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Guerra LHA, Campos SGP, Taboga SR, Vilamaior PSL. Prostatic morphological changes throughout life: Cytochemistry as a tool to reveal tissue aging markers. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1020-1030. [PMID: 38186358 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The prostate undergoes normal or pathological morphological changes throughout life. An understanding of these changes is fundamental for the comprehension of aging-related pathological processes such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and cancer. In the present study, we show some of these morphological changes, as well as histochemical techniques like Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin method, Picrosirius Red, and Gömöri's reticulin for use as tools in the study of prostate tissue under light microscopy. For this purpose, prostates of the Mongolian gerbil (n = 9), an experimental model that develops BPH spontaneously, were analyzed at three life stages: young (1 month old), adult (3 months old), and old (15 months old). The results showed that fibrillar components such as collagen, and reticular and elastic fibers, change throughout life. In young animals, the prostate has cuboidal epithelium surrounded by thin layers of smooth muscle, continuous collagen fibers, winding reticular fibers, and sporadic elastic fibers. With adulthood, the epithelium becomes columnar, encircled by compacted muscle cells among slender collagen fibers, elongated reticular fibers, and linear elastic fibers. In aging individuals, the prostate's epithelium stratifies, surrounded by thick muscle layers among dense collagen fibers, disordered reticular fibers, and elastic fibers in different planes. We also identified a few accumulations of lipid droplets and lipofuscin granules in adult animals and high accumulation in old animals evidenced by Oil red O and Gömöri-Halmi techniques, respectively. The histochemical techniques presented here have been demonstrated to be useful and accessible tools in prostate studies. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Cytochemical techniques to study prostate morphology. The prostate changes with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Gisele Pegorin Campos
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zucão MI, Grigio V, Guerra LHA, Antoniassi JQ, Castro NFDC, Taboga SR, Vilamaior PSL. Aging effects in adrenal cortex of male Mongolian gerbil: A model for endocrine studies. Steroids 2024; 203:109366. [PMID: 38242273 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones that act in the homeostasis of organisms. During aging, alterations in the hormonal balance affect the adrenal glands, but these have not yet been fully described due to the lack of adequate animal models. The adrenal gland of the Mongolian gerbil has a morphology similar to the primate's adrenal gland, which makes it a possible animal model for endocrine studies. Therefore, the current study aimed to study the morphophysiology of the adrenal gland under the effect of aging. For this purpose, males Meriones unguiculatus, aged three, six, nine, twelve, and fifteen months were used. Morphometric, immunohistochemical, and hormonal analyses were performed. It was observed that during aging the adrenal gland presents hypertrophy of the fasciculata and reticularis zones. Lipofuscin accumulation was observed during aging, in addition to changes in proliferation, cell death, and cell receptors. The analyses also showed that the gerbil presents steroidogenic enzymes and the production of steroid hormones, such as DHEA, like that found in humans. The data provide the first comprehensive assessment of the morphophysiology of the Mongolian gerbil adrenal cortex during aging, indicating that this species is a possible experimental model for studies of the adrenal gland and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Ilario Zucão
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Grigio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Quilles Antoniassi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayara Fernanda da Costa Castro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ruiz TFR, Leonel ECR, Colleta SJ, Bedolo CM, Pegorin de Campos SG, Taboga SR. Gestational and lactational xenoestrogen exposure disrupts morphology and inflammatory aspects in mammary gland of gerbil mothers during involution. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 89:103785. [PMID: 34896274 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the mammary gland (MG), the developmental window for gestational/lactational differentiation and growth is highly vulnerable to hormonal disruption. Here we describe that the MG involution process in female gerbil mothers is delayed by bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during gestation and lactation. The process is directly influenced by changes in expression of extracellular matrix proteases MMP-2, MMP-9, and FAP, and the incidence of collagen and elastin is reduced after 7 and 14 days of weaning. A pro-inflammatory environment in the late involution process was confirmed by higher expression of TNF-α, COX-2 and phospho-STAT3 n the MG stroma, allied to increases in the incidence of macrophages and mast cells. These aspects impacted the proliferative pattern of epithelial cells, which decreased on the 14th post-weaning day. These data confirm that the milk production window of susceptibility is vulnerable to the impact of BPA, which promotes a suggestive pro-tumoral microenvironment during mammary involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Câmpus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Simone Jacovaci Colleta
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Marques Bedolo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Gisele Pegorin de Campos
