1
|
Li J, Qi H, Chen Y, Zhu X. Epilepsy and demyelination: Towards a bidirectional relationship. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 234:102588. [PMID: 38378072 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Demyelination stands out as a prominent feature in individuals with specific types of epilepsy. Concurrently, individuals with demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) are at a greater risk of developing epilepsy compared to non-MS individuals. These bidirectional connections raise the question of whether both pathological conditions share common pathogenic mechanisms. This review focuses on the reciprocal relationship between epilepsy and demyelination diseases. We commence with an overview of the neurological basis of epilepsy and demyelination diseases, followed by an exploration of how our comprehension of these two disorders has evolved in tandem. Additionally, we discuss the potential pathogenic mechanisms contributing to the interactive relationship between these two diseases. A more nuanced understanding of the interplay between epilepsy and demyelination diseases has the potential to unveiling the molecular intricacies of their pathological relationships, paving the way for innovative directions in future clinical management and treatment strategies for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honggang Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zang Q, Wang S, Qi Y, Zhang L, Huang C, Xiu Y, Zhou C, Luo Y, Jia G, Li S, Zhang Y, Tang Y. Running exercise improves spatial learning and memory ability and enhances angiogenesis in the cerebral cortex via endogenous nitric oxide. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114243. [PMID: 36462674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms by which exercise improves brain function and capillaries in the cerebral cortex are unclear. Exercise can increase the expression of nitric oxide (NO) in the brain, and endogenous NO is thought to exert beneficial effects on proangiogenic factors, antiangiogenic factors and brain function. Therefore, we hypothesized that running exercise might improve brain function and enhance angiogenesis through endogenous NO. METHODS AND RESULTS The following three groups of rats were administered intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections before running exercise each day for 4 weeks: exercise+L-NAME group (i.c.v. L-NAME, an NO synthase blocker, dose: 1 μmol/μl and 5 μl/day; treadmill exercise, 20 min/day), exercise group (i.c.v. normal saline, 5 μl/day; treadmill exercise, 20 min/day), and sham group (i.c.v. normal saline, 5 μl/day; no treadmill exercise). Subsequently, the spatial learning and memory abilities were tested using a Morris water maze, and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in the cerebral cortex in each group of rats was measured using a method involving nitric acid reductase and metabolic chemistry. The parameters of the cortical capillaries were quantitatively investigated using an immunohistochemistry technique and stereological methods. The expression levels of proangiogenic factors (VEGF and FGF-2) and an antiangiogenic inhibitor (endostatin) in the cerebral cortex were tested using a Western blot analysis. Running exercise significantly improved the rats' spatial learning and memory abilities and increased NOS activity in the cortex. Running exercise also subsequently improved the expression of proangiogenic factors (VEGF and FGF-2) and the length, volume and surface area of capillaries and reduced the expression of antiangiogenic factors (endostatin) in the cortex. In contrast, the L-NAME treatment attenuated the effects of running exercise. CONCLUSIONS Running exercise regulates proangiogenic factors, antiangiogenic factors and angiogenesis in the cerebral cortex via a partially NO-dependent mechanism, and influencing endogenous NO might potentially affect the exercise-related beneficial effects on cognitive ability and cortical capillaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Sanrong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yinqiang Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- Department of physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yun Xiu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chunni Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- Department of physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gongwei Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shuangyu Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang CX, Xiao Q, Zhang L, Gao Y, Ma J, Liang X, Tang J, Wang SR, Luo YM, Chao FL, Xiu Y, Tang Y. Stress-induced myelin damage in the hippocampal formation in a rat model of depression. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:401-409. [PMID: 36182770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to previous studies, myelin damage may be involved in the occurrence of depression. However, to date, no study has quantitatively investigated the changes in myelinated fibers and myelin sheaths in the hippocampal formation (HF) and hippocampal subfields in the context of depression. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (aged 4-5 weeks) were evenly divided into the control group and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) group. Behavioral tests were performed, and then changes in myelinated fibers and myelin ultrastructure in hippocampal subfields in depression model rats were investigated using modern stereological methods and transmission electron microscopy techniques. RESULTS After a four-week CUS protocol, CUS rats showed depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors. The total length and total volume of myelinated fibers were reduced in the CA1 region and DG in the CUS group compared with the control group. The total volumes of myelin sheaths and axons in the CA1 region but not in the DG were significantly lower in the CUS group than in the control group. The decrease in the total length of myelinated nerve fibers in the CA1 region in CUS rats was mainly due to a decrease in the length of myelinated fibers with a myelin sheath thickness of 0.15 μm-0.20 