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Estrada-Girón Y, Fernández-Escamilla VVA, Martín-del-Campo A, González-Nuñez R, Canché-Escamilla G, Uribe-Calderón J, Tepale N, Aguilar J, Moscoso-Sánchez FJ. Characterization of Polylactic Acid Biocomposites Filled with Native Starch Granules from Dioscorea remotiflora Tubers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:899. [PMID: 38611157 PMCID: PMC11013063 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biocomposites were fabricated utilizing polylactic acid (PLA) combined with native starch sourced from mountain's yam (Dioscorea remotiflora Knuth), an underexplored tuber variety. Different starch compositions (7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0 wt.%) were blended with PLA in a batch mixer at 160 °C to produce PLA/starch biocomposites. The biocomposites were characterized by analyzing their morphology, particle size distribution, thermal, X-ray diffraction (XDR), mechanical, and dynamic mechanical (DMA) properties, water absorption behavior, and color. The results showed that the amylose content of Dioscorea remotiflora starch was 48.43 ± 1.4%, which corresponds to a high-amylose starch (>30% of amylose). Particle size analysis showed large z-average particle diameters (Dz0) of the starch granules (30.59 ± 3.44 μm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed oval-shaped granules evenly distributed throughout the structure of the biocomposite, without observable agglomeration or damage to its structure. XDR and DMA analyses revealed an increase in the crystallinity of the biocomposites as the proportion of the starch increased. The tensile modulus (E) underwent a reduction, whereas the flexural modulus (Eflex) increased with the amount of starch incorporated. The biocomposites with the highest Eflex were those with a starch content of 22.5 wt.%, which increased by 8.7% compared to the neat PLA. The water absorption of the biocomposites demonstrated a higher uptake capacity as the starch content increased. The rate of water absorption in the biocomposites followed the principles of Fick's Law. The novelty of this work lies in its offering an alternative for the use of high-amylose mountain's yam starch to produce low-cost bioplastics for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yokiushirdhilgilmara Estrada-Girón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Víctor Vladimir Amílcar Fernández-Escamilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Tecnológicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Col. Lindavista, Ocotlán 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Angelina Martín-del-Campo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rubén González-Nuñez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Canché-Escamilla
- Unidad Académica de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Uribe-Calderón
- Unidad Académica de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Nancy Tepale
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur S/N, Col. San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jacobo Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias Tecnológicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Col. Lindavista, Ocotlán 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Moscoso-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
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Chen H, Chen F, Chen H, Liu H, Chen L, Yu L. Thermal degradation and combustion properties of most popular synthetic biodegradable polymers. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:431-441. [PMID: 36250214 PMCID: PMC9925886 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221129054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Various products made from biodegradable polymers have been increasing rapidly in the market since the use of non-biodegradable materials has been banned, particularly for the disabled packaging materials. Burning remains the most popular method that is increasingly used in treating city wastes. The impact of these polymers on environmental during thermal degradation and combustion is an important issue for city waste management. In this work, the thermal degradation and combustion behaviours of the most popular synthetic biodegradable polymers in the market, poly(lactide acid) (PLA), poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polyhydroxyalkenoates (PHA), are investigated. Both isothermal and non-isothermal thermal decomposition in oxygen and nitrogen environment were studied using thermogravimetric analysis combining with differential scanning calorimeter and coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy. The combustion behaviour was investigated by a combustion colorimeter. The study results show that thermal degradation temperatures are PCL > PBS > PLA > PBAT > PHA. The thermal decomposition of all the polyesters started from scission reaction (cis-elimination), and then a stereoselective cis-elimination, which resulted in the formation of trans-crotonic acid and its oligomers. They all decomposed into CO2 and water in excess oxygen environment above 800°C. Various chemical products with smaller molecules were detected under oxygen-free conditions, including oligomers and unsaturated carboxylic acid. The order of the total heat release of the materials from high to low is as follows: PHA > PCL > PBAT > PBS > PLA. The combustion values of these polyesters are lower than those of polyolefins; thus, they will not damage furnace used currently. The results provide some important and useful data for managing these new city waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Long Yu
- Long Yu, Centre for Polymer from
Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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3
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Critical Review on Polylactic Acid: Properties, Structure, Processing, Biocomposites, and Nanocomposites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124312. [PMID: 35744371 PMCID: PMC9228835 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials are emerging as a vital entity for the sustainable development of both humans and the environment. Polylactic acid (PLA) has been recognized as a potential polymer candidate with attractive characteristics for applications in both the engineering and medical sectors. Hence, the present article throws lights on the essential physical and mechanical properties of PLA that can be beneficial for the development of composites, biocomposites, films, porous gels, and so on. The article discusses various processes that can be utilized in the fabrication of PLA-based composites. In a later section, we have a detailed discourse on the various composites and nanocomposites-based PLA along with the properties’ comparisons, discussing our investigation on the effects of various fibers, fillers, and nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of PLA. Lastly, the various applications in which PLA is used extensively are discussed in detail.
