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Cui X, Wei TC, Guo LM, Xu GY, Zhang K, Zhang QS, Xu X, Wang GY, Li L, Liang HW, Wang L, Cui X. Vancomycin-Loaded Sol-Gel System for In Situ Coating of Artificial Bone to Prevent Surgical Site Infections. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400078. [PMID: 39012275 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Surgical site infections (SSIs) related to implants have always been a major challenge for clinical doctors and patients. Clinically, doctors may directly apply antibiotics into the wound to prevent SSIs. However, this strategy is strongly associated with experience of doctors on the amount and the location of antibiotics. Herein, an in situ constructable sol-gel system is developed containing antibiotics during surgical process and validated the efficacy against SSIs in beagles. The system involves chitosan (CS), β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) and vancomycin (VAN), which can be adsorbed onto porous hydroxyapatite (HA) and form VAN-CS/β-GP@HA hydrogel in a short time. The VAN concentration from VAN-CS/β-GP@HA hydrogel is higher than minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) at the 21st day in vitro. In an in vivo canine model for the prevention of SSIs in the femoral condyle, VAN-CS/β-GP@HA exhibits excellent biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, and promotion of bone healing. In all, the CS/β-GP instant sol-gel system is able to in situ encapsulate antibiotics and adhere on artificial bone implants during the surgery, effectively preventing SSIs related to implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cui
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, No.11 Diamond South Road, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Jia No.17 Heishanhu road, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tian-Ci Wei
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, No.11 Diamond South Road, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Jia No.17 Heishanhu road, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lu-Ming Guo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Jia No.17 Heishanhu road, Beijing, 100091, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Beiyiduan, Second Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Guo-Yang Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qing-Shi Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiong Xu
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, No.11 Diamond South Road, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xingtai First Hospital, No.376 Shunde Road, Qiaodong, Xingtai, Hebei, 054000, China
| | - Litao Li
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, No.11 Diamond South Road, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Jia No.17 Heishanhu road, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hong-Wen Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, No.11 Diamond South Road, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Jia No.17 Heishanhu road, Beijing, 100091, China
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Carrêlo H, Jiménez-Rosado M, Vieira T, Da Rosa RR, Perez-Puyana VM, Silva JC, Romero A, Borges JP, Soares PIP. A Thermoresponsive injectable drug delivery system of chitosan/β-glycerophosphate with gellan gum/alginate microparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:131981. [PMID: 38811317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The development of new Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) by incorporating microparticles within hydrogels can prolong the release rate of drugs and/or other bioactive agents. In this study, we combined gellan gum/alginate microparticles within a thermoresponsive chitosan (Ch) hydrogel with β-Glycerophosphate (β-GP), designing the system to be in the sol state at 21 °C and in the gel state at 37 °C to enable the injectability of the system. The system was in the sol state between 10 °C and 21 °C. Higher concentrations of β-GP (0, 2, 3, 4, 5 w/v%) and microparticles (0, 2 and 5 w/v%) allowed a faster sol-gel transition with higher mechanical strength at 37 °C. However, the sol-gel transition was not instantaneous. The release profile of methylene blue (MB) from the microparticles was significantly affected by their incorporation in Ch/β-GP hydrogels, only allowing the release of 60-70 % of MB for 6 days, while the microparticles alone released all the MB in 48 h. The proposed system did not present cytotoxicity to VERO cell lines as a preliminary assay, with the Ch/β-GP/GG:Alg having >90 % of cellular viability. The proposed Ch/β-GP system proved to have a delaying effect on drug release and biocompatible properties, being a promising future DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Carrêlo
- CENIMAT/i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology (NOVA FCT), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - M Jiménez-Rosado
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Tânia Vieira
- CENIMAT/i3N, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology (NOVA FCT), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rafaela R Da Rosa
- CENIMAT/i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology (NOVA FCT), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- CENIMAT/i3N, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology (NOVA FCT), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - A Romero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - J P Borges
- CENIMAT/i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology (NOVA FCT), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Paula I P Soares