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ruiz TFR, Colleta SJ, Zuccari DAPDC, Vilamaior PSL, Leonel ECR, Taboga SR. Hormone receptor expression in aging mammary tissue and carcinoma from a rodent model after xenoestrogen disruption. Life Sci 2021; 285:120010. [PMID: 34606849 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hormone receptors are the main markers applied for prognosis of breast cancer subtypes. Among modulators, exogenous chemical agents known as endocrine disruptors interact with certain receptors, triggering molecular pathways or increasing their expression. Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogen, interacts with several hormone receptors. Thus, our aim was to characterize the hormone receptor status in the mammary gland (MG) of aged female Mongolian gerbils exposed to BPA in pregnancy and lactation. METHODS We evaluated the expression of receptors for estrogens (ERα and ERβ), progesterone (PR), prolactin (PRL-R), HER2/ErbB2, and androgen (AR) in normal and hyperplastic mammary tissue and in carcinomas developed after BPA exposure. KEY FINDINGS BPA-exposed MG presented increased ERα, whereas ERβ, PR, and PRL-R showed lower expression. AR and HER2/ErbB2 showed similar expression in normal and hyperplastic tissue from control, vehicle, and BPA groups. Both receptors were found in cytoplasm and nucleus in BPA-induced carcinoma. We demonstrate the presence of EZH2 expression, an epigenetic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, with a high H-score in BPA-exposed MG, which was associated with poor prognosis of cancer. Co-localization of ERα and EZH2 was present in normal and carcinoma features, corroborating the installation of ERα-positive mammary cancer associated with the EMT process. Enhanced EZH2 in BPA-exposed mammary tissue could decrease ERβ expression and promote tumorigenesis progress through HER2/ErbB2. SIGNIFICANCE The present study proposes the Mongolian gerbil as an experimental model for mammary carcinogenesis studies, based on BPA disruption that triggers a phenotype of increased ERα/HER2 positivity and depletion of ERβ/PR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Simone Jacovaci Colleta
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB III), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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5
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Faustino-Rocha AI, Seixas F, Ferreira R, Silva J, Pires MJ, Fardilha M, Ginja MÁ, Oliveira PA. Ultrasonographic Follow-up of the Multistep Protocol for Prostate Cancer Induction in Wistar Rats. In Vivo 2021; 34:1797-1803. [PMID: 32606149 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM This work intended to improve the knowledge of the rat model of prostate cancer (PCa) by ultrasonographic monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into control (n=8) and PCa (n=14) groups. PCa development was induced in the PCa group through the sequential administration of the anti-androgenic drug flutamide, testosterone propionate and the carcinogenic N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. The prostate was evaluated by ultrasonography at five timepoints along 49 weeks of the experimental protocol. Ventral prostate lobes were observed in all ultrasonographic examinations. RESULTS The ventral prostate area of the control group increased gradually between the first and the last ultrasonographic examination. The ventral prostate area of PCa groups decreased due to flutamide administration and increased after androgen and carcinogen administration. The area of the dorsal prostate lobe increased between the fourth and the fifth ultrasonographic examination. In the last ultrasonographic examination, hypoechoic and anechoic lesions were observed in the PCa group. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting a follow-up of rat prostatic dimensions by ultrasonography. Ultrasonography is a feasible approach for prostate cancer monitoring in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Faustino-Rocha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal .,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jessica Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria J Pires
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - MÁrio Ginja
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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6
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Muermann MM, Wassersug RJ. Prostate Cancer From a Sex and Gender Perspective: A Review. Sex Med Rev 2021; 10:142-154. [PMID: 34108132 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Factors influencing patient behavior regarding risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and outcomes of PCa treatments are poorly understood. Similarly, how PCa treatments affect patient sexual function and sense of their masculinity has not been fully investigated. A better understanding of the relationship between sex and gender for patients with PCa could significantly improve their care and quality of life. OBJECTIVES To review how concerns about sex and gender influence men's attitudes toward PCa screening, diagnosis, and treatment. To explore how PCa influences sexual function and self-perceived masculine identity. To examine contexts for PSA screening for transgender individuals. METHODS We reviewed biomedical and sociological literature exploring the impact of PCa on patient sexual function and self-perceived masculinity using OVID, PubMed, and other databases. We similarly reviewed how masculine gender norms influence patient willingness to engage with PCa screening, diagnoses, and treatment. RESULTS Gender norms and sexual function concerns influence patient engagement in all aspects of PCa care. This includes PSA screening, digital rectal examinations, active surveillance, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) amongst others. ADT is particularly challenging to sexual function, self-esteem, and masculine identity. Our research suggests that sex and gender are not separate concepts, but rather tightly intertwined, particularly when dealing with the realities experienced by patients with PCa. CONCLUSION Interventions to help patients deal with the challenges of PCa and its treatment are likely to be most effective if they concurrently address patients' sexual needs and understanding of gender norms. PSA screening should be considered for transgender individuals who are at greater risk of cancer and on long-term hormone therapy. More research is needed on how concerns over sex and gender influence PCa screening, diagnosis, and treatment. There is also a need for long term data on the oncological outcomes of prolonged exposure to hormone therapy for patients who are transgender. Muermann MM, Wassersug RJ. Prostate Cancer From a Sex and Gender Perspective: A Review. Sex Med Rev 2021;XX:XXX-XXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Muermann