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Nagy B, Miskolczi N, Eller Z. Improving Mechanical Properties of PLA/Starch Blends Using Masterbatch Containing Vegetable Oil Based Active Ingredients. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172981. [PMID: 34503021 PMCID: PMC8434555 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to increase the compatibility between PLA and starch with vegetable oil-based additives. Based on tensile results, it can be stated, that Charpy impact strength could be improved for 70/30 and 60/40 blends in both unconditioned and conditioned cases, regardless of vegetable oil, while no advantageous change in impact strength was obtained with PLA-g-MA. Considering sample with the highest starch concentration (50%), the flexural modulus was improved by using sunflower oil-based additive, Charpy impact strength and elongation at break was increased using rapeseed oil-based additive in both conditioned and unconditioned cases. SEM images confirmed the improvement of compatibility between components.
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Potential Chemicals from Plastic Wastes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113175. [PMID: 34073300 PMCID: PMC8199254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic is referred to as a “material of every application”. From the packaging and automotive industries to the medical apparatus and computer electronics sectors, plastic materials are fulfilling demands efficiently. These plastics usually end up in landfills and incinerators, creating plastic waste pollution. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in 2015, 9.1% of the plastic materials generated in the U.S. municipal solid waste stream was recycled, 15.5% was combusted for energy, and 75.4% was sent to landfills. If we can produce high-value chemicals from plastic wastes, a range of various product portfolios can be created. This will help to transform chemical industries, especially the petrochemical and plastic sectors. In turn, we can manage plastic waste pollution, reduce the consumption of virgin petroleum, and protect human health and the environment. This review provides a description of chemicals that can be produced from different plastic wastes and the research challenges involved in plastic waste to chemical production. This review also provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art processes to help future system designers in the plastic waste to chemicals area.
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Iuliano A, Fabiszewska A, Kozik K, Rzepna M, Ostrowska J, Dębowski M, Plichta A. Effect of Electron-Beam Radiation and Other Sterilization Techniques on Structural, Mechanical and Microbiological Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Blend. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2021; 29:1489-1504. [PMID: 33250673 PMCID: PMC7679798 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-020-01972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the potential application of various sterilization methods for microorganism inactivation on the thermoplastic starch blend surface. The influence of the e-beam and UV radiation, ethanol, isopropanol and microwave autoclave on structural and packaging properties were studied. All the applied methods were successful in the inactivation of yeast and molds, however only the e-beam radiation was able to remove the bacterial microflora. The FTIR analysis revealed no significant changes in the polymer structure, nevertheless, a deterioration of the mechanical properties of the blend was observed. The least invasive method was the UV radiation which did not affect the mechanical parameters and additionally improved the barrier properties of the tested material. Moreover, it was proved that during the e-beam radiation the chain scission and cross-linking occurred. The non-irradiated and irradiated samples were subjected to the enzymatic degradation studies performed in the presence of amylase. The results indicated that irradiation accelerated the decomposition of material, which was confirmed by the measurements of weight loss, and mass of glucose and starch released to the solution in the course of biodegradation, as well as the FTIR and thermal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Iuliano
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Fabiszewska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kozik
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rzepna
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Ostrowska
- Department of Organic Technologies, The Łukasiewicz Research Network – New Chemical Syntheses Institute, al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13A, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Maciej Dębowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Plichta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Zaaba NF, Jaafar M. A review on degradation mechanisms of polylactic acid: Hydrolytic, photodegradative, microbial, and enzymatic degradation. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Fasihah Zaaba
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources EngineeringEngineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang 14300 Malaysia
| | - Mariatti Jaafar
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources EngineeringEngineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang 14300 Malaysia