μm. LIMITATIONS The exact relationship between the degeneration of myelin sheaths and depression-like, anxiety-like behaviors needs to be further investigated. CONCLUSIONS CUS induces depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, and the demyelination in the CA1 region induced by 4 weeks of CUS might be an important structural basis for these behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Huang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Qian Xiao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Department of Radioactive Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jing Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - San-Rong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yan-Min Luo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Feng-Lei Chao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yun Xiu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yong Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karakaya Z, Saritas A, Yeşim Akyol P, Esad Topal F, Payza U, Bilgin S. Evaluation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Volume Calculated via Cavalieri’s Principle. KONURALP TIP DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.18521/ktd.469173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
5
|
Gao Y, Yao Y, Liang X, Tang J, Ma J, Qi YQ, Huang CX, Zhang Y, Chen LM, Chao FL, Zhang L, Luo YM, Xiao Q, Du L, Xiao Q, Wang SR, Tang Y. Changes in white matter and the effects of fluoxetine on such changes in the CUS rat model of depression. Neurosci Lett 2019; 694:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
6
|
Xiao Q, Luo Y, Lv F, He Q, Wu H, Chao F, Qiu X, Zhang L, Gao Y, Huang C, Wang S, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Tang Y. Protective Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Hippocampal Myelinated Fibers in Ovariectomized Middle-aged Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 385:143-153. [PMID: 29908214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) improves hippocampus-dependent cognition. This study investigated the impact of estrogen on hippocampal volume, CA1 subfield volume and myelinated fibers in the CA1 subfield of middle-aged ovariectomized rats. Ten-month-old bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were randomly divided into OVX + E2 and OVX + Veh groups. After four weeks of subcutaneous injection with 17β-estradiol or a placebo, the OVX + E2 rats exhibited significantly short mean escape latency in a spatial learning task than that in the OVX + Veh rats. Using stereological methods, we did not observe significant differences in the volumes of the hippocampus and CA1 subfields between the two groups. However, using stereological methods and electron microscopy techniques, the total length of myelinated fibers and the total volumes of myelinated fibers, myelin sheaths and myelinated axons in the CA1 subfields of OVX + E2 rats were significantly 38.1%, 34.2%, 36.1% and 32.5%, respectively, higher than those in the OVX + Veh rats. After the parameters were calculated according to different diameter ranges, the estrogen replacement-induced remodeling of myelinated fibers in CA1 was mainly manifested in the myelinated fibers with a diameter of <1.0 μm. Therefore, four weeks of continuous E2 replacement improved the spatial learning capabilities of middle-aged ovariectomized rats. The E2 replacement-induced protection of spatial learning abilities might be associated with the beneficial effects of estrogen on myelinated fibers, particularly those with the diameters less than 1.0 μm, in the hippocampal CA1 region of middle-aged ovariectomized rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulin Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglei Chao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Qiu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanrong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunni Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
van Tilborg E, van Kammen CM, de Theije CGM, van Meer MPA, Dijkhuizen RM, Nijboer CH. A quantitative method for microstructural analysis of myelinated axons in the injured rodent brain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16492. [PMID: 29184182 PMCID: PMC5705703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI studies (e.g. using diffusion tensor imaging) revealed that injury to white matter tracts, as observed in for instance perinatal white matter injury and multiple sclerosis, leads to compromised microstructure of myelinated axonal tracts. Alterations in white matter microstructure are also present in a wide range of neurological disorders including autism-spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and ADHD. Whereas currently myelin quantity measures are often used in translational animal models of white matter disease, it can be an important valuable addition to study the microstructural organization of myelination patterns in greater detail. Here, we describe methods to extensively study the microstructure of cortical myelination by immunostaining for myelin. To validate these methods, we carefully analyzed the organization of myelinated axons running from the external capsule towards the outer layers of the cortex in three rodent models of neonatal brain injury and in an adult stroke model, that have all been associated with myelination impairments. This unique, relatively easy and sensitive methodology can be applied to study subtle differences in myelination patterns in animal models in which aberrations in myelination integrity are suspected. Importantly, the described methods can be applied to determine efficacy of novel experimental treatments on microstructural organization of cortical myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik van Tilborg
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caren M van Kammen
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline G M de Theije
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits P A van Meer
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cora H Nijboer