- CENIMAT/i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology (NOVA FCT), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Wei W, Wang M, Liu Z, Zheng W, Tremblay PL, Zhang T. An antibacterial nanoclay- and chitosan-based quad composite with controlled drug release for infected skin wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121507. [PMID: 37985094 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections of surgical sites and other wounds represent a major impediment for patients. Multifunctional low-cost dressings promoting tissue reparation while preventing infections are of great interest to medical professionals. Here, clay-based laponite nanodiscs (LAP) were loaded with the antibacterial drug kanamycin (KANA) before being embedded into a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) membrane and coated with the biopolymer chitosan (CS). Results indicated that these biocompatible materials combined the excellent capacity of LAP for controlled drug release with the mechanical robustness of PLGA and the antibacterial properties of CS as well as its hydrophilicity to form a composite highly suitable as an infection-preventing wound dressing. In vitro, PLGA/LAP/KANA/CS released drugs in a sustainable manner over 30 d, completely inhibited the growth of infectious bacteria, prompted the adhesion fibroblasts, and accelerated their proliferation 1.3 times. In vivo, the composite enabled the fast healing of infected full-thickness skin wounds with a 96.19 % contraction after 14 d. During the healing process, PLGA/LAP/KANA/CS stimulated re-epithelization, reduced inflammation, and promoted both angiogenesis and the formation of dense collagen fibers with an excellent final collagen volume ratio of 89.27 %. Thus, multifunctional PLGA/LAP/KANA/CS made of low-cost components demonstrated its potential for the treatment of infected skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mayue Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ziru Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, PR China
| | - Wen Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Pier-Luc Tremblay
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, PR China; Shaoxing Institute for Advanced Research, Wuhan University of Technology, Shaoxing 312300, PR China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, PR China; Shaoxing Institute for Advanced Research, Wuhan University of Technology, Shaoxing 312300, PR China.
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4
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Kalkan B, Bozbay R, Ciftbudak S, Orakdogen N. Rationally designed chitosan-interpenetrated cryobeads functionalized with polyacrylamide chains: Comparative analysis by Hertzian model and rubber elasticity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127483. [PMID: 37863149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of the synthesis of polymer microspheres and millimeter-sized gel beads has gained importance due to efficiency and design advantages in applications. A systematic study is presented to allow for a molecular-based understanding of elasticity of crosslinked-chitosan (CS) beads. Unique results were obtained examining the effect of polymerization temperature and gel-preparation form on physico-mechanical properties of CS-incorporated poly (N-isopropylacrylamide‑sodium acrylate)/polyacrylamide, PNIPA/PAAm-CS, beads. ATR-FTIR, and thermogravimetric analysis results confirmed the successful preparation and enhanced thermal stability of CS-based gel beads in the form of semi-IPN. The structural changes of semi-IPN gels were studied based on powder X-ray diffraction analysis. After being incorporated with CS, the cryopolymerization was carried out under cryo-conditions, and PNIPA/PAAm structure became much more resistant to mechanical load. Addition of CS to semi-IPN structure caused a 2-fold increase in compressive elastic modulus, while the gel preparation under cryoconditions also improved the mechanical properties considerably by lowering the polymerization temperature. The scaling parameter calculations estimated by Hertz model for PNIPA/PAAm-CS semi-IPN cryobeads are related to displacement of compression force with an exponent of 1.63 ± 0.19. As cryobead diameter increased, swelling degree tendency increased, while a decrease in modulus was observed with increasing swelling. The presence of CS in semi-IPNs improved pH-response in an acidic environment, but stiffness of CS reduced the shrinkage ability of cryobeads upon increasing swelling temperature. Based on the interaction between semi-IPN structure and salt solutions, an improvement in elastic modulus was observed in various ammonium salts and sodium tripolyphosphate solution. On-off switching of cryobeads was a reversible process that was consistent with changes in ammonium salt concentration. Qualitative comparisons with experimental results showed that the prepared cryobeads can be designed as drug release carriers by ionic strength-switching modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgul Kalkan
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Soft Materials Research Laboratory, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Present Address: Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Rabia Bozbay
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Soft Materials Research Laboratory, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sena Ciftbudak
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Soft Materials Research Laboratory, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nermin Orakdogen
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Soft Materials Research Laboratory, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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5
