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Yan P, Kang S, Ma L. The Influence of Glass Fiber/Glass Fiber Powder with β-Nucleating Agent on the Properties of Polypropylene. INT J POLYM SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1240792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP/GF) has been widely used due to its high stiffness, but for some applications that need low-module characteristics, PP/GF will have limitations due to its lower toughness, so it is necessary to develop glass fiber-modified polypropylene with good stiffness–toughness balance performance. In this study, two average length glass fibers (4.5 mm and 12 mm) and glass fiber powder, combined with β-nucleating agent, were used to investigate the effects on the crystallization and mechanical properties of polypropylene. The results show that compared with glass fiber, glass fiber powder cooperates with β-nucleating agent reinforced polypropylene composite showed good stiffness–toughness balance performance, and β-crystals were found in the composite measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), the presence of β-crystals can improve the toughness of the composite.
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Zhang X, Shi J, Zhou J, Nan J. Nucleation effect of cellulose nanocrystals/polybutylene succinate composite filler on polylactic acid/polybutylene succinate blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelet-Reinforced Polypropylene Nanocomposites: Effects of Nanofiller Thickness. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, polypropylene (PP) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNPs) composites are routed through twin screw mixing and injection moulding. Two types of GNPs with a fixed size of 25 µm with surface areas ranging from 50–80 m2/g (H25, average thickness 15 nm) and 120–150 m2/g (M25, average thickness 6–8 nm) were blended with PP at loading rates of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weight%. Mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strengths and Young’s modulus (Ε) are determined. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and polarised light microscopy (PLM) techniques are used to understand the crystallisation, thermal, dynamic mechanical, and structural behaviour of the prepared composites. The improvement of mechanical strength is observed with GNP loading for both grades. Decreasing the GNP thickness decreases the impact strength and on the other hand improves the tensile and flexural strengths and Young’s modulus. Maximum tensile (≈33 MPa) and flexural (≈58.81 MPa) strength is found for the composite carrying 5 wt% M25. However, maximum impact strength (0.197 J) is found for PP-5 wt% H25. XRD analysis confirms GNPs have an induction effect on PP’s β phase crystal structure. The PP-GNP composite exhibits better thermal stability based on determining the TD (degradation temperature), T10 (temperature at 10% weight loss), T50 (temperature at 50% weight loss), and TR (temperature at residual weight). Enhancement in melt (Tm) and crystallisation temperatures (Tc) is are observed due to a heterogeneous nucleation effect. The FESEM analysis concludes that the GNP thickness has a significant effect on the degree of dispersion and agglomeration. The smaller the thickness, the better is the dispersion and the lower is the agglomeration. Overall, the use of thinner GNPs is more advantageous in improving the polymer properties.
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Crystallization Behavior and Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071198. [PMID: 31319580 PMCID: PMC6680460 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass fiber with different content and different kinds of compatibilizers were used to prepare glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (GFRP) composites. β-nucleating agent with different content was used to prepare β-polypropylene (PP), after which the toughness, crystallization ability and heat resistance were all enhanced. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) showed that the crystallite degree and crystallization ability were all greatly improved and β-PP was in dominant position. At last, both β-nucleating agent and glass fiber were used to modify the PP composites (β-GFRP). The formation of β-form PP made the matrix softer, which was beneficial for energy absorption and enhancement of toughness. The tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved dramatically, which were attributed to the coeffect of framework structure of GF and β-form PP.
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Yue Y, Feng J. Structure evolution upon heating and cooling and its effects on nucleation performance: A review on aromatic amide β‐nucleating agents for isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai China
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Ai W, Liu S, Zhang J, Miao S, Wei C. Mechanical and nonisothermal crystallization properties of coal gasification fine slag glass bead‐filled polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Ai
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin University Changchun 130025 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin University Changchun 130025 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiupeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin University Changchun 130025 People's Republic of China
| | - Shiding Miao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin University Changchun 130025 People's Republic of China
| | - Cundi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin University Changchun 130025 People's Republic of China
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Yang C, Zhao Q, Xing Z, Zhang W, Zhang M, Tan H, Wang J, Wu G. Improving the Supercritical CO₂ Foaming of Polypropylene by the Addition of Fluoroelastomer as a Nucleation Agent. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E226. [PMID: 30960210 PMCID: PMC6419069 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a small amount of fluoroelastomer (FKM) was used as a nucleating agent to prepare well-defined microporous PP foam by supercritical CO₂. It was observed that solid FKM was present as the nanoscale independent phase in PP matrix and the FKM could induce a mass of CO₂ aggregation, which significantly enhanced the diffusion rate of CO₂ in PP. The resultant PP/FKM foams exhibited much smaller cell size (~24 μm), and more than 16 times cell density (3.2 × 10⁸ cells/cm³) as well as a much more uniform cell size distribution. PP/FKM foams possessed major concurrent enhancement in their tensile stress and compressive stress compared to neat PP foam. We believe that the added FKM played a key role in enhancing the heterogeneous nucleation, combined with the change of local strain in the multiple-phase system, which was responsible for the considerably improved cell morphology of PP foaming. This work provides a deep understanding of the scCO₂ foaming behavior of PP in the presence of FKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Maojiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Hairong Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Liu X, Liu Y, Fang Y, Zhu D, Wang X, Yang B. Improving the impact strength of polypropylene/carbon fiber composites via β‐modification and annealing treatment. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Fang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xinling Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
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