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Ma Z, Yin T, Jiang Z, Weng Y, Zhang C. Bio-based epoxidized soybean oil branched cardanol ethers as compatibilizers of polybutylene succinate (PBS)/polyglycolic acid (PGA) blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129319. [PMID: 38211920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Blending poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) with another biodegradable polymer, polyglycolic acid (PGA), has been demonstrated to improve the barrier performance of PBS. However, blending these two polymers poses a challenge because of their incompatibility and large difference of their melting temperatures. In this study, we synthesized epoxidized soybean oil branched cardanol ether (ESOn-ECD), a bio-based and environmentally friendly compatibilizer, and used it to enhance the compatibility of PBS/PGA blends. It was demonstrated that the terminal carboxyl/hydroxyl groups of PBS and PGA can react with ESOn-ECD in situ, leading to branching and chain extension of PBS and PGA. The addition of ESO3-ECD to the blend considerably diminished the dispersed phase of PGA. Specifically, in comparison to the PBS/PGA blend without a compatibilizer, the diameter of the PGA phase decreased from 2.04 μm to 0.45 μm after the addition of 0.7 phr of ESO3-ECD, and the boundary between the two phases became difficult to distinguish. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the blends were improved after addition of ESO3-ECD. This research expands the potential applications of these materials and promotes the use of bio-based components in blend formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tian Yin
- China Shenhua Coal to Liquid and Chemical Co, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikui Jiang
- China Shenhua Coal to Liquid and Chemical Co, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Caili Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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2
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Little A, Ma S, Haddleton DM, Tan B, Sun Z, Wan C. Synthesis and Characterization of High Glycolic Acid Content Poly(glycolic acid- co-butylene adipate- co-butylene terephthalate) and Poly(glycolic acid- co-butylene succinate) Copolymers with Improved Elasticity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38658-38667. [PMID: 37867663 PMCID: PMC10586444 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) is a biodegradable polymer with high gas barrier properties, mechanical strength, and heat deflection temperature. However, PGA's brittleness severely limits its application in packaging, creating a need to develop PGA-based copolymers with improved elasticity that maintain its barrier properties and hydrolytic degradability. In this work, a series of PGBAT (poly(glycolic acid-co-butylene) adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) copolymers containing 21-92% glycolic acid (nGA) with Mw values of 46,700-50,600 g mol-1 were synthesized via melt polycondensation, and the effects of altering the nGA on PGBAT's thermomechanical properties and hydrolysis rate were investigated. Poly(glycolic acid-co-butylene succinate) (PGBS) and poly(glycolic acid-co-butylene terephthalate) (PGBT) copolymers with high nGA were synthesized for comparison. DSC analysis revealed that PGBAT21 (nGA = 21%) and PGBAT92 were semicrystalline, melting between 102.8 and 163.3 °C, while PGBAT44, PGBAT86-89, PGBT80, and PGBS90 were amorphous, with Tg values from -19.0 to 23.7 °C. These high nGA copolymers showed similar rates of hydrolysis to PGA, whereas those containing <50% GA showed almost no mass loss over the testing period. Their mechanical properties were highly dependent upon their crystallinity and improved significantly after annealing. Of the high nGA copolymers, annealed PGBS90 (Mw 97,000 g mol-1) possessed excellent mechanical properties with a modulus of 588 MPa, tensile strength of 30.0 MPa, and elongation at break of 171%, a significant improvement on PGA's elongation at break of 3%. This work demonstrates the potential of enhancing PGA's flexibility by introducing minor amounts of low-cost diols and diacids into its synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Little
- International
Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Shiyue Ma
- International
Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Bowen Tan
- PJIM
Polymer Scientific Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Zhaoyang Sun
- PJIM
Polymer Scientific Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Chaoying Wan
- International
Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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3
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Yamada S, Tsuboi Y, Yokoyama D, Kikuchi J. Polymer composition optimization approach based on feature extraction of bound and free water using time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 351:107438. [PMID: 37084520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As global environmental sustainability becomes increasingly emphasized, the development of eco-friendly materials, including solutions to the issue of marine plastics, is thriving. However, the material parameter space is vast, making efficient search a challenge. Time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance offers material property information through the complex T2 relaxation curves resulting from multiple mobilities. In this research, we used the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence to evaluate the binding state of water (water affinity) in polymers synthesized with various monomer compositions, which were immersed in seawater. We also assessed the T2 relaxation property of the polymers using the magic sandwich echo, double quantum filter, and magic-and-polarization echo filter techniques. We separated the T2 relaxation curves of CPMG into free and bound water for polymers by employing semisupervized nonnegative matrix factorization. By employing the features of separated bound water and polymer properties, a polymer composition optimization method offered crucial factors to monomers through random forests, predicted the components of the polymer using generative topography mapping regression, and determined expected values using Bayesian optimization for polymer composition candidates with the desired high water affinity and high rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuuri Tsuboi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Daiki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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4
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Wang Y, Hou B, Huang L, Li B, Liu S, He M, Chen Q, Li J. Study on Properties and Degradation Behavior of Poly (Adipic Acid/Butylene Terephthalate-Co-Glycolic Acid) Copolyester Synthesized by Quaternary Copolymerization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076451. [PMID: 37047424 PMCID: PMC10095127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the development and usage of degradable plastics instead of traditional plastics is an effective way to solve the pollution of marine microplastics. Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is known as one of the most promising biodegradable materials. Nevertheless, the degradation rate of PBAT in water environment is slow. In this work, we successfully prepared four kinds of high molecular weight polyester copolyesters (PBATGA) via quaternary copolymerization. The results showed that the intrinsic viscosity of PBATGA copolymers ranged from 0.74 to 1.01 dL/g with a glycolic acid content of 0–40%. PBATGA copolymers had excellent flexibility and thermal stability. The tensile strength was 5~40 MPa, the elongation at break was greater than 460%, especially the elongation at break of PBATGA10 at 1235%, and the thermal decomposition temperature of PBATGA copolyesters was higher than 375 °C. It was found that PBATGA copolyester had a faster hydrolysis rate than PBAT, and the weight loss of PBATGA copolymers showed a tendency of pH = 12 > Lipase ≈ pH = 7 > pH = 2. The quaternary polymerization of PBAT will have the advantage of achieving industrialization, unlike the previous polymerization process. In addition, the polymerization of PBATGA copolyesters not only utilizes the by-products of the coal chemical industry, but also it can be promising in the production of biodegradable packaging to reduce marine plastic pollution.