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Durán E, Neira-Carrillo A, Oyarzun-Ampuero F, Valenzuela C. Thermosensitive Chitosan Hydrogels: A Potential Strategy for Prolonged Iron Dextran Parenteral Supplementation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:139. [PMID: 38201804 PMCID: PMC10780544 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) presents a global health challenge, impacting crucial development stages in humans and other mammals. Pigs, having physiological and metabolic similarities with humans, are a valuable model for studying and preventing anemia. Commonly, a commercial iron dextran formulation (CIDF) with iron dextran particles (IDPs) is intramuscularly administered for IDA prevention in pigs, yet its rapid metabolism limits preventive efficacy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate chitosan thermosensitive hydrogels (CTHs) as a novel parenteral iron supplementation strategy, promoting IDPs' prolonged release and mitigating their rapid metabolism. These CTHs, loaded with IDPs (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g of theoretical iron/g of chitosan), were characterized for IM iron supplementation. Exhibiting thermosensitivity, these formulations facilitated IM injection at ~4 °C, and its significant increasing viscosity at 25-37 °C physically entrapped the IDPs within the chitosan's hydrophobic gel without chemical bonding. In vitro studies showed CIDF released all the iron in 6 h, while CTH0.4 had a 40% release in 72 h, mainly through Fickian diffusion. The controlled release of CTHs was attributed to the physical entrapment of IDPs within the CTHs' gel, which acts as a diffusion barrier. CTHs would be an effective hydrogel prototype for prolonged-release parenteral iron supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Durán
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11.735, La Pintana 8820808, Santiago, Chile;
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11.315, La Pintana 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrónico Neira-Carrillo
- Laboratorios de Materiales Bio-Relacionados (CIMAT) y Síntesis y Caracterización de Polímeros Funcionalizados y Biomoléculas (POLYFORMS), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11.735, La Pintana 8820808, Santiago, Chile;
| | - Felipe Oyarzun-Ampuero
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia 8380494, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Valenzuela
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11.735, La Pintana 8820808, Santiago, Chile;
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Zhang W, Liu H, Yan L, Mei X, Hou Z. Combining emulsion electrospinning with surface functionalization to fabricate multistructural PLA/CS@ZIF-8 nanofiber membranes toward pH-responsive dual drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126506. [PMID: 37659502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Developing of the multifunctional polymeric carrier for controlled drug release is still one of most challenging task. In this work, a pH-responsive dual drug delivery system was designed and prepared based on the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). The poly(lactic acid)/chitosan (PLA/CS) core-shell nanofiber membranes by emulsion electrospinning, which the hydrophilic drug (Astragalus Polysacharin, APS) was encapsulated in the CS core and the hydrophobic drug (Camptothecin, CPT) was loaded into the PLA shell, respectively. Subsequently, ZIF-8 nanoparticles served as the protective layer were immobilized on the surface of PLA/CS to form multi-structural PLA/CS@ZIF-8 nanofiber membranes. In vitro drug release of nanofiber membranes were studied in the acidic and neutral medium, respectively. The results were that the hydrophilicity and surface roughness of nanofiber membranes rose with increasing of 2-MIM concentrations. The nanofiber membranes also had excellent pH-responsive and controlled release property. Furthermore, the drug release of PLA/CS@ZIF-8 for either APS or CPT were all carried out in a coexisting manner of diffusion and skeleton corrosion. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity assay indicated nanofiber membranes with good cytocompatibility. Therefore, the multi-structured PLA/CS@ZIF-8 nanofiber membranes has been used as a potential pH-responsive dual drug release system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Hongming Liu
- BeiJing Shidabocheng Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, China
| | - Li Yan
- College of Humanities, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xi Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zikang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Sánchez-Serrano S, González-Méndez DJ, Olivas-Valdez JA, Millán-Aguiñaga N, Evangelista V, Contreras OE, Cardoza-Contreras MN. pH-Responsive Chitosan-Doped ZnO Hybrid Hydrogels for the Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds in Aquaculture. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4105. [PMID: 37896349 PMCID: PMC10610712 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized and characterized pH-responsive Chitosan-AgCl-doped ZnO hybrid hydrogels and evaluated their potential for loading aquaculture bioactive compounds, and assessed their antimicrobial properties against a threatening pathogen associated with disease across a broad spectrum of warm water fish and invertebrates. Hydrogel characterization consisted of assessing morphology via SEM, composition via EDS, hydrogels' network components interactions via FT-IR and pH response through swelling behavior determinations. The swelling characterization of the synthesized hydrogels demonstrated a pH-responsive behavior, showing that low pH values caused the hydrogel polymeric network to expand and capture more of the aqueous solution. These characteristics make the synthesized hydrogels suitable for the encapsulation and controlled release of drugs and bioactive compounds in aquaculture. Chitosan_ZnO hybrid hydrogels showed great antimicrobial activity against Vibrio harveyi, even better than that of loaded PB hydrogels. Here, we provide evidence for the potential capacity of Chitosan_ZnO hybrid hydrogels for the preventive and curative treatment of diseases that impact aquaculture animal health and prevent drug resistance by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sánchez-Serrano
- Marine Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (S.S.-S.); (D.J.G.-M.); (J.A.O.-V.); (N.M.-A.); (V.E.)