- School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard J Wassersug
- Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Ginja M, Pires MJ, Gonzalo-Orden JM, Seixas F, Correia-Cardoso M, Ferreira R, Fardilha M, Oliveira PA, Faustino-Rocha AI. Anatomy and Imaging of Rat Prostate: Practical Monitoring in Experimental Cancer-Induced Protocols. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:E68. [PMID: 31262045 PMCID: PMC6787576 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat has been frequently used as a model to study several human diseases, including cancer. In many research protocols using cancer models, researchers find it difficult to perform several of the most commonly used techniques and to compare their results. Although the protocols for the study of carcinogenesis are based on the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of organs, few studies focus on the use of imaging. The use of imaging modalities to monitor the development of cancer avoids the need for intermediate sacrifice to assess the status of induced lesions, thus reducing the number of animals used in experiments. Our work intends to provide a complete and systematic overview of rat prostate anatomy and imaging, facilitating the monitoring of prostate cancer development through different imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Ginja
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria J Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José M Gonzalo-Orden
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Miguel Correia-Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana I Faustino-Rocha
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies (ULHT), 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
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Zanatelli M, Custodio AMG, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Góes RM, Falleiros LR, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Ovariectomy increases the phenotypic plasticity of the female prostate epithelium in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1751-1762. [PMID: 27737729 DOI: 10.1071/rd16037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The female prostate is a reproductive gland that typically presents a morphology similar to that of the male gland and is highly developed in female Mongolian gerbils. Two main cell populations compose the epithelium gland: basal and secretory luminal cells. However, during postnatal development, diverse secretory cell phenotypes are distributed among the typical ones. Prostate homeostasis is under the control of sexual hormones, such as oestrogen and progesterone. After hormonal deprivation the female gland undergoes several morphophysiological changes. The objective of this study was to identify and characterise, structurally and ultrastructurally, the cellular heterogeneity of the female prostate epithelium in normal conditions and after ovariectomy. Histological routine stains, such as haematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and silver impregnation, as well as immunocytochemical techniques were used to enable identification of the different cell types. Some secretory cells types were identified and characterised as mucinous, basophil, clear, ciliated, droplet, spumous and neuroendocrine cells. Population tally data showed that the hormonal suppression caused by ovariectomy resulted in a decrease in the proportions of basophil and clear cells and an increase in spumous cells. Thus, the secretory epithelial cells of the female gerbil prostate are not morphologically and functionally uniform, presenting a phenotypical plasticity according to the hormonal environment in which they operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zanatelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M G Custodio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goiás, UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goiás, UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Falleiros
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, UNESP/IBILCE, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, UNESP/IBILCE, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Nascimento-Gonçalves E, Faustino-Rocha AI, Seixas F, Ginja M, Colaço B, Ferreira R, Fardilha M, Oliveira PA. Modelling human prostate cancer: Rat models. Life Sci 2018; 203:210-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Facina CH, Campos SGP, Gonçalves BF, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Long-term oral exposure to safe dose of bisphenol A in association with high-fat diet stimulate the prostatic lesions in a rodent model for prostate cancer. Prostate 2018; 78:152-163. [PMID: 29148069 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that exposure to environmental chemicals known as endocrine disruptors can cause permanent changes in genital organs, such as the prostate. Among these environmental chemicals stands out bisphenol A (BPA). Another factor associated with prostate changes is the consumption of a high-fat diet. Although the relationship between the consumption of a high-fat diet and an increased risk of prostate cancer is well established, the mechanisms that lead to the establishment of this disease are not completely understood, nor the simultaneous action of BPA and high-fat diet. METHODS Adult gerbils (100 days old) were divided in four groups (n = 6 per group): Control (C): animals that received a control diet and filtered water; Diet (D): animals that received a high-fat diet and filtered water; BPA: animals that received a control diet and BPA - 50 µg kg-1 day-1 in drinking water; BPA + Diet (BPA + D): animals that received a high-fat diet + BPA - 50 µg kg-1 day-1 in drinking water. After the experimental period (6 months), the dorsolateral and ventral prostate lobes were removed, and analyzed by several methods. RESULTS Histological analysis indicated premalignant and malignant lesions in both prostatic lobes. However, animals of the D, BPA, and BPA + D groups showed a higher incidence and larger number of prostatic lesions; inflammatory foci were also common. Markers to assess prostate lesions, such as increased activation of the DNA repair system (PCNA-positive cells), androgen receptor (AR), and number of basal cells, confirmed the histology. However, serum levels of testosterone did not change under the experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the methodology used was effective in generating metabolic changes, which directly compromised prostatic homeostasis. Diet and BPA appear to modulate the activation of the AR pathway and thereby optimize tumor establishment in the gerbil prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila H Facina