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Synthesis, Properties, and Biodegradability of Novel Sequence-Controlled Copolyesters Composed of Glycolic Acid, Dicarboxylic Acids, and C 3 or C 4 Diols. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051155. [PMID: 36904396 PMCID: PMC10007436 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that sequence-controlled copolyesters such as poly((ethylene diglycolate) terephthalate) (poly(GEGT)) showed higher melting temperatures than those of the corresponding random copolymers and high biodegradability in seawater. In this study, to elucidate the effect of the diol component on their properties, a series of new sequence-controlled copolyesters composed of glycolic acid, 1,4-butanediol or 1,3-propanediol, and dicarboxylic acid units was studied. 1,4-Butylene diglycolate (GBG) and 1,3-trimethylene diglycolate (GPG) were prepared by the reactions of 1,4-dibromobutane or 1,3-dibromopropane with potassium glycolate, respectively. Polycondensation of GBG or GPG with various dicarboxylic acid chlorides produced a series of copolyesters. Terephthalic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, and adipic acid were used as the dicarboxylic acid units. Among the copolyesters bearing terephthalate or 2,5-furandicarboxylate units, the melting temperatures (Tm) of the copolyesters containing 1,4-butanediol or 1,2-ethanediol units were substantially higher than those of the copolyester containing the 1,3-propanediol unit. Poly((1,4-butylene diglycolate) 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (poly(GBGF)) showed a Tm at 90 °C, while the corresponding random copolymer was reported to be amorphous. The glass-transition temperatures of the copolyesters decreased as the carbon number of the diol component increased. Poly(GBGF) was found to show higher biodegradability in seawater than that of poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF). On the other hand, the hydrolysis of poly(GBGF) was suppressed in comparison with that of poly(glycolic acid). Thus, these sequence-controlled copolyesters have both improved biodegradability compared to PBF and lower hydrolyzability than PGA.
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Dong L, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Lu B, Ji J, Ding Y. High performance and water‐degradable poly(neopentyl terephthalate‐co‐neopentyl succinate) copolymers: Synthesis, properties, and hydrolysis in different aquatic bodies. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Dong
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Yingmei Zhou
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Bo Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics and Ecological Plastics Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Junhui Ji
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics and Ecological Plastics Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
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7
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A comparative study of glycolic acid and L-lactic acid on modification of poly(butylene succinate). Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wang Y, Yang H, Li B, Liu S, He M, Chen Q, Li J. Poly(Butylene Adipate/Terephthalate-Co-Glycolate) Copolyester Synthesis Based on Methyl Glycolate with Improved Barrier Properties: From Synthesis to Structure-Property. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911074. [PMID: 36232379 PMCID: PMC9570190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main problem of manufacturing with traditional biodegradable plastics is that it is more expensive than manufacturing with polymers derived from petroleum, and the application scope is currently limited due to poor comprehensive performance. In this study, a novel biodegradable poly(butylene adipic acid/terephthalate-co-glycolic acid) (PBATGA) copolyester with 25–60% glycolic acid units was successfully synthesized by esterification and polycondensation using cheap coal chemical byproduct methyl glycolate instead of expensive glycolic acid. The structure of the copolyester was characterized by ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, DSC, and XRD; and its barrier property, water contact angle, heat resistance, and mechanical properties were tested. According to the experiment result, the PBATGA copolyesters showed improved oxygen (O2) and water vapor barrier character, and better hydrophilicity when compared with PBAT. The crystallization peaks of PBATGAs were elevated from 64 °C to 77 °C when the content of the GA unit was 25 mol %, meanwhile, the elongation at the break of PBATGA25 was more than 1300%. These results indicate that PBATGA copolyesters have good potentiality in high O2 and water vapor barrier and degradable packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Haicun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Bingjian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Shi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Mingyang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jinchun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Correspondence:
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Ding Y, Li S, Wang J, Liu Y, Dong L, Du X, Huang D, Ai T, Ji J. Synthesis, properties, and hydrolysis of bio‐based poly(butylene succinate‐co‐diethylene glycol succinate) copolyesters. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ding
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Shilin Li
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Jingxi Wang
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Liming Dong
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Xihua Du
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Dan Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics and Ecological Plastics Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Tianhao Ai
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics and Ecological Plastics Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Junhui Ji
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics and Ecological Plastics Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
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