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiao Q, Wang F, Luo Y, Chen L, Chao F, Tan C, Gao Y, Huang C, Zhang L, Liang X, Tang J, Qi Y, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Tang Y. Exercise protects myelinated fibers of white matter in a rat model of depression. J Comp Neurol 2017; 526:537-549. [PMID: 29098693 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressive effects of exercise have been a focus of research and are hypothesized to remodel the brain networks constructed by myelinated fibers. However, whether the antidepressant effects of exercise are dependent on changes in white matter myelination are unknown. Therefore, we chose chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) as a model of depression and designed an experiment. After a 4-week CUS period, 40 animals were tested using the sucrose preference test (SPT) and the open field test (OFT). The depressed rats then underwent 4-week running exercise. Next, electron microscopy and unbiased stereological methods were used to investigate white matter changes in the rats. After the 4-week CUS stimulation, body weight, sucrose preference and scores on the OFT were significantly lower in the depression rats than in the unstressed rats (p < .05). After undergoing a 4-week running exercise, the depression rats showed a significantly greater sucrose preference than the depression control rats without running exercise (p < .05). Furthermore, the white matter parameters of the depression rats (including the white matter volumes, the length and volumes of myelinated fibers, and the volumes and thickness of the myelin sheaths) were significantly reduced after the CUS period (p < .05). However, these white matter parameters were significantly increased after running exercise (p < .05). The present study is the first to provide evidence that running exercise has positive effects on white matter and the myelinated fibers of white matter in depressed rats, and this evidence might provide an important theoretical basis for the exercise-mediated treatment of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Linmu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fenglei Chao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxue Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yingqing Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunni Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao Y, Ma J, Tang J, Liang X, Huang CX, Wang SR, Chen LM, Wang FF, Tan CX, Chao FL, Zhang L, Qiu X, Luo YM, Xiao Q, Du L, Xiao Q, Tang Y. White matter atrophy and myelinated fiber disruption in a rat model of depression. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:1922-1933. [PMID: 28118485 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain imaging and postmortem studies have indicated that white matter abnormalities may contribute to the pathology and pathogenesis of depression. However, until now, no study has quantitatively investigated white matter changes in depression in rats. The current study used the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model of depression. Body weight and sucrose preference test (SPT) scores were assessed weekly. Upon successfully establishing the CUS animal model, all animals were tested using the SPT and the open field test (OFT). Then, transmission electron microscopy and unbiased stereological methods were used to investigate white matter changes in the rats. Compared with the control group, the body weight and sucrose preference of the CUS rats were significantly decreased (p < .001, p < .001, respectively). In the OFT, the total time spent and the total distance traveled in the inner area by the CUS rats were significantly lower than those of the control group (p = .002, p = .001, respectively). The stereological results revealed that white matter volume, the total volume, and the total length and mean diameter of myelinated fibers in the white matter of the CUS rats were significantly decreased compared to the control rats (p = .042, p = .038, p = .035, p = .019, respectively). The results of this study suggested that white matter atrophy and disruption of myelinated fibers in the white matter may contribute to the pathophysiology underlying depression, which might provide new targets for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xia Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - San-Rong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Mu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Xue Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Chao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Qiu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Min Luo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lian Du
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stereological quantification of age-related changes in myelinated fibers of rat white matter. Neuroreport 2017; 28:42-49. [PMID: 27902556 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated changes in myelin sheaths in the myelinated fibers of subcortical white matter in young (6-8 months old), middle-aged (18 months old), and elderly (27-28 months old) female Long-Evans rats using transmission electron microscopy and unbiased stereological techniques. We observed three age-related changes in myelin sheaths in the white matter of elderly rats: local splitting of the major dense line, myelin ballooning, and the formation of abundant myelin sheaths. Stereological analysis showed that the total length of myelinated fibers in white matter was 115±12 km (mean±SD) in young rats, 135±21 km in middle-aged rats, and 62±11 km in elderly rats. Myelinated fibers with diameters less than 1.0 μm and myelin sheath thicknesses less than 0.1 μm were significantly shorter in middle-aged and elderly rats compared with young rats. Age-related changes in myelin sheaths were evident in aged white matter. The loss of myelinated fibers with both small diameters and thin myelin sheaths is a potentially important change in aged white matter. Our results suggest that the myelin sheath changes in aged white matter may have important implications for age-related cognitive impairments.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang S, Chen L, Zhang L, Huang C, Xiu Y, Wang F, Zhou C, Luo Y, Xiao Q, Tang Y. Effects of long-term exercise on spatial learning, memory ability, and cortical capillaries in aged rats. