detail. The chemical modification method involving the addition of reactive polymers and low-molecular-weight compounds to form cross-linked/branched structures at the phase interface during in situ reactions was introduced clearly. The addition of reactive compatibilizing components is an effective strategy to improve the compatibility between PLA and PBS components and further improve the mechanical properties and processing properties of the materials. It has high research value and wide application prospects in the modification of PLA. In addition, the degradation performance of PLA/PBS blends and the methods to improve the degradation performance were briefly summarized, and the development direction of PLA/PBS blends biodegradation performance research was prospected.
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7
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Cao Z, Lu G, Gao H, Xue Z, Luo K, Wang K, Cheng J, Guan Q, Liu C, Luo M. Preparation and Laser Marking Properties of Poly(propylene)/Molybdenum Sulfide Composite Materials. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9129-9140. [PMID: 33842782 PMCID: PMC8028170 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, using molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) as laser-sensitive particles and poly(propylene) (PP) as the matrix resin, laser-markable PP/MoS2 composite materials with different MoS2 contents ranging from 0.005 to 0.2% were prepared by melt-blending. A comprehensive analysis of the laser marking performance of PP/MoS2 composites was carried out by controlling the content of laser additives, laser current intensity, and the scanning speed of laser marking. The color difference test shows that the best laser marking performance of the composite can be obtained at the MoS2 content of 0.02 wt %. The surface morphology of the PP/MoS2 composite material was observed after laser marking using a metallographic microscope, an optical microscope, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). During the laser marking process, the laser energy was absorbed and converted into heat energy to cause high-temperature melting, pyrolysis, and carbonization of PP on the surface of the PP/MoS2 composite material. The black marking from carbonized materials was formed in contrast to the white matrix. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, the composite materials before and after laser marking were tested and characterized. The PP/MoS2 composite material was pyrolyzed to form amorphous carbonized materials. The effect of the laser-sensitive MoS2 additive on the mechanical properties of composite materials was investigated. The results show that the PP/MoS2 composite has the best laser marking property when the MoS2 loading content is 0.02 wt %, the laser marking current intensity is 11 A, and the laser marking speed is 800 mm/s, leading to a clear and high-contrast marking pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Key
Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of
Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Changzhou
University Huaide College, Changzhou 213016, P. R. China
- National
Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering
(Changzhou University), Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
- ;
| | - Guangwei Lu
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Gao
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Xue
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Keming Luo
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kailun Wang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Cheng
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qingbao Guan
- Key
Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of
Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Changzhou
University Huaide College, Changzhou 213016, P. R. China
- National
Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering
(Changzhou University), Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- School
of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute
of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P. R. China
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Morphology, Structural, Thermal, and Tensile Properties of Bamboo Microcrystalline Cellulose/Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030465. [PMID: 33535490 PMCID: PMC7867041 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to develop a biodegradable polymer blend that is environmentally friendly and has comparable tensile and thermal properties with synthetic plastics. In this work, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from bamboo-chips-reinforced poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) blend composites were fabricated by melt-mixing at 180 °C and then hot pressing at 180 °C. PBS and MCC (0.5, 1, 1.5 wt%) were added to improve the brittle nature of PLA. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermogravimetry (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), and universal testing machine were used to analyze morphology, crystallinity, physiochemical, thermal, and tensile properties, respectively. The thermal stability of the PLA-PBS blends enhanced on addition of MCC up to 1wt % due to their uniform dispersion in the polymer matrix. Tensile properties declined on addition of PBS and increased with MCC above (0.5 wt%) however except elongation at break increased on addition of PBS then decreased insignificantly on addition of MCC. Thus, PBS and MCC addition in PLA matrix decreases the brittleness, making it a potential contender that could be considered to replace plastics that are used for food packaging.
