1
|
Merkwitz C, Lochhead P, Tsikolia N, Koch D, Sygnecka K, Sakurai M, Spanel-Borowski K, Ricken AM. Expression of KIT in the ovary, and the role of somatic precursor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 46:131-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
2
|
Spanel-Borowski K. Five different phenotypes of endothelial cell cultures from the bovine corpus luteum: present outcome and role of potential dendritic cells in luteolysis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 338:38-45. [PMID: 21371521 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Progress in understanding the background of structural luteolysis depends on insights into the physiological function of innate immunity (INIM), in particular the presence of dendritic cells (DCs) in the corpus luteum (CL). For this reason, the cultures of five endothelial cell-like phenotypes derived from the bovine CL and their long-lasting analysis (morphology, function, and origin) become important. Types 1 and 2 represent microvascular endothelial cells with cytokeratin (CK) expression, assumed to be danger-sensing cells. Types 3 and 4 express features of common endothelial cells. Type 5 indicates a steroidogenic cell type, which could be derived from steroidogenic CK(+) cells in the CL of development after loss of CK expression. Type 5 is a promising candidate to become a mature DC. It might act with the microvascular CK(+) cell/type 1 like a luteovascular unit, which connects INIM with adaptive/cell-mediated immunity (ADIM) in structural luteolysis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Merkwitz C, Ricken AM, Lösche A, Sakurai M, Spanel-Borowski K. Progenitor cells harvested from bovine follicles become endothelial cells. Differentiation 2010; 79:203-10. [PMID: 20303645 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic-like colonies develop in post-confluent granulosa cell cultures derived from bovine antral follicles. Previously, we had shown that these colonies gave rise to macrophages. In the present study, we validated the presence of somatic KIT-positive (KIT(+)) progenitor cells in colony-containing granulosa cell cultures. The cultures expressed the progenitor cell markers Sox-2, Oct 3/4, KIT, and alkaline phosphatase in western blot analysis. The successful double immunofluorescence localization of KIT and CD14, CD45, CD133, or VEGF-R2 revealed a specific subpopulation of progenitor cells. Flow cytometry showed that cells doubly positive for KIT and CD14 or CD45 comprised less than 10% of the population. The KIT(+) cells were purified by magnetic selection and differentiated with the hanging drop technique using haematopoietic differentiation medium. Pure cultures of either granulosa cells or endothelial cells were obtained. The spindle-shaped and epithelioid phenotypes indicated endothelial cell heterogeneity of microvascular source. We conclude that progenitor cells are obtained from the follicle harvest, which differentiate into endothelial cells. The cells are relevant for findings to angiogenesis and luteinization of the corpus luteum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Merkwitz
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 13, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koch D, Sakurai M, Hummitzsch K, Hermsdorf T, Erdmann S, Schwalbe S, Stolzenburg JU, Spanel-Borowski K, Ricken AM. KIT variants in bovine ovarian cells and corpus luteum. Growth Factors 2009; 27:100-13. [PMID: 19225962 DOI: 10.1080/08977190802707571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the presence of KIT variants in granulosa and thecal cells of the follicle and endothelial and steroidogenic cells of the corpus luteum. Transcripts of both full-length splice variants, KIT and KITA, were ubiquitously detected in all cell types, in contrast to transcripts for truncated KIT. RT-PCR with exon-intron-specific primers suggested that KIT transcripts retained intron sequences. We used domain-specific KIT antibodies to identify truncated KIT proteins in cell conditioned media and lysates. These proteins represented soluble KIT and a so far disregarded intracellular KIT fragment, and were ubiquitously present. In contrast, glycosylated variants of full-length KIT were predominantly detected in thecal and endothelial cells. All KIT variants were encountered again in COS-7 cells transfected with a vector containing KITA. Phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate treatment induced levels of truncated KITs, and this effect was repressed by the metalloproteinase inhibitor TAPI-1. Our findings show that ectodomain cleavage of full-length KIT generates an intracellular KIT. Our experiments suggest that replenishing full-length KIT differs among various ovarian cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Koch
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
CHERRY JA, HOU X, RUEDA BR, DAVIS JS, TOWNSON DH. Microvascular Endothelial Cells of the Bovine Corpus Luteum: A Comparative Examination of the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy. J Reprod Dev 2008; 54:183-91. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.19182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ann CHERRY
- Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, University of New Hampshire
| | - Xiaoying HOU
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Bo Ruben RUEDA