| | - Daniela J. González-Méndez
- Marine Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (S.S.-S.); (D.J.G.-M.); (J.A.O.-V.); (N.M.-A.); (V.E.)
| | - José A. Olivas-Valdez
- Marine Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (S.S.-S.); (D.J.G.-M.); (J.A.O.-V.); (N.M.-A.); (V.E.)
| | - Natalie Millán-Aguiñaga
- Marine Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (S.S.-S.); (D.J.G.-M.); (J.A.O.-V.); (N.M.-A.); (V.E.)
| | - Viridiana Evangelista
- Marine Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (S.S.-S.); (D.J.G.-M.); (J.A.O.-V.); (N.M.-A.); (V.E.)
| | - Oscar E. Contreras
- Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Center, National Autonomus University of Mexico, Ensenada 22800, Mexico;
| | - Marlene N. Cardoza-Contreras
- Marine Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (S.S.-S.); (D.J.G.-M.); (J.A.O.-V.); (N.M.-A.); (V.E.)
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8
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Biernat M, Woźniak A, Chraniuk M, Panasiuk M, Tymowicz-Grzyb P, Pagacz J, Antosik A, Ciołek L, Gromadzka B, Jaegermann Z. Effect of Selected Crosslinking and Stabilization Methods on the Properties of Porous Chitosan Composites Dedicated for Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112507. [PMID: 37299306 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is one of the most commonly employed natural polymers for biomedical applications. However, in order to obtain stable chitosan biomaterials with appropriate strength properties, it is necessary to subject it to crosslinking or stabilization. Composites based on chitosan and bioglass were prepared using the lyophilization method. In the experimental design, six different methods were used to obtain stable, porous chitosan/bioglass biocomposite materials. This study compared the crosslinking/stabilization of chitosan/bioglass composites with ethanol, thermal dehydration, sodium tripolyphosphate, vanillin, genipin, and sodium β-glycerophosphate. The physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of the obtained materials were compared. The results showed that all the selected crosslinking methods allow the production of stable, non-cytotoxic porous composites of chitosan/bioglass. The composite with genipin stood out with the best of the compared properties, taking into account biological and mechanical characteristics. The composite stabilized with ethanol is distinct in terms of its thermal properties and swelling stability, and it also promotes cell proliferation. Regarding the specific surface area, the highest value exposes the composite stabilized by the thermal dehydration method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Biernat
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Woźniak
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
| | - Milena Chraniuk
- Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mirosława Panasiuk
- Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Tymowicz-Grzyb
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Pagacz
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Antosik
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
| | - Lidia Ciołek
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Gromadzka
- Department of In Vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Jaegermann
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
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An Investigation of the Sol-Gel Transition of Chitosan Lactate and Chitosan Chloride Solutions via Rheological and NMR Studies. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100670. [DOI: 10.3390/gels8100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, intensive research has been carried out on the use of hydrogels obtained from natural polymers, mainly chitosan. These products are increasingly replacing solutions based on synthetic materials in medicine. This publication presents the results of studies on the sol-gel transition of chitosan solutions as the base material for the preparation of thermosensitive hydrogels for potential applications in tissue engineering. The measurements were carried out for systems consisting of chitosan lactate and chitosan chloride solutions using β-glycerol phosphate disodium salt pentahydrate and uridine 5′-monophosphate disodium salt as the cross-linking agents. The sol-gel transition point of the solutions was determined based on the rheological measurements in the cone-plate configuration of the rotational rheometer and experiments performed using the method of nuclear magnetic resonance. The obtained results showed a significant influence of the cross-linking agent on the course of the sol-gel transition of chitosan salt solutions, and the systems that consisted of chitosan lactate seemed to be especially interesting for biomedical applications.
