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Yan S, Guo N, Chu Z, Jin X, Fang C, Yan S. A Study of Molecular Dynamic Simulation and Experimental Performance of the Eucommia Ulmoides Gum-Modified Asphalt. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5700. [PMID: 37629990 PMCID: PMC10456603 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG), also known as gutta-percha, has been extensively researched. Molecular dynamic simulations and experiments were used together to look at how well gutta-percha and asphalt work together and how gutta-percha-modified asphalt works. To investigate the gutta-percha and asphalt blending systems, the molecular models of asphalt and various dosages of gutta-percha-modified asphalt were set up using Materials Studio (MS), and the solubility parameters, intermolecular interaction energy, diffusion coefficient, and mechanical properties (including elastic modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus) of each system were calculated using molecular dynamic simulations at various temperatures. The findings indicate that EUG and asphalt are compatible, and sulfurized eucommia ulmoides gum (SEUG) and asphalt are more compatible than EUG. However, SEUG-modified asphalt has better mechanical properties than EUG, and the best preparation conditions are 10 wt% doping and 1 h of 180 °C shearing. Primarily, physical modifications are required for gutta-percha-modified asphalt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Yan
- College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (S.Y.); (Z.C.); (C.F.)
- College of Communication, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China;
| | - Naisheng Guo
- College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (S.Y.); (Z.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Zhaoyang Chu
- College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (S.Y.); (Z.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Transportation Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China;
| | - Chenze Fang
- College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (S.Y.); (Z.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Sitong Yan
- College of Communication, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China;
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Xu L, Liu Z, Ma L, Li X, Li P, Yang C, Li B, Wang X, Zhang Y, Song G. Effects of Eucommia ulmoides gum content and processing conditions on damping properties of E. ulmoides gum/nitrile-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In order to improve the effective damping of nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) in a wider temperature range, Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) was incorporated into NBR to prepare nanocomposites. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that EUG was dispersed in NBR matrix in the form of nanocrystals. Compared with pure NBR, the mechanical properties of NBR/EUG (80/20) composites are significantly improved. Dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that there are two dynamic mechanical loss peaks in two composites. With the increase of EUG component, the peak value of loss factor (tanδ) decreases gradually at −10 °C, and the temperature corresponding to the peak value tends to move towards high temperature, while the peak area increases gradually at −50 °C. Parking and repeated mixing make both loss peaks move towards high temperature. The differential scanning calorimetry analyzer (DSC) results expressed that the melting temperature and peak area of EUG after vulcanization decreased significantly compared with that before vulcanization. Hence, the damping effect of NBR can be improved and its damping temperature range can be widened by adding EUG and changing processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Xu
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Zhitao Liu
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Lichun Ma
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Xiaoru Li
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Bowen Li
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Yongfei Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Guojun Song
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
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Shape Memory Materials from Rubbers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237216. [PMID: 34885377 PMCID: PMC8658094 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Smart materials are much discussed in the current research scenario. The shape memory effect is one of the most fascinating occurrences in smart materials, both in terms of the phenomenon and its applications. Many metal alloys and polymers exhibit the shape memory effect (SME). Shape memory properties of elastomers, such as rubbers, polyurethanes, and other elastomers, are discussed in depth in this paper. The theory, factors impacting, and key uses of SME elastomers are all covered in this article. SME has been observed in a variety of elastomers and composites. Shape fixity and recovery rate are normally analysed through thermomechanical cycle studies to understand the effectiveness of SMEs. Polymer properties such as chain length, and the inclusion of fillers, such as clays, nanoparticles, and second phase polymers, will have a direct influence on the shape memory effect. The article discusses these aspects in a simple and concise manner.
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Facile Fabrication of Eucommia Rubber Composites with High Shape Memory Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203479. [PMID: 34685238 PMCID: PMC8541577 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We processed a series of shape memory Eucommia rubber (ER) composites with both carbon–carbon and ionic cross-linking networks via a chemical cross-linking method. The influence of the carbon–carbon cross-linking and ion cross-linking degree of ER composites on curing, mechanical, thermal, and shape memory properties were studied by DSC, DMA, and other analytical techniques. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) played a key role in preparing ER composites with a double cross-linking structure, where DCP initiated polymerization of ZDMA, and grafted ZDMA onto polymer molecular chains and cross-linked rubber molecular chains. Meanwhile, ZDMA combined with rubber macromolecules to build ionic cross-linking bonds in composites under the action of DCP and reinforced the ER composites. The result showed that the coexistence of these two cross-linking networks provide a sufficient restoring force for deformation of shape memory composites. The addition of ZDMA not only improved the mechanical properties of materials, but also significantly enhanced shape memory performance of composites. In particular, Eucommia rubber composites exhibited outstanding mechanical properties and shape memory performance when DCP content was 0.2 phr.
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Wang Y, Pei X, Xia L, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Wang T. Bio‐based
Eucommia ulmoides
gum/low density polyethylene shape memory composites reinforced by zinc methacrylate. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou P.R. China
| | - Xianqiang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou P.R. China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials Jinshui Road, 36# Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Zhancheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou P.R. China
| | - Qihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou P.R. China
| | - Tingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou P.R. China
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Wei X, Peng P, Peng F, Dong J. Natural Polymer Eucommia Ulmoides Rubber: A Novel Material. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3797-3821. [PMID: 33761246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As the second natural rubber resource, Eucommia ulmoides rubber (EUR) from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is mainly composed of trans-1,4-polyisoprene, which is the isomer of natural rubber cis-1,4-polyisoprene from Hevea brasiliensis. In the past few years, the great potential application of EUR has received increasing attention, and there is a growing awareness that the natural polymer EUR could become an emerging research topic in field of the novel materials due to its unique and excellent duality of both rubber and plastic. To gain insight into its further development, in this review, the extraction, structure, physicochemical properties, and modification of EUR are discussed in detail. More emphasis on the potential applications in the fields of the environment, agriculture, engineering, and biomedical engineering is summarized. Finally, some insights into the challenges and perspectives of EUR are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingneng Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pai Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Feng Peng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juane Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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