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - IBILCE - Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana G P Campos
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - IBILCE - Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - IBILCE - Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - IBILCE - Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Instituto de Biologia - IB, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - IBILCE - Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - IBILCE - Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Instituto de Biologia - IB, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sanches BD, Maldarine JS, Zani BC, Biancardi MF, Santos FC, Góes RM, Vilamaior PS, Taboga SR. The Expression of the Androgen Receptor and Estrogen Receptor 1 is Related to Sex Dimorphism in the Gerbil Prostate Development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1130-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D.A. Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel S/N Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana S. Maldarine
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo; Universal Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São José Do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bruno C. Zani
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo; Universal Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São José Do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Manoel F. Biancardi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel S/N Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo; Universal Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São José Do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda C.A. Santos
- Department of Morphology; Federal University of Goias, Samambaia II; Goiania Goias Brazil
| | - Rejane M. Góes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel S/N Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo; Universal Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São José Do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Patricia S.L. Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo; Universal Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São José Do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sebastião R. Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel S/N Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo; Universal Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São José Do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
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12
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Sanches BDA, Zani BC, Maldarine JS, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Postnatal development of Mongolian gerbil female prostate: An immunohistochemical and 3D modeling study. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:438-46. [PMID: 26971884 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of the prostate in male rodents, which involves complex epithelial-mesenchymal interactions between the urogenital sinus epithelium (UGE) and the urogenital sinus mesenchyme (UGM), has been deeply studied. In females, however, this process is not very clear. In this study, the postnatal development of the prostate in female Mongolian gerbils employing three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions, histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques was characterized. It was observed that prostatic branching and differentiation in females was induced by a single mesenchyme localized at a ventrolateral position, which was named as ventrolateral mesenchyme (VLM); furthermore, the canalization of solid buds began on the third postnatal day (P3) and the branching morphogenesis on P5. We observed secretions in the acini at the end of the first month, and, on P45, the acini were completely differentiated. The strong cell proliferation phase in the first week coincided with the mesenchymal expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). The expression of androgen receptor (AR) paralleled cell differentiation, and, on P30, immunolabelling with p63 was restricted to basal cells. This study serves as a baseline parameter for future research on disruptions that could affect the development of the female prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Av. Bertrand Russel s/n, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Zani
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goias, Samambaia II, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goias, Samambaia II, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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de Lima RF, Rodriguez DAO, Campos MS, Biancardi MF, dos Santos IFFR, de Oliveira WD, Cavasin GM, Marques MR, Taboga SR, Santos FCA. Bisphenol-A promotes antiproliferative effects during neonatal prostate development in male and female gerbils. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 58:238-45. [PMID: 26529182 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of male and female neonatal gerbil prostate under normal conditions and exposed to bisphenol-A (BPA). Normal postnatal development of the female gerbil prostate occurs earlier than and is morphologically distinct from that occurring in males. In BPA-exposed PND8 gerbils, we have not observed evidence of alterations in the ductal branching in either gender. However, the exposure to BPA alters the immunolabeling pattern of AR, ERα, and PCNA. In males, the exposure to high dosages of BPA resulted in a decrease in the proliferative status of the developing ventral prostate. In females, both high and low dosages were sufficient to decrease the proliferation of paraurethral buds in the branching process by more than 50%. Therefore, the obtained data indicate that BPA promotes antiproliferative effects during the neonatal development of the gerbil prostate, with more sensitivity to this endocrine disruptor in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Fernandes de Lima