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Thermosensitive Injectable Hydrogels for Intra-Articular Delivery of Etanercept for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080488. [PMID: 36005089 PMCID: PMC9407145 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The intra-articular administration of drugs has attracted great interest in recent decades for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The use of modified drugs has also attracted interest in recent years because their intra-articular administration has demonstrated encouraging results. The objective of this work was to prepare injectable-thermosensitive hydrogels for the intra-articular administration of Etanercept (ETA), an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α. Hydrogels were prepared from the physical mixture of chitosan and Pluronic F127 with β-glycerolphosphate (BGP). Adding β-glycerolphosphate to the system reduced the gelation time and also modified the morphology of the resulting material. In vitro studies were carried out to determine the cytocompatibility of the prepared hydrogels for the human chondrocyte line C28/I2. The in vitro release study showed that the incorporation of BGP into the system markedly modified the release of ETA. In the in vivo studies, it was verified that the hydrogels remained inside the implantation site in the joint until the end of the study. Furthermore, ETA was highly concentrated in the blood of the study mice 48 h after the loaded material was injected. Histological investigation of osteoarthritic knees showed that the material promotes cartilage recovery in osteoarthritic mice. The results demonstrate the potential of ETA-loaded injectable hydrogels for the localized treatment of joints.
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Woźniak A, Biernat M. Methods for crosslinking and stabilization of chitosan structures for potential medical applications. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115221085738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a well-known polymer widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, has antibacterial and osteoconductive properties. Chitosan is often used in the form of composites (with the participation of ceramic particles), membranes, hydrogels or nanoparticles. The problem with biomaterials is their low durability, rapid degradation, poor mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. Cross-linking or stabilization of such materials allows for solving these problems. It is important that the compounds used for this purpose exhibit limited or no toxicity. The presented article is a review and presents some methods of cross-linking/stabilization of chitosan structures. The analysis concerns low or non-cytotoxic cross-linking/stabilization methods. The discussed compounds used for the purpose of chitosan structure fixation are: cinnamaldehyde, genipin, L-aspartic acid, vanillin, sodium carbonate, sodium alginate, BGP, ethanol and TPP. There is discussed also a hydrothermal/dehydrothermal method which seems to be promising as it is more advantageous since no additional compounds are introduced into the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Woźniak
- Biomaterials Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Ceramics and Concrete Division in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Biernat
- Biomaterials Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Ceramics and Concrete Division in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Zeng H, Hu Z, Peng C, Deng L, Liu S. Effective Adsorption and Sensitive Detection of Cr(VI) by Chitosan/Cellulose Nanocrystals Grafted with Carbon Dots Composite Hydrogel. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213788. [PMID: 34771345 PMCID: PMC8588005 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its lethal effect on the human body and other creatures, Cr(VI) ions have attained widespread public attention, and an effective adsorbent for removing Cr(VI) ions is vital. Chitosan (CS)/cellulose nanocrystals grafted with carbon dots (CNCD) composite hydrogel with strong sorption ability and sensitive detection ability for Cr(VI) was formed. The cellulose nanocrystals (CN) offered a natural skeleton for assembling 3D porous structures, and then improved the sorption ability for Cr(VI); moreover, carbon dots (CD) acted as a fluorescent probe for Cr(VI) and provided Cr(VI) adsorption sites. With a maximum adsorption capacity of 217.8 mg/g, the CS/CNCD composite hydrogel exhibited efficient adsorption properties. Meanwhile, with a detection limit of 0.04 μg/L, this hydrogel was used for selective and quantitative detection of Cr(VI). The determination of Cr(VI) was based on the inner filter effect (IFE) and static quenching. This hydrogel retained its effective adsorption ability even after four repeated regenerations. Furthermore, the economic feasibility of the CS/CNCD composite hydrogel over activated carbon was confirmed using cost analysis. This study provided one new method for producing low-cost adsorbents with effective sorption and sensitive detection for Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chang Peng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.P.); (L.D.)
