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Tianyi M, Weiwen G, Wang Y, Wang W, Rui W. Thermal degradation and flame retardancy prediction of Fe, Al, and Cu-based metal-organic framework and polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposites using DFT calculation. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Simultaneously enhance the fire safety and mechanical properties of PLA by incorporating a cyclophosphazene-based flame retardant. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The application of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has been limited in flame-retardant field, and flame-retardant modification usually deteriorates its mechanical properties. In this study, a reactive flame-retardant hexa(ethylene oxide)-cyclotriphosphazene (HCCP-EP) was synthesized and used to improve the fire retardancy of PLA. As a result, the limiting oxygen index of PLA increased from 19.5% to 27.3% with an addition of 3 wt% HCCP-EP, and the PLA/HCCP-EP blend reached to underwriters laboratories (UL)-94 V-0 rating. The cone calorimeter test results showed that the peak heat release rate and total heat release of PLA decreased by 12.6% and 18.5%, respectively. Interestingly, the tensile strength of PLA increased slightly after the incorporation of HCCP-EP. The improved mechanical properties are ascribed to the fine dispersion of HCCP-EP and the coupling reaction between the epoxy groups of the HCCP-EP and the terminal groups of PLA during the melt processing.
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Usri SNK, Jamain Z, Makmud MZH. A Review on Synthesis, Structural, Flame Retardancy and Dielectric Properties of Hexasubstituted Cyclotriphosphazene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2916. [PMID: 34502956 PMCID: PMC8433970 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene is a ring compound consisting of an alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atom with two chlorine substituents attached to the phosphorus atom. The six chlorine atoms attached to this cyclo compound can be substituted with any different nucleophile that leads to changes in different chemical and physical properties. The major topics that were investigated in this research are the flame retardancy and dielectric properties of cyclotriphosphazene compounds. Cyclotriphosphazene compounds have high potential to act as a flame retardant, and this compound consists of two active elements attributed to its high flame-retardant character. This compound also demonstrated good ability as a flame retardant due to its low toxicity and less smoke produced. In addition, cyclotriphosphazene compounds were also investigated for their dielectric properties. Cyclotriphosphazene has high potential in the electrical field since it has dielectric properties that can be widely studied in the investigation of any potential application. This review presented literature studies focused on recent research development and studies in the field of cyclotriphosphazene that focused on synthesis, structural, flame retardancy, and dielectric properties of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuhair Jamain
- Sustainable Materials and Renewable Energy (SMRE) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (S.N.K.U.); (M.Z.H.M.)
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Mituła K, Duszczak J, Rzonsowska M, Żak P, Dudziec B. Polysiloxanes Grafted with Mono(alkenyl)Silsesquioxanes-Particular Concept for Their Connection. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214784. [PMID: 33114766 PMCID: PMC7662624 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a facile and efficient synthetic route to unique hybrid materials containing polysiloxanes and mono(alkyl)silsesquioxanes as their pendant modifiers (T8@PS) was demonstrated. The idea of this work was to apply the hydrosilylation reaction as a tool for the efficient and selective attachment of mono(alkenyl)substituted silsesquioxanes (differing in the alkenyl chain length, from -vinyl to -dec-9-enyl and types of inert groups iBu, Ph at the inorganic core) onto two polysiloxanes containing various amount of Si-H units. The synthetic protocol, determined and confirmed by FT-IR in situ and NMR analyses, was optimized to ensure complete Si-H consumption along with the avoidance of side-products. A series of 20 new compounds with high yields and complete β-addition selectivity was obtained and characterized by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mituła
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (J.D.); (M.R.); (P.Ż.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (B.D.); Tel.: +48-61-829-1878 (B.D.)
| | - Julia Duszczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (J.D.); (M.R.); (P.Ż.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Rzonsowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (J.D.); (M.R.); (P.Ż.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Żak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (J.D.); (M.R.); (P.Ż.)
| | - Beata Dudziec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (J.D.); (M.R.); (P.Ż.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (B.D.); Tel.: +48-61-829-1878 (B.D.)
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Preparation of Tri(alkenyl)functional Open-Cage Silsesquioxanes as Specific Polymer Modifiers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051063. [PMID: 32384702 PMCID: PMC7285154 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific reports on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes are mostly focused on the formation of completely condensed T8 cubic type structures and recently so-called double-decker derivatives. Herein, we report on efficient synthetic routes leading to trifunctionalized, open-cage silsesquioxanes with alkenyl groups of varying chain lengths from -vinyl to -dec-9-enyl and two types of inert groups (iBu, Ph) at the silsesquioxane core. The presented methodology was focused on hydrolytic condensation reaction and it enabled obtaining titled compounds with high yields and purity. A parallel synthetic methodology that was based on the hydrosilylation reaction was also studied. Additionally, a thorough characterization of the obtained compounds was performed, also in terms of their thermal stability, melting and crystallization temperatures (TGA and DSC) in order to show the changes in the abovementioned parameters dependent on the type of reactive as well as inert groups at Si-O-Si core. The presence of unsaturated alkenyl groups has a profound impact on the application potential of these systems, i.e., as modifiers or comonomers for copolymerization reaction.
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Study on the effects of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane on compatibility, crystallization behavior and thermal stability of polylactic acid/polycaprolactone blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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