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:945-54. [PMID: 25828032 PMCID: PMC4395020 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the effects of long-term running exercise on spatial learning, spatial memory, and cortical capillaries in aged rats. Material/Methods Fourteen-month-old female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into an exercised group (EG) and a non-exercised group (NG). The EG rats were trained on treadmill running for 4 or 14 months. The NG rats were housed under identical conditions without running. Spatial learning and memory were assessed with the Morris water maze. The cortical capillary parameters were quantitatively investigated using immunohistochemical and stereological methods. Results The escaped latencies of the EG were significantly different from those of the NG in 18-month-old females and 28-month-old males (p<0.05). However, 28-month-old females and 18-month-old males showed no differences in escape latency between the EG and NG (p>0.05). In 28-month-old female rats, stereological techniques showed significant differences between the EG and NG in the cortical capillary volume (median, 22.55 vs. 11.42, p<0.05) and the cortical capillary surface area (median, 7474.13 vs. 3935.90, p<0.05). In 28-month-old male rats, the EG had a significantly longer total cortical capillary length (median, 530.35 vs. 156.27, p<0.05), significantly larger cortical capillary volume (median, 16.47 vs. 3.65, p<0.01), and a significantly larger cortical capillary total surface area (median, 7885.79 vs. 1957.16, p<0.01) compared with the NG group. Conclusions These data demonstrate that exercise improved spatial learning, memory capacity and cortical capillaries in aged rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanrong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Chunxia Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Xiu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Chunni Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yanmin Luo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miller NR, Johnson MA, Nolan T, Guo Y, Bernstein AM, Bernstein SL. Sustained neuroprotection from a single intravitreal injection of PGJ₂ in a nonhuman primate model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:7047-56. [PMID: 25298416 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostaglandin J₂ (PGJ₂) is neuroprotective in a murine model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). After assessing for potential toxicity, we evaluated the efficacy of a single intravitreal (IVT) injection of PGJ₂ in a nonhuman primate model of NAION (pNAION). METHODS We assessed PGJ₂ toxicity by administering it as a single high-dose intravenous (IV) injection, consecutive daily high-dose IV injections, or a single IVT injection in one eye of five adult rhesus monkeys. To assess efficacy, we induced pNAION in one eye of five adult male rhesus monkeys using a laser-activated rose bengal induction method. We then injected the eye with either PGJ₂ or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) intravitreally immediately or 5 hours post induction. We performed a clinical assessment, optical coherence tomography, electrophysiological testing, fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography in all animals prior to induction and at 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after induction. Following analysis of the first eye, we induced pNAION in the contralateral eye and then injected either PGJ₂ or PBS. We euthanized all animals 5 weeks after final assessment of the fellow eye and performed both immunohistochemical and light and electron microscopic analyses of the retina and optic nerves. RESULTS TOXICITY PGJ₂ caused no permanent systemic toxicity regardless of the amount injected or route of delivery, and there was no evidence of any ocular toxicity with the dose of PGJ₂ used in efficacy studies. Transient reduction in the amplitudes of the visual evoked potentials and the N95 component of the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) occurred after both IV and IVT administration of high doses of PGJ₂; however, the amplitudes returned to normal in all animals within 1 week. EFFICACY In all eyes, a single IVT dose of PGJ₂ administered immediately or shortly after induction of pNAION resulted in a significant reduction of clinical, electrophysiological, and histological damage compared with vehicle-injected eyes (P = 0.03 for both VEP and PERG; P = 0.05 for axon counts). CONCLUSIONS In nonhuman primates, PGJ₂ administered either intravenously or intravitreally produces no permanent toxicity at even four times the dose given for neuroprotection. Additionally, a single IVT dose of PGJ₂ is neuroprotective when administered up to 5 hours after induction of pNAION.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Miller
- Wilmer Eye Institute, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mary A Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Theresa Nolan
- Department of Veterinary Resources, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Alexander M Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Steven L Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Szarek D, Marycz K, Laska J, Bednarz P, Jarmundowicz W. Assessment of in vivo behavior of polymer tube nerve grafts simultaneously with the peripheral nerve regeneration process using scanning electron microscopy technique. SCANNING 2013; 35:232-245. [PMID: 23037803 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been applied for instantaneous assessment of processes occurring at the site of regenerating nerve. The technique proved to be especially useful when an artificial implant should have been observed but have not yet been extensively investigated before for assessment of nerve tissue. For in vivo studies, evaluation of implant's morphology and its neuroregenerative properties is of great importance when new prototype is developed. However, the usually applied histological techniques require separate and differently