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School
| | - John Stewart DAVIS
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Erdmann S, Ricken A, Merkwitz C, Struman I, Castino R, Hummitzsch K, Gaunitz F, Isidoro C, Martial J, Spanel-Borowski K. The expression of prolactin and its cathepsin D-mediated cleavage in the bovine corpus luteum vary with the estrous cycle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293:E1365-77. [PMID: 17785503 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00280.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the corpus luteum (CL), blood vessels develop, stabilize, and regress. This process depends on the ratio of pro- and antiangiogenic factors, which change during the ovarian cycle. The present study focuses on the possible roles of 23,000 (23K) prolactin (PRL) in the bovine CL and its antiangiogenic NH(2)-terminal fragments after extracellular cleavage by cathepsin D (Cath D). PRL RNA and protein were demonstrated in the CL tissue, in luteal endothelial cells, and in steroidogenic cells. Cath D was detected in CL tissue, cell extracts, and corresponding cell supernatants. In the intact CL, 23K PRL levels decreased gradually, whereas Cath D levels concomitantly increased between early and late luteal stages. In vitro, PRL cleavage occurred in the presence of acidified homogenates of CL tissue, cells, and corresponding cell supernatants. Similar fragments were obtained with purified Cath D, and their appearance was inhibited by pepstatin A. The aspartic protease specific substrate MOCAc-GKPILF~FRLK(Dnp)-D-R-NH(2) was cleaved by CL cell supernatants, providing further evidence for Cath D activity. The 16,000 PRL inhibited proliferation of luteal endothelial cells accompanied by an increase in cleaved caspase-3. In conclusion, 1) the bovine CL is able to produce PRL and to process it into antiangiogenic fragments by Cath D activity and 2) PRL cleavage might mediate angioregression during luteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Erdmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fields MJ, Fields PA. Morphological characteristics of the bovine corpus luteum during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Theriogenology 2007; 45:1295-325. [PMID: 16727884 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(96)00099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/1995] [Accepted: 03/05/1996] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The corpus luteum, one of the biological clocks of the estrous cycle and pregnancy, is known foremost for its production of progesterone that blocks the pituitary release of gonadotropins and prepares the uterus for a pregnancy. The cellular sources of this progesterone are the steroidogenic small and large luteal cells. Other luteal cells that are not steroidogenic, but are believed to have an important role in the function of this gland are the fibroblast, macrophages and endothelial cells. The most prominent luteal cell is the large steroidogenic cell characterized by an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and densely packed spherical mitochondria that are indicative of its contribution to most of the circulating progesterone believed to be constitutively secreted and not under the control of LH. Other distinguishing features of the large luteal cell are the presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum, prominent Golgi, and secretory granules that are indicative of endocrine cells. This cell undergoes dynamic changes across the estrous cycle and pregnancy, believed to reflect a change in progesterone and protein secretion that will eventually influence a successful pregnancy or another ovulation if pregnancy fails. The morphological characteristics of the bovine luteal cells are the focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Fields
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ricken AM, Traenkner A, Merkwitz C, Hummitzsch K, Grosche J, Spanel-Borowski K. The short prolactin receptor predominates in endothelial cells of micro- and macrovascular origin. J Vasc Res 2006; 44:19-30. [PMID: 17164560 DOI: 10.1159/000097892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversial reports on prolactin receptors (PRL-R), the long and short form, on endothelial cells (EC) may be explained by the choice of EC derived from the micro- and macrovascular bed of either endocrine and non-endocrine organs. METHODS We studied here PRL-R expression in organs [bovine corpus luteum (CL), umbilical vein, aorta] and in organ-derived EC cultures. RESULTS In the intact CL, both PRL-R forms were present at mRNA and protein level throughout the oestrous cycle stages. The short form prevailed as protein. PRL-R-positive EC were noted by immunofluorescent staining in arterial blood vessels of CL septa, in the umbilical vein and the aorta. In EC cultures of micro- and macrovascular origin, transcripts of both PRL-R forms were shown; again the short-form protein prevailed. Blocking experiments with anti-prolactin (PRL) antibody led to a 60% decrease in cell growth. Treatment with PRL had no effect. CONCLUSION PRL-R expression in micro- and macrovascular EC is associated with the predominant short form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert M Ricken
