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Synthesis of DOPO-Based Phosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Hyperbranched Flame Retardant and Its Effective Application for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Synergistic Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030662. [PMID: 36771972 PMCID: PMC9921204 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain industrialized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) composites with highly efficient flame retardancy, a phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) containing hyperbranched flame retardant additive was synthesized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospho-phenanthrene-butyric acid (DDP) and tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) through high temperature esterification known as hyperbranched DDP-THEIC (hbDT). The chemical structure of the synthesized hbDT was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GPC, etc. Subsequently, hbDT/PET composites were prepared by co-blending, and the effects of hbDT on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion performance, and thermal degradation behavior of PET were explored to deeply analyze its flame retardant mechanism. The test results showed that hbDT was successfully synthesized, and that hbDT maintained thermal stability well with the required processing conditions of PET as retardant additives. The flame retardant efficiency of PET was clearly improved by the addition of hbDT via the synergistic flame-retardant effect of P and N elements. When the mass fraction of flame retardant was 5%, the LOI of the hbDT/PET composite increased to 30.2%, and the vertical combustion grade reached UL-94 V-0. Compared with pure PET, great decreased total heat release (decreased by 16.3%) and peak heat release rate (decreased by 54.9%) were exhibited. Finally, the flame retardant mechanism of hbDT/PET was supposed, and it was confirmed that retardant effect happened in both the gas phase and condensed phase. This study is expected to provide a new idea for the development of low toxic, environment-friendly and highly efficient flame retardant additive for polyesters in an industry scale.
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Li Y, Sun L, Wang H, Wang S, Jin X, Lu Z, Dong C. A novel composite coating containing P/N/B and bio-based compounds for flame retardant modification of polyester/cotton blend fabrics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zhang Y, Yu C, Feng X. Simultaneously Improving Flame Retardant Performance, Thermal Stability and Conductivity of Copolymers of Polyethylene‐octene by Addition of a Ternary Composite Flame Retardant System. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xijing University, Xi'an 710123 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Chunming Yu
- School of Automobile and Transportation Wuxi Institute of Technology Wuxi 214121, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xi Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xijing University, Xi'an 710123 Shaanxi Province China
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A novel flame-retardant system toward polyester fabrics: flame retardant, anti-dripping and smoke suppression. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ding Y, Su Y, Huang J, Wang T, Li MY, Li W. Flame Retardancy Behaviors of Flexible Polyurethane Foam Based on Reactive Dihydroxy P-N-containing Flame Retardants. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16410-16418. [PMID: 34235312 PMCID: PMC8246474 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Green and environment-friendly high-efficiency flame retardants (FRs) are crucial to polymer FR modification. Here, a green FR 2-((bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane 2-oxide (HAMPP) was synthesized. The HAMPP was incorporated with a cyclic phosphorus structure, which will readily carbonize to inhibit or prevent further combustion. Moreover, the HAMPP contains dihydroxy reactive groups that can be used as a monomer in the polymerization reaction to obtain the main chain containing phosphorus polymer. Research studies on FRs were based on flexible polyurethane foam (PU-HAMPPs). The limiting oxygen index value of PU foam with 10% HAMPP could reach 23.7%, passing a UL-94 V-0 rating together. With the addition of HAMPP, the peak heat release rate of PU foam decreased significantly, the decomposition temperature increased, the heat release capacity reduced by 31%, and the char yield increased by 42%. The chemical composition and morphology of the char residual have been studied and analyzed thoroughly. We find that HAMPP forms a molten viscous protective layer uniformly on the material surface and releases some incombustible gases. These indicated that the FR exploited both condensed-phase and gas-phase flame retardancy mechanisms. Besides, the addition of FRs improved the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ding
- College
of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian
Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yumiao Su
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiajing Huang
- College
of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian
Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min-Yu Li
- College
of Chemistry and Materials, Ningde Normal
University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Wenmu Li
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Wei L, Wang R, Zhu Z, Wang W, Wu H. Functionalization of PET with Phosphazene Grafted Graphene Oxide for Synthesis, Flammability, and Mechanism. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1470. [PMID: 33802797 PMCID: PMC8002576 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Significant improvement in the fire resistance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) while ensuring its mechanical properties is a tremendous challenge. A novel flame retardant (GO-HCCP, graphene oxide-hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene) was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of the graphene oxide (GO) and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and then applied in PET by an in situ polymerization technique. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed a better dispersion of GO-HCCP than GO in the PET matrix. The char yield at 700 °C increased by 32.5% with the addition of GO-HCCP. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), peak smoke produce rate (pSPR)and carbon monoxide production (COP)values significantly decreased by 26.0%, 16.7% and 37.5%, respectively, which indicates the outstanding fire and smoke suppression of GO-HCCP. In addition, the composites exhibited higher elastic modulus and tensile strength without compromising the toughness of PET matrix. These significantly reduced fire hazards properties are mainly attributed to the catalytic carbonation of HCCP and the barrier effect of GO. Thus, PET composites with good flame-retardant and mechanical properties were prepared, which provides a new strategy for further flame retardant PET preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Wei
- Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China;
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Wenqing Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Hanguang Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (H.W.)
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Rui W, Wenqing W, Fanghe W, Anying Z, Xiuqin Z, Deyi W. Construction of nano-multilayer coatings on copolyester fabrics using UV-grafting mediated layer-by-layer self-assembly for improved anti-droplet and flame retardent performance. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Xu S, Li SY, Zhang M, Zeng HY, Wu K, Tian XY, Chen CR, Pan Y. Fabrication of green alginate-based and layered double hydroxides flame retardant for enhancing the fire retardancy properties of polypropylene. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 234:115891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Li S, Zhou Y, Cheng J, Ma Q, Zhang F, Wang Y, Liu M, Wang D, Qu W. Mechanical property improvement and fire hazard reduction of ammonium polyphosphate microencapsulated in rigid polyurethane foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiang Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced CoatingQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced CoatingQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaji Cheng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced CoatingQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines (China University of Mining and Technology)Ministry of Education Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Qianyu Ma
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced CoatingQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced CoatingQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Qu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced CoatingQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
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Zhou Q, Gong K, Zhou K, Zhao S, Shi C. Synergistic effect between phosphorus tailings and aluminum hypophosphite in flame‐retardant thermoplastic polyurethane composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhou
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan China
| | - Kaili Gong
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan China
- Engineering Research Center of Rock‐Soil Drilling & Excavation and ProtectionChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Ministry of Education Wuhan China
| | - Sijia Zhao
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan China
| | - Congling Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation SafetyChina Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing China
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11
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Li S, Zhu J, Yu J, Wang Y, Hu Z. Mussel‐inspired polydopamine/polystyrene composites with 3D continuous structure and improved thermal, mechanical, and flame retarding properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and EngineeringDonghua University Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and EngineeringDonghua University Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and EngineeringDonghua University Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and EngineeringDonghua University Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Zuming Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and EngineeringDonghua University Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
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