prepared samples, and therefore, the results are never a 100% comparable. In our research, we found SEM as a technique providing detailed data both on an implant behavior and the nerve regeneration process inside the implant. Observations were carried out during 12-week period on rat sciatic nerve injury model reconstructed with nerve autografts and different tube nerve grafts. Samples were analyzed with haematoxylin-eosin (HE), immunocytochemical staining for neurofillament and S-100 protein, SEM, TEM, and the results were compared. SEM studies enabled to obtain characteristic pictures of the regeneration process similarly to TEM and histological studies. Schwann cell transformation and communication as well as axonal outgrowth were identified, newly created and matured axons could be recognized. Concurrent analysis of biomaterial changes in the implant (degradation, collapsing of the tube wall, migration of alginate gel) was possible. This study provides the groundwork for further use of the described technique in the nerve regeneration studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szarek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wroclaw University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ye Y, Xiong J, Hu J, Kong M, Cheng L, Chen H, Li T, Jiang L. Altered hippocampal myelinated fiber integrity in a lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy: a histopathological and stereological investigation. Brain Res 2013; 1522:76-87. [PMID: 23727401 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The damage of white matter, primarily myelinated fibers, in the central nervous system (CNS) of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients has been recently reported. However, limited data exist addressing the types of changes that occur to myelinated fibers inside the hippocampus as a result of TLE. The current study was designed to examine this issue in a lithium-pilocarpine rat model. Investigated by electroencephalography (EEG), Gallyas silver staining, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and stereological methods, the results showed that hippocampal myelinated fibers of the epilepsy group were degenerated with significantly less myelin basic protein (MBP) expression relative to those of control group rats. Stereological analysis revealed that the total volumes of hippocampal formation, myelinated fibers, and myelin sheaths in the hippocampus of epilepsy group rats were decreased by 20.43%, 49.16%, and 52.60%, respectively. In addition, epilepsy group rats showed significantly greater mean diameters of myelinated fibers and axons, whereas the mean thickness of myelin sheaths was less, especially for small axons with diameters from 0.1 to 0.8µm, compared to control group rats. Finally, the total length of the myelinated fibers in the hippocampus of epilepsy group rats was significantly decreased by 56.92%, compared to that of the control group, with the decreased length most prominent for myelinated fibers with diameters from 0.4 to 0.8µm. This study is the first to provide experimental evidence that the integrity of hippocampal myelinated fibers is negatively affected by inducing epileptic seizures with pilocarpine, which may contribute to the abnormal propagation of epileptic discharge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Ye
- Lab of Pediatric Neurology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang S, Li C, Qiu X, Zhang L, Lu W, Chen L, Zhao Y, Shi X, Huang C, Cheng G, Tang Y. Effects of an enriched environment on myelin sheaths in the white matter of rats during normal aging: A stereological study. Neuroscience 2013; 234:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Khan E, Shelton RM, Cooper PR, Hamburger J, Landini G. Architectural characterization of organotypic cultures of H400 and primary rat keratinocytes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:3227-38. [PMID: 22733453 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organotypic epithelial structures can be cultured using primary or immortalized keratinocytes. However, there has been little detailed quantitative histological characterization of such cultures in comparison with normal mucosal architecture. The aim of this study is to identify morphological markers of tissue architecture that can be used to monitor tissue structure, maturation, and differentiation and to enable quantitative comparison of organotypic cultures (OCs) with normal oral mucosa. OCs of oral keratinocytes [immortalized H400 or primary rat keratinocytes (PRKs)] were generated using the three scaffolds of de-epidermalized dermis (DED), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and collagen gels for up to 14 days. Cultures and normal epithelium were analyzed immunohistochemically and by using the semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (sq-RT-PCR) for E-cadherin, desmoglein-3, plakophilin, involucrin, cytokeratins-1, -5, -6, -10, -13, and Ki67. The epithelial thickness of OCs was measured in stained sections using image processing. Histological analysis revealed that air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures generated stratified organotypic epithelial structures by 14-days. The final thickness of these cultures as well as the degree of maturation/stratification (including stratum corneum formation) varied significantly depending on the scaffold used. For certain scaffolds, the immunohistochemical profiles obtained recapitulated those of normal oral epithelium indicating comparable in vitro differentiation and proliferation. In conclusion, quantitative microscopy approaches enabled unbiased architectural characterization of OCs. The scaffold materials used in the present study (DED, collagen type-I and PET) differentially influenced cell behavior in OCs of oral epithelia. H400 and PRK OCs on DED at the ALI demonstrated similar characteristics in terms of gene expression and protein distribution to the normal tissue architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erum Khan
- The School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway Birmingham, B4 6NN, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|