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Li L, Xin Y, Wu F, Lyu X, Yao Q, Yin X, Zhang Q, Shan W, Chen Y, Han Q. A Polysiloxane Delivery Vehicle of Cyclic N-Halamine for Biocidal Coating of Cellulose in Supercritical CO 2. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235080. [PMID: 36501474 PMCID: PMC9739799 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic N-halamines are highly antimicrobial, very stable, and not susceptible to bacterial resistance. A polysiloxane delivery vehicle was synthesized to deliver cyclic imide N-halamine onto cellulose via a benign and universal procedure that does not require a harmful solvent or chemical bonding. In brief, Knoevenagel condensation between barbituric acid and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde furnished 5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione, whose phenolic O-H was subsequently reacted with the Si-H of poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) via silane alcoholysis. The product of silane alcoholysis was interpenetrated into cellulose in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) at 50 °C, to form a continuous modification layer. The thickness of the modification layer positively correlated with interpenetration pressure in the experimental range of 10 to 28 MPa and reached a maximum value of 76.5 nm, which demonstrates the ability for tunable delivery, to control the loading of the imide N-H bond originating from barbituric acid unit. The imide N-H bonds on cellulose with the thickest modifier were then chlorinated into N-Cl counterparts using tert-butyl hypochlorite, to exert a powerful biocidability, providing ~7 log reductions of both S. aureus and E. coli in 20 min. The stability and rechargeability of the biocidability were both very promising, suggesting that the polysiloxane modifier has a satisfactory chemical structure and interlocks firmly with cellulose via scCO2 interpenetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixuan Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yan Xin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Fengze Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xiangrong Lyu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Qiyuan Yao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xiaoting Yin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Wenjuan Shan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qiuxia Han
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Q.H.)
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Chen Y, Feng C, Zhang Q, Luo M, Xu J, Han Q. Engineering of antibacterial/recyclable difunctional nanoparticles via synergism of quaternary ammonia salt site and N-halamine sites on magnetic surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 187:110642. [PMID: 31744761 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A biocidal composite unit with improved synergism, using one cationic quaternary ammonia salt (QAS) site to attract electronegative bacteria to three highly biocidal N-halamine sites, was designed for the first time and attached onto surface of magnetic silica coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (silica@Fe3O4NPs) for superior biocidability, large killing area, and easy recyclability. Briefly, a compound containing one imide and two amide NH bonds, 2-(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (DHPA), was prepared by amidation of hydantoin acetic acid with p-aminophenol. A biocidal precursor of one QAS site and three N-halamine sites was then constructed by alcoholysis of 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride with 2-(dimethylamino)ethan-1-ol to introduce a tertiary amine and subsequent esterification with DHPA to introduce three NH bonds. The triethoxysilyl groups in the precursor were hydrolyzed to silanol groups to condense with their counterparts on silica@Fe3O4 NPs. The surface of resultant NPs carried units each contains one QAS site and three N-halamine sites after quaternization and chlorination. The biocidal surface showed superior biocidability against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus than reported systems due to the improved synergism between multiple antibacterial groups of different types and was stable towards quenching-chlorinating process and storage. The successful design opens insight in the syntheses of more powerful biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, PR China.
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, PR China
| | - Meimei Luo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, PR China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Han
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, PR China
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