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Daniel Andrés Osório Rodriguez
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Mônica Souza Campos
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054000, Brazil
| | - Manoel Francisco Biancardi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | | | - Wendyson Duarte de Oliveira
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Maria Cavasin
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Mara Rubia Marques
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054000, Brazil
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14
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Gonçalves BF, Campos SGPD, Costa CF, Scarano WR, Góes RM, Taboga SR. Key participants of the tumor microenvironment of the prostate: an approach of the structural dynamic of cellular elements and extracellular matrix components during epithelial-stromal transition. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:4-13. [PMID: 25466989 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multistep process that begins with the transformation of normal epithelial cells and continues with tumor growth, stromal invasion and metastasis. The remodeling of the peritumoral environment is decisive for the onset of tumor invasiveness. This event is dependent on epithelial-stromal interactions, degradation of extracellular matrix components and reorganization of fibrillar components. Our research group has studied in a new proposed rodent model the participation of cellular and molecular components in the prostate microenvironment that contributes to cancer progression. Our group adopted the gerbil Meriones unguiculatus as an alternative experimental model for prostate cancer study. This model has presented significant responses to hormonal treatments and to development of spontaneous and induced neoplasias. The data obtained indicate reorganization of type I collagen fibers and reticular fibers, synthesis of new components such as tenascin and proteoglycans, degradation of basement membrane components and elastic fibers and increased expression of metalloproteinases. Fibroblasts that border the region, apparently participate in the stromal reaction. The roles of each of these events, as well as some signaling molecules, participants of neoplastic progression and factors that promote genetic reprogramming during epithelial-stromal transition are also discussed.
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15
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Zanatelli M, Silva DAL, Shinohara FZ, Góes RM, Santos FCA, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Actions of oestradiol and progesterone on the prostate in female gerbils: reversal of the histological effects of castration. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014; 26:540-50. [PMID: 23677028 DOI: 10.1071/rd12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The female prostate is a functionally active gland in several mammalian species, including humans and rodents. Investigations of prostate morphophysiology during the phases of the oestrous cycle have shown that the female prostate is influenced by fluctuations in serum concentrations of oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combined prolonged administration of E2 and P4 on the prostate in ovariectomised female gerbils. Ovariectomy caused atrophy and decreased glandular secretory activity. Administration of E2 and P4 (0.1mgkg(-1) diluted in 0.1mL of mineral oil, every 48h over 30 days) resulted in a recovery of overall prostate structure, as evidenced by increased epithelial height, mass and prostatic secretory activity, without leading the appearance of significant lesions. Evaluation of androgen receptor (AR) expression revealed increased immunoreactivity in the E2+P4-treated group. Immunostaining for oestrogen receptor (ER) α was decreased in the castrated groups, but increased in the group subjected to hormone treatment. There were no significant differences in ERβ immunoreactivity among the groups. Assessment of cell proliferation revealed greater immunoreactivity in the treated group. Together, the results indicate that the interaction between E2 and P4 may be responsible for maintaining female prostate gland histophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zanatelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego A L Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe Z Shinohara
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, CP 131, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Campos SG, Gonçalves BF, Scarano WR, Góes RM, Taboga SR. Phenotypic and metabolic aspects of prostatic epithelial cells in aged gerbils after antisteroidal therapy: turnover in the state of chromatin condensation and androgen-independent cell replacement. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:204-13. [PMID: 23942056 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The gerbil is a rodent considered a good model for studies of prostatic morphophysiology under different experimental conditions. Studies involving castration and steroidal blockers of aged gerbils showed that the glandular epithelium persists after long-term therapy, preventing the organ atrophy. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics and behavior of prostatic epithelial cells that remained after different periods of hormone ablation in aged gerbils. The identification of elements that influenced the survival of this cell type was performed by morphometric, nuclear phenotypes, ultrastructural and immune histochemical analysis. The most significant responses to treatment, by analyzing morphometric features, were observed during the first three time points (day 1, day 3, and day 7), after which there appeared to be an adjustment of the gland to the hormone ablation. All treatments led to changes in the state of chromatin condensation, DNA methylation pattern and phenotypic changes indicated cell senescence. Additionally, an increase in the basal cells seemed to guarantee self-renewal properties to the epithelium. These data indicate that changes occur at many levels, including gene expression and nuclear architecture in the epithelial cells, when aging and steroidal blockade are associated. These aspects are important when considering castration-resistant prostate cancer, a malignant tumor posing difficult therapeutic intervention.
