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Abshirini M, Marashizadeh P, Saha MC, Altan MC, Liu Y. Three-Dimensional Printed Highly Porous and Flexible Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites with Dual-Scale Porosity and Piezoresistive Sensing Functions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36912907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Highly flexible, deformable, and ultralightweight structures are required for advanced sensing applications, such as wearable electronics and soft robotics. This study demonstrates the three-dimensional (3D) printing of highly flexible, ultralightweight, and conductive polymer nanocomposites (CPNCs) with dual-scale porosity and piezoresistive sensing functions. Macroscale pores are established by designing structural printing patterns with adjustable infill densities, while the microscale pores are developed by phase separation of the deposited polymer ink solution. A conductive polydimethylsiloxane solution is prepared by mixing polymer/carbon nanotubes with non-solvent and solvent phases. Silica nanoparticles are utilized to modify the rheological properties of the ink, making direct ink writing (DIW) feasible. 3D geometries with various structural infill densities and polymer concentrations are deposited using DIW. The solvent is evaporated during a stepping heat treatment, leading to non-solvent droplet nucleation and growth. The microscale cellular network is developed by removing the droplets and curing the polymer. Up to 83% tunable porosity is achieved by independently controlling the macro- and microscale porosity. The effect of macroscale/microscale porosity and printing nozzle sizes on the mechanical and piezoresistive behavior of the CPNC structures is explored. The electrical and mechanical tests demonstrate a durable, extremely deformable, and sensitive piezoresistive response without sacrificing mechanical performance. The flexibility and sensitivity of the CPNC structure are enhanced up to 900 and 67% with the development of dual-scale porosity. The application of the developed porous CPNCs as piezoresistive sensors for detecting human motion is also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abshirini
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 865 Asp Avenue, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Parisa Marashizadeh
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 865 Asp Avenue, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Mrinal C Saha
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 865 Asp Avenue, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - M Cengiz Altan
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 865 Asp Avenue, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Yingtao Liu
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 865 Asp Avenue, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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Ghasemi SM, Kholghi A, Azizhemati N. A physicochemical study on dry-cast porous poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) film. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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Timusk M, Nigol IA, Vlassov S, Oras S, Kangur T, Linarts A, Šutka A. Low-density PDMS foams by controlled destabilization of thixotropic emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:265-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Dai J, Tan X, Liang M, Wei D, Tao Y, Ren P, Zhang T. Fabrication of Porous Crystalline PLGA-PEG Induced by Swelling during the Recrystallization Annealing Process. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5524-5531. [PMID: 34817982 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) has been widely used as a scaffold material for tissue engineering owing to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biosafety. However, lactic acid (LA) produced during PLGA degradation is prone to inflammation, which is a shortcoming that must be avoided. To this end, crystalline PLGA-PEG was synthesized here for the first time. To make the crystalline PLGA-PEG more suitable for tissue engineering, porous crystalline PLGA-PEG was prepared via the swelling behavior during recrystallization annealing. The structure and properties of the porous crystalline PLGA-PEG were confirmed by SEM, POM, and XRD. Furthermore, the swelling behavior of different PEG molecular weights was studied, and the cell viability test and alkaline phosphatase activity test showed that PLGA-PEG has good biocompatibility. Such a porous crystalline PLGA-PEG will make PLGA have a broader application prospect in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Dai
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xin Tan
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Min Liang
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Dandan Wei
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yinhua Tao
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tianzhu Zhang
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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