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Alam AB, Fujii Y, Dipu NH, Chakma T, Neogi P, Ullah AW, Abdullah RA. Potential of carboxymethyl cellulose solution to increase the shale stability. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17388. [PMID: 37833307 PMCID: PMC10576084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Slope failures in Bangladesh's Chittagong division are a growing concern, with fatalities increasing from 19 in 2000 to 162 in 2017 and projected to rise further. This study aims to identify the most vulnerable rock formation and assess Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) as a solution for enhancing shale strength and mitigating slope failures. The research began by evaluating weathering susceptibility and stability of different rock layers, revealing the high instability of shale in the Bhuban Formation. Slake durability tests measured cation concentration to understand shale instability mechanisms. Laboratory experiments, including immersion tests and grained-and-molded shale specimens, examined CMC's potential to improve shale stability. Results indicated that the shale of the Bhuban Formation had the highest hammer value variations, indicating increased weathering susceptibility. Shale instability was attributed to illite layer dissolution, releasing K+. Intact shale specimens treated with CMC showed enhanced penetration resistance, shear strength, and deformation behavior, suggesting CMC's potential in increasing shale stability. Grained-and-molded shale specimens treated with CMC demonstrated increased shear strength, critical shear displacement, and contraction deformational behavior. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of cross-links between shale grains, contributing to improved shale stability. Further research is needed to explore the application of CMC for enhancing in situ rock slope stability. This study emphasizes the importance of addressing slope failures in the Chittagong division and provides insights into mitigating the risks through CMC-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akm Badrul Alam
- Petroleum and Mining Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, MIST, 9th Floor, General Mustafiz Tower, Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Yoshiaki Fujii
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nahid Hasan Dipu
- Petroleum and Mining Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, MIST, 9th Floor, General Mustafiz Tower, Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Torin Chakma
- Petroleum and Mining Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, MIST, 9th Floor, General Mustafiz Tower, Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Prodeepta Neogi
- Petroleum and Mining Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, MIST, 9th Floor, General Mustafiz Tower, Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
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Lan L, Lu X, Zheng Y, Zhang G, Cheng Z. Synthesis and Performance of D230 Polyether Ammonium Salts Mixed with Cationic Gemini Surfactant as Clay Stabilizer for Water Injection Reservoirs. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Synergy of imidazolium ionic liquids and flexible anionic polymer for controlling facilely montmorillonite swelling in water. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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