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17
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Oliveira SM, Santos FC, Corradi LS, Goes RM, Vilamaior PS, Taboga SR. Microscopic evaluation of proliferative disorders in the gerbil female prostate: Evidence of aging and the influence of multiple pregnancies. Micron 2011; 42:712-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Santos FCA, Rochel-Maia SS, Fochi RA, Justulin LA, Santos SAA, Vilamaior PSL, Felisbino SL, Góes RM, Taboga SR. MMP-2 and MMP-9 localization and activity in the female prostate during estrous cycle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 173:419-27. [PMID: 21767538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The gerbil female prostate undergoes morphological and physiological changes resulting from hormonal fluctuations that occur during the reproductive cycle. These repetitive cycles of glandular growth and regression are followed by an extensive reconstruction and remodeling of prostate stroma throughout the reproductive life of the female gerbil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that the hormonal fluctuations of the reproductive cycle have on the stromal remodeling and the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and -9 in the adult female gerbil prostate. For this, serological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and biochemical methods were employed. The results showed that the major stromal alteration coincide with the peak of estradiol, which occurs in estrus, and with the peak of progesterone, occurring during diestrus II. MMP-2 and -9 presented a similar pattern of expression and activity during estrous cycle. The estrus was the phase of greater expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9. On the other hand, in DI and DII, the tissue expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9 was very weak. These results are important since they suggest the involvement of estradiol and progesterone in regulating the expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9 in adult gerbil female prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biology Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás 74001-970, Brazil
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19
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Campos SGP, Gonçalves BF, Scarano WR, Corradi LS, Santos FCA, Custodio AMG, Vilamaior PSL, Góes RM, Taboga SR. Tissue changes in senescent gerbil prostate after hormone deprivation leads to acquisition of androgen insensitivity. Int J Exp Pathol 2010; 91:394-407. [PMID: 20353424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2010.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the response of the prostate epithelium of senescent gerbils submitted to orchiectomy and with or without steroidal blockade. Animals were divided into five groups, all surgically castrated except the control group composed of intact animals. In the experimental groups, doses of flutamide and/or tamoxifen were applied for 1, 3, 7 and 30 days postcastration. The structural methods applied reveal that castration, whether associated or not with anti-steroidal drugs, promoted short- and long-term decrease in wet and relative weights of the prostate. The quantitative decline of epithelial compartment proportion observed at the end of treatment was due to the sum of slight changes in the epithelium and lumen. The apoptotic index had risen significantly at 1 day and declined at 7 days postcastration. Androgen receptor (AR) expression decreased after 3 days of hormonal ablation, coinciding with the highest levels of apoptosis and cell proliferation observed in all treated groups. The majority of cells remained differentiated in all groups due to CK 8/18 expression. Some animals remained with injuries such as carcinomas and adenocarcinomas after hormonal ablation. In the latter a mixture of AR-positive and AR-negative cells was identified. Microinvasive carcinomas found in the group treated for 30 days consisted of PCNA-positive, inflammatory and non-proliferating cells. Low apoptosis incidence and bcl-2 positive cells were observed in these lesions. The treatments promoted a reduction of lesions in older gerbils, but treatment-resistant tumours will improve understanding of the events that lead to hormone resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana G P Campos
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences - IBILCE, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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20