| | - Lei Deng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.P.); (L.D.)
| | - Suchun Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Bio-Functionalized Chitosan for Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115916. [PMID: 34072888 PMCID: PMC8198664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid biomaterials allow for the improvement of the biological properties of materials and have been successfully used for implantology in medical applications. The covalent and selective functionalization of materials with bioactive peptides provides favorable results in tissue engineering by supporting cell attachment to the biomaterial through biochemical cues and interaction with membrane receptors. Since the functionalization with bioactive peptides may alter the chemical and physical properties of the biomaterials, in this study we characterized the biological responses of differently functionalized chitosan analogs. Chitosan analogs were produced through the reaction of GRGDSPK (RGD) or FRHRNRKGY (HVP) sequences, both carrying an aldehyde-terminal group, to chitosan. The bio-functionalized polysaccharides, pure or "diluted" with chitosan, were chemically characterized in depth and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities and biocompatibility toward human primary osteoblast cells. The results obtained indicate that the bio-functionalization of chitosan increases human-osteoblast adhesion (p < 0.005) and proliferation (p < 0.005) as compared with chitosan. Overall, the 1:1 mixture of HVP functionalized-chitosan:chitosan is the best compromise between preserving the antibacterial properties of the material and supporting osteoblast differentiation and calcium deposition (p < 0.005 vs. RGD). In conclusion, our results reported that a selected concentration of HVP supported the biomimetic potential of functionalized chitosan better than RGD and preserved the antibacterial properties of chitosan.
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Pita-López ML, Fletes-Vargas G, Espinosa-Andrews H, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R. Physically cross-linked chitosan-based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications: A state-of-the-art review. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Torabi H, Mehdikhani M, Varshosaz J, Shafiee F. An innovative approach to fabricate a thermosensitive melatonin‐loaded conductive pluronic/chitosan hydrogel for myocardial tissue engineering. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Torabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdikhani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shafiee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
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Panyamao P, Ruksiriwanich W, Sirisa-ard P, Charumanee S. Injectable Thermosensitive Chitosan/Pullulan-Based Hydrogels with Improved Mechanical Properties and Swelling Capacity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2514. [PMID: 33126695 PMCID: PMC7692642 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermosensitive chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS/BGP) systems have been developed as injectable hydrogels. However, the hydrogels exhibited poor mechanical properties due to their physically crosslinked networks. In this work, CS/BGP hydrogels were reinforced by covalent crosslinking using genipin (GE) and concomitantly semi-interpenetrating networks using pullulan (PL). Based on response surface methodology, the optimized formulation was composed of CS (1.05%, w/v), PL (1%, w/v), BGP (6%, w/v), and GE (70.79 mcg/mL). The optimized hydrogels exhibited Young's modulus of 92.65 ± 4.13 kPa and a percentage of equilibrium swelling ratio of 3259.09% ± 58.90%. Scanning electron micrographs revealed a highly porous structure with nanofibrous networks in the CS/PL/BGP/GE hydrogels. The chemical interactions between the compositions were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Rheological measurements illustrated that the optimized hydrogels displayed sol-gel transition within one minute at 37 °C, a lower critical solution temperature of about 31 °C, and viscoelastic behavior with high storage modulus. Furthermore, the optimized hydrogels demonstrated higher resistance to in vitro enzymatic degradation, compared to the hydrogels without GE. Our findings could suggest that the thermosensitive CS/PL/BGP/GE hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties and swelling capacity demonstrate the potential for use as scaffolds and carriers for cartilage tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakasit Panyamao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (W.R.); (P.S.-a.)
| | - Warintorn Ruksiriwanich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (W.R.); (P.S.-a.)
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Panee Sirisa-ard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (W.R.); (P.S.-a.)
| | - Suporn Charumanee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (W.R.); (P.S.-a.)