- Department of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 13, DE-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Immunohistochemical Study on the TNFα-Secreting Macrophages and Endothelial Cells in the Porcine Corpus Luteum. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2005.47.5.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Davis JS, Rueda BR, Spanel-Borowski K. Microvascular endothelial cells of the corpus luteum. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2003; 1:89. [PMID: 14613535 PMCID: PMC305343 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2003] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic nature of the capillary bed in the corpus luteum offers a unique experimental model to examine the life cycle of endothelial cells, involving discrete physiologically regulated steps of angiogenesis, blood vessel maturation and blood vessel regression. The granulosa cells and theca cells of the developing antral follicle and the steroidogenic cells of the corpus luteum produce and respond to angiogenic factors and vasoactive peptides. Following ovulation the neovascularization during the early stages of corpus luteum development has been compared to the rapid angiogenesis observed during tumor formation. On the other end of the spectrum, the microvascular endothelial cells are the first cells to undergo apoptosis at the onset of corpus luteum regression. Important insights on the morphology and function of luteal endothelial cells have been gained from a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies on endothelial cells. Endothelial cells communicate with cells comprising the functional unit of the corpus luteum, i.e., other vascular cells, steroidogenic cells, and immune cells. This review is designed to provide an overview of the types of endothelial cells present in the corpus luteum and their involvement in corpus luteum development and regression. Available evidence indicates that microvascular endothelial cells of the corpus luteum are not alike, and may differ during the process of angiogenesis and angioregression. The contributions of vasoactive peptides generated by the luteal endothelin-1 and the renin-angiotensin systems are discussed in context with the function of endothelial cells during corpus luteum formation and regression. The ability of two cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma, are evaluated as paracrine mediators of endothelial cell function during angioregression. Finally, chemokines are discussed as a vital endothelial cell secretory products that contribute to the recruitment of eosinophils and macrophages. The review highlights areas for future investigation of ovarian microvascular endothelial cells. The potential clinical applications of research directed on corpus luteum endothelial cells are intriguing considering reproductive processes in which vascular dysfunctions may play a role such as ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Davis
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 and VA Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, USA
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Herrman G, Missfelder H, Spanel-Borowski K. Lectin binding patterns in two cultured endothelial cell types derived from bovine corpus luteum. Histochem Cell Biol 1996; 105:129-37. [PMID: 8852434 DOI: 10.1007/bf01696152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells of different phenotypes derived from bovine corpus luteum have been studied intensively in our laboratory. In this study, specific lectin binding was examined for cells of type 1 and 3, which were defined as endothelial cells. In order to confirm differences in their glycocalyx at the light microscopic level, five biotinylated lectins were applied to postconfluent cultures which had been fixed with buffered paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. Cells were not permeabilized with any detergent. Lectin binding was localized with a streptavidin-peroxidase complex which was visualized with two different techniques. The DAB technique detected peroxidase histochemically, while the immunogold technique used an anti-peroxidase gold complex together with silver amplification. Neither cell type 1 nor cell type 3 bound a particular lectin selectively, yet each cell type expressed a particular lectin binding pattern. With the DAB technique, diverse lectin binding patterns were seen, probably indicating either "outside" binding, i.e., a diffuse pattern, a lateral-cell-side pattern and a microvillus-like pattern, or "inside" binding, i.e., a diffuse pattern, and a granule-like pattern. With the immunogold technique, only "outside" binding was observed. In addition, the patterns of single cilia or of single circles were detected, the latter roughly representing 3-micron-sized binding sites for concanavalin A. When localizing them at the ultrastructural level, single circles corresponded with micron-sized discontinuities of the plasma membrane. Shedding vesicles were detected whose outer membrane was labelled with concanavalin A. Our results confirm the diversity of the two cell types under study. The "inside" lectin binding may be caused by way of transient plasma membrane openings and related to shedding of right-side out vesicles ("ectocytosis").
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Herrman
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|