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Custodio AMG, Santos FCA, Campos SGP, Vilamaior PSL, Oliveira SM, Góes RM, Taboga SR. Disorders related with ageing in the gerbil female prostate (Skene's paraurethral glands). Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 91:132-43. [PMID: 20041966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The female organs, which are regulated by steroid hormones, are targets of studies especially those related to senescence. However, although the female prostate is an organ influenced by hormones and susceptible to lesions, there is still little information about its histopathology. Thus, given the morphophysiological similarity between the prostate in women and female gerbils, the present study aimed to identify the spontaneous histopathological changes in this rodent to provide contributions to the understanding of lesions that also affect the human female prostate. The structural, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, morphometric-stereological and serological aspects, as well as the quantification of the incidence, multiplicity and percentage of acini affected by different lesions were analyzed. Benign prostate lesions including hyperplasia, prostatitis, microcalculi and calculi; preneoplastic lesions like dysplasias; premalignant lesions, such as high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia as well as malignant ones, specifically adenocarcinoma, were identified in the adult gland, but they were intensified during senescence, which is possibly due to the imbalance among steroid hormone levels. Although clinical attention focuses on other urogenital organs, the real condition of the histopathological injuries in the human female prostate should be considered. A serious preventive work regarding the female prostate could be applied in the gynaecological context in order to monitor the gland and avoid possible disturbances to women's health and consequently provide better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M G Custodio
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology-UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Taboga SR, Vilamaior PSL, Góes RM. Modulação androgênica e estrogênica na próstata: uma abordagem em modelos experimentais de roedores com enfoque na biologia estrutural. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 53:946-55. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302009000800007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
O sistema endócrino é uma complexa rede de glândulas e hormônios que regulam muitas das funções do corpo, incluindo crescimento, desenvolvimento e maturação, como as vias de ação de muitos órgãos. A próstata é um importante alvo dos hormônios e sua maturidade funcional e seu desenvolvimento são influenciados pelos níveis de esteroides. O presente grupo de pesquisa tem estudado os potenciais efeitos dos agentes esteroides sobre a próstata masculina e feminina do gerbilo da Mongólia (Meriones unguiculatus), utilizando métodos morfológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. Os resultados têm revelado a próstata do gerbilo da Mongólia como uma importante ferramenta para estudos da ação dos hormônios esteroides e seus antagonistas.
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Fochi RA, Perez AP, Bianchi CV, Rochel SS, Góes RM, Vilamaior PS, Taboga SR, Santos FC. Hormonal Oscillations During the Estrous Cycle Influence the Morphophysiology of the Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) Female Prostate (Skene Paraurethral Glands)1. Biol Reprod 2008; 79:1084-91. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.070540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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23
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Santos FCA, Custodio AMG, Campos SGP, Vilamaior PSL, Góes RM, Taboga SR. Antiestrogen therapies affect tissue homeostasis of the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) female prostate and ovaries. Biol Reprod 2008; 79:674-85. [PMID: 18495680 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.068759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to evaluate the response of the adult gerbil female prostate (paraurethral glands) and ovaries to short-term exposure to antiestrogenic agents, consisting of daily oral doses of letrozole (1 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) or intradermal doses of tamoxifen (1 mg/kg) every other day for 21 days. The serum levels of testosterone and estradiol were monitored, and the prostates and ovaries collected for structural, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical analyses. The letrozole treatment resulted in increases of serum testosterone levels and secretory activity as well as in glandular hyperplasia and dysplastic growth, simulating the effects caused by the exogenous androgens. The effects caused by tamoxifen indicate that this endocrine agent acted as an estrogenic agonist on the prostate, causing glandular hypertrophy, secretory activity decrease, and the development of prostatic lesions. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the letrozole and tamoxifen therapies result in a series of complex effects that endanger the physiology of hormone-dependent organs, including the female prostate and ovaries. The hormonal imbalance caused by administration of these drugs resulted in considerable changes in prostatic morphology, in a manner very similar to what occurs during the development of prostatic lesions in aged postmenopausal women. Thus, these therapies must be chosen carefully since long-term treatments can result in female prostate dysplasic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology-UNICAMP, 13084-864 Campinas, Brazil
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