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Venkateshaiah A, Padil VV, Nagalakshmaiah M, Waclawek S, Černík M, Varma RS. Microscopic Techniques for the Analysis of Micro and Nanostructures of Biopolymers and Their Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E512. [PMID: 32120773 PMCID: PMC7182842 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural biopolymers, a class of materials extracted from renewable sources, is garnering interest due to growing concerns over environmental safety; biopolymers have the advantage of biocompatibility and biodegradability, an imperative requirement. The synthesis of nanoparticles and nanofibers from biopolymers provides a green platform relative to the conventional methods that use hazardous chemicals. However, it is challenging to characterize these nanoparticles and fibers due to the variation in size, shape, and morphology. In order to evaluate these properties, microscopic techniques such as optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are essential. With the advent of new biopolymer systems, it is necessary to obtain insights into the fundamental structures of these systems to determine their structural, physical, and morphological properties, which play a vital role in defining their performance and applications. Microscopic techniques perform a decisive role in revealing intricate details, which assists in the appraisal of microstructure, surface morphology, chemical composition, and interfacial properties. This review highlights the significance of various microscopic techniques incorporating the literature details that help characterize biopolymers and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Venkateshaiah
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Vinod V.T. Padil
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Malladi Nagalakshmaiah
- IMT Lille Douai, Department of Polymers and Composites Technology and Mechanical Engineering (TPCIM), 941 rue Charles Bourseul, CS10838, F-59508 Douai, France
| | - Stanisław Waclawek
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Singh H, Punia R, Ganesh A, Duttagupta A, Kaur A, Blennow A. Modification of Moth Bean Starch Using Mixture of Organic Acids under Dry Heating. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harinder Singh
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMotilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagraj211004Uttar PradeshIndia
| | - Rakesh Punia
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMotilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagraj211004Uttar PradeshIndia
| | - Aditya Ganesh
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMotilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagraj211004Uttar PradeshIndia
| | - Arijit Duttagupta
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMotilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagraj211004Uttar PradeshIndia
| | - Amrit Kaur
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyGuru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar143 005PunjabIndia
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen40 ThorvaldsensvejDK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
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Ali A, Chen Y, Liu H, Yu L, Baloch Z, Khalid S, Zhu J, Chen L. Starch-based antimicrobial films functionalized by pomegranate peel. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:1120-1126. [PMID: 30218726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, pomegranate peel (PGP) as an antimicrobial agent as well as a reinforcing agent was utilized in developing starch-based films. Hydroxypropyl high-amylose starch plasticized by water and glycerol was used in this work. The microstructure and performance of films were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic mechanical analyzer, tensile testing, drop impact testing and disc diffusion test. Results clearly demonstrated that PGP inhibited the growth of both gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (Salmonella) bacteria. Meanwhile, PGP also increased Young's modulus, tensile strength and stiffness of the starch-based films. Both OM and SEM observations indicated reasonably good compatibility between starch and PGP particles. The XRD results indicated that PGP retained its semi-crystalline structure in the film, which can be used to explain the mechanism of mechanical reinforcement. Since all the components are food ingredients, so it is expected that the developed material can be used as an edible film and food grade packaging material.
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Development and characterization of biodegradable antimicrobial packaging films based on polycaprolactone, starch and pomegranate rind hybrids. Food Packag Shelf Life 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Interference of Biodegradable Plastics in the Polypropylene Recycling Process. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11101886. [PMID: 30279367 PMCID: PMC6213196 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recycling polymers is common due to the need to reduce the environmental impact of these materials. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the polymers called ‘commodities polymers’ and it is commonly used in a wide variety of short-term applications such as food packaging and agricultural products. That is why a large amount of PP residues that can be recycled are generated every year. However, the current increasing introduction of biodegradable polymers in the food packaging industry can negatively affect the properties of recycled PP if those kinds of plastics are disposed with traditional plastics. For this reason, the influence that generates small amounts of biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) in the recycled PP were analyzed in this work. Thus, recycled PP was blended with biodegradables polymers by melt extrusion followed by injection moulding process to simulate the industrial conditions. Then, the obtained materials were evaluated by studding the changes on the thermal and mechanical performance. The results revealed that the vicat softening temperature is negatively affected by the presence of biodegradable polymers in recycled PP. Meanwhile, the melt flow index was negatively affected for PLA and PHB added blends. The mechanical properties were affected when more than 5 wt.% of biodegradable polymers were present. Moreover, structural changes were detected when biodegradable polymers were added to the recycled PP by means of FTIR, because of the characteristic bands of the carbonyl group (between the band 1700–1800 cm−1) appeared due to the presence of PLA, PHB or TPS. Thus, low amounts (lower than 5 wt.%) of biodegradable polymers can be introduced in the recycled PP process without affecting the overall performance of the final material intended for several applications, such as food packaging, agricultural films for farming and crop protection.
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