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Lu G, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang K, Gao H, Luo K, Cao Z, Cheng J, Liu C, Zhang L, Qi J. Surface Laser-Marking and Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer Composites with Organically Modified Montmorillonite. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19255-19267. [PMID: 32775929 PMCID: PMC7409255 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was prepared by modifying MMT with a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The obtained OMMT of different loading contents (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt %) was melt-blended with poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene) (ABS) to prepare a series of ABS/OMMT composites, which were laser marked using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser beam of 1064 nm under different laser current processes. X-ray diffraction (XRD), color difference spectrometer, optical microscope, water contact angle tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy were carried out to characterize the morphology, structure, and properties of the laser-patterned ABS composites. The effects of the addition of OMMT and the laser marking process on the mechanical properties of ABS/OMMT composites were investigated through mechanical property tests. The results show that the obtained ABS/OMMT composites have enhanced laser marking performance, compared to the ABS. When the OMMT content is 2 wt % and the laser current intensity is 9 A, the marking on ABS composites has the highest contrast (ΔE = 36.38) and sharpness, and the quick response (QR) code fabricated can be scanned and identified with a mobile app. SEM and water contact angle tests showed that the holes, narrow cracks, and irregular protrusion are formed on the composite surface after laser marking, resulting in a more hydrophobic surface and an increased water contact angle. Raman spectroscopy and XRD indicate that OMMT can absorb the near-infrared laser energy, undergo photo thermal conversion, and cause the pyrolysis and carbonization of ABS to form black marking, and the crystal structure itself does not change significantly. When the 2 wt % of OMMT is loaded, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of ABS/OMMT are increased by 15, 20, and 14%, respectively, compared to ABS. Compared with the unmarked ABS/OMMT, the defects including holes and cracks generated on the surface of the marked one lead to the decreased mechanical property. The desirable combination of high contrast laser marking performance and mechanical properties can be achieved at an OMMT loading content of 2 wt % and a laser current intensity of 9 A. This research work provides a simple, economical, and environmentally friendly method for laser marking of engineering materials such as ABS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou
University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yinqiu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou
University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou
University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Kailun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou
University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou
University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Keming Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou
University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou
University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers
& Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua
University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
- Changzhou
University Huaide College, Changzhou 213016, P. R. China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science
and Engineering (Changzhou University), Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou
University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou
University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Changzhou
University Huaide College, Changzhou 213016, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing
and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University
of Science and Technology, No. 53 Zhengzhou Rd, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Juan Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou
University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou College of Industrial Technology, No.1 Xiangwang Road, Xuzhou 221140, P. R. China
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10
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Sisti L, Totaro G, Celli A, Marek AA, Verney V, Leroux F. Chain extender effect of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid/layered double hydroxide in biopolyesters containing the succinate moiety. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06322f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid intercalated in Mg2Al/layered double hydroxide has been used as a filler in biopolyesters containing the succinate moiety, with the aim of inducing a chain extender effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sisti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica
- Ambientale e dei Materiali
- Università di Bologna
- 40131 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Grazia Totaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica
- Ambientale e dei Materiali
- Università di Bologna
- 40131 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Annamaria Celli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica
- Ambientale e dei Materiali
- Università di Bologna
- 40131 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Adam A. Marek
- Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Petrochemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Vincent Verney
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont Ferrand (ICCF) – UMR
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- 63177 AUBIERE (Cedex)
- France
| | - Fabrice Leroux
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont Ferrand (ICCF) – UMR
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- 63177 AUBIERE (Cedex)
- France
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11
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Platnieks O, Gaidukovs S, Barkane A, Gaidukova G, Grase L, Thakur VK, Filipova I, Fridrihsone V, Skute M, Laka M. Highly Loaded Cellulose/Poly (butylene succinate) Sustainable Composites for Woody-Like Advanced Materials Application. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010121. [PMID: 31905645 PMCID: PMC6982959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the manufacturing and characterization of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and micro cellulose (MCC) woody-like composites. These composites can be applied as a sustainable woody-like composite alternative to conventional fossil polymer-based wood-plastic composites (WPC). The PBS/MCC composites were prepared by using a melt blending of 70 wt% of MCC processed from bleached softwood. MCC was modified to enhance dispersion and compatibility by way of carbodiimide (CDI), polyhydroxy amides (PHA), alkyl ester (EST), (3-Aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS), maleic acid anhydride (MAH), and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI). The addition of filler into PBS led to a 4.5-fold improvement of Young’s modulus E for the MCC composite, in comparison to neat PBS. The 1.6-fold increase of E was obtained for CDI modified composition in comparison to the unmodified MCC composite. At room temperature, the storage modulus E′ was found to improve by almost 4-fold for the APTMS composite. The EST composite showed a pronounced enhancement in viscoelasticity properties due to the introduction of flexible long alkyl chains in comparison to other compositions. The glass transition temperature was directly affected by the composition and its value was −15 °C for PBS, −30 °C for EST, and −10 °C for MAH composites. FTIR indicated the generation of strong bonding between the polymer and cellulose components in the composite. Scanning electron microscopy analysis evidenced the agglomeration of the MCC in the PBS/MCC composites. PMDI, APTMS, and CDI composites were characterized by the uniform dispersion of MCC particles and a decrease of polymer crystallinity. MCC chemical modification induced the enhancement of the thermal stability of MCC composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskars Platnieks
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, Latvia; (O.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, Latvia; (O.P.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anda Barkane
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, Latvia; (O.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Gerda Gaidukova
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Liga Grase
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Silicate Materials, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK;
| | - Inese Filipova
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV, 1006 Riga, Latvia; (I.F.); (V.F.); (M.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Velta Fridrihsone
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV, 1006 Riga, Latvia; (I.F.); (V.F.); (M.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Marite Skute
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV, 1006 Riga, Latvia; (I.F.); (V.F.); (M.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Marianna Laka
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV, 1006 Riga, Latvia; (I.F.); (V.F.); (M.S.); (M.L.)
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12
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Ma M, Xu L, Liu K, Chen S, He H, Shi Y, Wang X. Effect of triphenyl phosphite as a reactive compatibilizer on the properties of poly(
L
‐lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Huiwen He
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Yanqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
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13
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Xia M, Shi K, Zhou M, Shen Y, Wang T. Effects of chain extender and uniaxial stretching on the properties of PLA/PPC/mica composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Xia
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Kunxiang Shi
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Mingzhu Zhou
- Suqian Advanced Materials Institute of NanjingTech University Suqian China
| | - Yucai Shen
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Suqian Advanced Materials Institute of NanjingTech University Suqian China
| | - Tingwei Wang
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Suqian Advanced Materials Institute of NanjingTech University Suqian China
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14
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The morphological, mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of PLA/PBAT blown films with chain extender. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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