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Farrag Y, Ait Eldjoudi D, Farrag M, González-Rodríguez M, Ruiz-Fernández C, Cordero A, Varela-García M, Torrijos Pulpón C, Bouza R, Lago F, Pino J, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Gualillo O. Poly(ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate-Based Injectable Hydrogels: Swelling, Rheological, and In Vitro Biocompatibility Properties with ATDC5 Chondrogenic Lineage. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4635. [PMID: 38139888 PMCID: PMC10747511 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the synthesis of a series of chemical homopolymeric and copolymeric injectable hydrogels based on polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEM) alone or with 2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEM). The objective of this study was to investigate how the modification of hydrogel components influences the swelling, rheological attributes, and in vitro biocompatibility of the hydrogels. The hydrogels' networks were formed via free radical polymerization, as assured by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The swelling of the hydrogels directly correlated with the monomer and the catalyst amounts, in addition to the molecular weight of the monomer. Rheological analysis revealed that most of the synthesized hydrogels had viscoelastic and shear-thinning properties. The storage modulus and the viscosity increased by increasing the monomer and the crosslinker fraction but decreased by increasing the catalyst. MTT analysis showed no potential toxicity of the homopolymeric hydrogels, whereas the copolymeric hydrogels were toxic only at high DMEAM concentrations. The crosslinker polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) induced inflammation in ATDC5 cells, as detected by the significant increase in nitric oxide synthase type II activity. The results suggest a range of highly tunable homopolymeric and copolymeric hydrogels as candidates for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousof Farrag
- Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases (NEIRID Group), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (M.F.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (C.T.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Djedjiga Ait Eldjoudi
- Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases (NEIRID Group), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (M.F.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (C.T.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Mariam Farrag
- Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases (NEIRID Group), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (M.F.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (C.T.P.); (O.G.)
| | - María González-Rodríguez
- Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases (NEIRID Group), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (M.F.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (C.T.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases (NEIRID Group), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (M.F.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (C.T.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Alfonso Cordero
- Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases (NEIRID Group), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (M.F.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (C.T.P.); (O.G.)
| | - María Varela-García
- Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases (NEIRID Group), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (M.F.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (C.T.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Carlos Torrijos Pulpón
- Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases (NEIRID Group), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (M.F.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (C.T.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Rebeca Bouza
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Física y Ciencias de la Tierra, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica, Universidade da Coruña, Serantes, Avda. 19 de Febrero s/n, 15471 Ferrol, Spain;
| | - Francisca Lago
- Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Lab, Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Jesus Pino
- Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases (NEIRID Group), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (M.F.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (C.T.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases (NEIRID Group), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (M.F.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (C.T.P.); (O.G.)
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Yong HW, Ferron M, Mecteau M, Mihalache-Avram T, Lévesque S, Rhéaume É, Tardif JC, Kakkar A. Single Functional Group Platform for Multistimuli Responsivities: Tertiary Amine for CO 2/pH/ROS-Triggered Cargo Release in Nanocarriers. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4064-4077. [PMID: 37647594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The design of multistimuli-responsive soft nanoparticles (NPs) often presents synthetic complexities and limited breadth in exploiting changes surrounding physiological environments. Nanocarriers that could collectively take advantage of several endogenous stimuli can offer a powerful tool in nanomedicine. Herein, we have capitalized on the chemical versatility of a single tertiary amine to construct miktoarm polymer-based nanocarriers that respond to dissolved CO2, varied pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ROS + CO2. Curcumin (Cur), an anti-inflammatory phytopharmaceutic, was loaded into micelles, and we validated the sensitivity of the tertiary amine in tuning Cur release. An in vitro evaluation indicated that Cur encapsulation strongly suppressed its toxicity at high concentrations, significantly inhibited nigericin-induced secretion of interleukin-1β by THP-1 macrophages, and the proportion of M2/M1 (anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory macrophages) was higher for Cur-loaded NPs than for free Cur. Our approach highlights the potential of a simple-by-design strategy in expanding the scope of polymeric NPs in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen Yong
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Marine Ferron
- Research Center, Montréal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Mélanie Mecteau
- Research Center, Montréal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Teodora Mihalache-Avram
- Research Center, Montréal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lévesque
- Montréal Health Innovations Coordinating Center, 5000 Belanger Street, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Éric Rhéaume
- Research Center, Montréal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Research Center, Montréal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
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