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Electrochemical inspection of polypyrrole/chitosan/zinc oxide hybrid composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ge X, Ge M, Chen X, Qian C, Liu X, Zhou S. Facile synthesis of hydrochar supported copper nanocatalyst for Ullmann C N coupling reaction in water. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Scalzone A, Ferreira AM, Tonda-Turo C, Ciardelli G, Dalgarno K, Gentile P. The interplay between chondrocyte spheroids and mesenchymal stem cells boosts cartilage regeneration within a 3D natural-based hydrogel. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14630. [PMID: 31601910 PMCID: PMC6787336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) lacks the ability to self-repair and cell-based approaches, primarily based on using chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are emerging as effective technology to restore cartilage functionality, because cells synergic functionality may support the maintenance of chondrogenic phenotype and promote extracellular matrix regeneration. This work aims to develop a more physiologically representative co-culture system to investigate the influence of MSCs on the activity of chondrocytes. A thermo-sensitive chitosan-based hydrogel, ionically crosslinked with β-glycerophosphate, is optimised to obtain sol/gel transition at physiological conditions within 5 minutes, high porosity with pores diameter <30 µm, and in vitro mechanical integrity with compressive and equilibrium Young's moduli of 37 kPa and 17 kPa, respectively. Live/dead staining showed that after 1 and 3 days in culture, the encapsulated MSCs into the hydrogels are viable and characterised by round-like morphology. Furthermore chondrocyte spheroids, seeded on top of gels that contained either MSCs or no cells, show that the encapsulated MSCs stimulate chondrocyte activity within a gel co-culture, both in terms of maintaining the coherence of chondrocyte spheroids, leading to a larger quantity of CD44 (by immunofluorescence) and a higher production of collagen and glycosaminoglycans (by histology) compared with the mono-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annachiara Scalzone
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Ferreira
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Tonda-Turo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 29, Turin, 10129, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 29, Turin, 10129, Italy
| | - Kenny Dalgarno
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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Pankongadisak P, Suwantong O. Enhanced properties of injectable chitosan-based thermogelling hydrogels by silk fibroin and longan seed extract for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:412-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Secchi V, Franchi S, Ciccarelli D, Dettin M, Zamuner A, Serio A, Iucci G, Battocchio C. Biofunctionalization of TiO 2 Surfaces with Self-Assembling Layers of Oligopeptides Covalently Grafted to Chitosan. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2190-2199. [PMID: 33405771 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering, a promising approach to obtain a bioactive, biomimetic, and antibiotic implant is the functionalization of a "classical" biocompatible material, for example, titanium, with appropriate biomolecules. For this purpose, we propose preparing self-assembling films of multiple components, allowing the mixing of different biofunctionalities "on demand". Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) are synthetic materials characterized by the ability to self-organize in nanostructures both in aqueous solution and as thin or thick films. Moreover, ordered layers of SAPs adhere on titanium surface as a scaffold coating to mimic the extracellular matrix. Chitosan is a versatile hydrophilic polysaccharide derived from chitin, with a broad antimicrobial spectrum to which Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi are highly susceptible, and is already known in the literature for the ability of its derivatives to firmly graft titanium alloys and show protective effects against some bacterial species, either alone or in combination with other antimicrobial substances such as antibiotics or antimicrobial peptides. In this context, we functionalized titanium surfaces with chitosan grafted to EAK16-II (a SAP), obtaining layer-by-layer structures of different degrees of order, depending on the preparative stoichiometry and path. The chemical composition, molecular structure, and arrangement of the obtained biofunctionalized surfaces were investigated by surface-sensitive techniques such as reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation-induced spectroscopies as X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (SR-XPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). Furthermore, was demonstrated that surfaces coated with EAK and Chit-EAK can support hNPs cell attachment and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Secchi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University of Rome Via della Vasca Navale 79, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Stefano Franchi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.p.A., Strada statale 14, km 163.5, Basovizza (Trieste) 34149, Italy
| | - Davide Ciccarelli
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University of Rome Via della Vasca Navale 79, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 9, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 9, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Serio
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Iucci
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University of Rome Via della Vasca Navale 79, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University of Rome Via della Vasca Navale 79, Rome 00146, Italy
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