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Bhanushali S, Srivats DS, Mishra P, More AP. Silica/coconut shell charcoal/high-density polyethylene/linear low-density polyethylene composites. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-023-01146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Diverted from Landfill: Reuse of Single-Use Plastic Packaging Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245485. [PMID: 36559852 PMCID: PMC9785204 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) based packaging films mostly end up in landfill after single-use as they are not commonly recycled due to their flexible nature, low strength and low cost. Additionally, the necessity to separate and sort different plastic waste streams is the most costly step in plastics recycling, and is a major barrier to increasing recycling rates. This cost can be reduced through using waste mixed plastics (wMP) as a raw material. This research investigates the properties of PE-based wMP coming from film packaging wastes that constitutes different grades of PE with traces of polypropylene (PP). Their properties are compared with segregated individual recycled polyolefins and virgin LDPE. The plastic plaques are produced directly from the wMP shreds as well as after extruding the wMP shreds into a more uniform material. The effect of different material forms and processing conditions on the mechanical properties are investigated. The results of the investigation show that measured properties of the wMP fall well within the range of properties of various grades of virgin polyethylene, indicating the maximum possible variations between different batches. Addition of an intermediate processing step of extrusion before compression moulding is found to have no effect on the tensile properties but results in a noticeably different failure behaviour. The wMP does not show any thermal degradation during processing that was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. The results give a scientific insight into the adoption of wMP in real world products that can divert them from landfill creating a more circular economy.
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Rheological properties of high-density polyethylene/linear low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Salakhov II, Chalykh AE, Shaidullin NM, Shapagin AV, Budylin NY, Khasbiullin RR, Nifant’ev IE, Gerasimov VK. Phase Equilibria and Interdiffusion in Bimodal High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Based Compositions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050811. [PMID: 33800874 PMCID: PMC7961435 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The compositions based on bimodal high-density polyethylene (HDPE, copolymer of ethylene with hexene-1) and in mixture with monomodal tercopolymer of ethylene with butene-1/hexene-1 (LLDPE, low-density polyethylene) have been studied. Phase equilibrium, thermodynamic parameters of interdiffusion in a wide range of temperatures and ratios of co-components were identified by refractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, optical laser interferometry, X-ray phase analysis. The phase state diagrams of the HDPE—LLDPE systems were constructed. It has been established that they belong to the class of state diagrams of “solid crystal solutions with unrestricted mixing of components”. The paired parameters of the components interaction and their temperature dependences were calculated. Thermodynamic compatibility of α-olefins in the region of melts and crystallization of one of the components has been shown. The kinetics of formation of interphase boundaries during crystallization of α-olefins has been analyzed. The morphology of crystallized gradient diffusion zones has been analyzed by optical polarization microscopy. The sizes of spherulites in different areas of concentration profiles and values of interdiffusion coefficients were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildar I. Salakhov
- PJSC NIZHNEKAMSKNEFTEKHIM, Nizhnekamsk, Sobolekovskaya 23, 423574 Republic of Tatarstan, Russia;
- Correspondence: (I.I.S.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Anatoly E. Chalykh
- Frumkin Institute of Physical chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt, 31, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (N.Y.B.); (R.R.K.); (V.K.G.)
- Correspondence: (I.I.S.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Nadim M. Shaidullin
- PJSC NIZHNEKAMSKNEFTEKHIM, Nizhnekamsk, Sobolekovskaya 23, 423574 Republic of Tatarstan, Russia;
| | - Alexey V. Shapagin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt, 31, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (N.Y.B.); (R.R.K.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Nikita Yu. Budylin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt, 31, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (N.Y.B.); (R.R.K.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Ramil R. Khasbiullin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt, 31, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (N.Y.B.); (R.R.K.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Ilya E. Nifant’ev
- A.V.Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (TIPS RAS), Leninsky Prospekt 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir K. Gerasimov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt, 31, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (N.Y.B.); (R.R.K.); (V.K.G.)
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