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Yang HY, Yao W, Huang PZ, Xu H, Ma Q, Chen X, Chen JJ, Gao K. Euphohelides A-C, ent-Abietane-Type Norditerpene Lactones from Euphorbia helioscopia and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1003-1009. [PMID: 36858948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Three unreported ent-abietane-type norditerpene lactones, euphohelides A-C (1-3), and 11 known analogs (4-14) were isolated from the whole plants of Euphorbia helioscopia L. Euphohelide A (1) is an unprecedented 2-nor-ent-abietane lactone bearing a unique 5/6/6/5 tetracyclic system. Euphohelides B (2) and C (3) possess 2-nor-6/6/6/5 and 2,3-dinor-5/6/6/5 dilactone tetracyclic moieties, respectively. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, computational ECD, and X-ray crystallographic analyses. A biomimetic synthesis of 1 was achieved from precursor 4 based on the speculative biogenetic pathway. Compounds 1 and 5 significantly alleviated the release of LPS-induced NO with IC50 values of 32.98 ± 1.13 and 33.82 ± 3.25 μM, which might be related to the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Zhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Mazur O, Bałdysz S, Warowicka A, Nawrot R. Tap the sap - investigation of latex-bearing plants in the search of potential anticancer biopharmaceuticals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:979678. [PMID: 36388598 PMCID: PMC9664067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.979678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Latex-bearing plants have been in the research spotlight for the past couple of decades. Since ancient times their extracts have been used in folk medicine to treat various illnesses. Currently they serve as promising candidates for cancer treatment. Up to date there have been several in vitro and in vivo studies related to the topic of cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of extracts from latex-bearing plants towards various cell types. The number of clinical studies still remains scarce, however, over the years the number is systematically increasing. To the best of our knowledge, the scientific community is still lacking in a recent review summarizing the research on the topic of cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of latex-bearing plant extracts. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on in vitro and in vivo studies, which focus on the cytotoxicity and anticancer activities of latex-bearing plants. The vast majority of the studies are in vitro, however, the interest in this topic has resulted in the substantial growth of the number of in vivo studies, leading to a promising number of plant species whose latex can potentially be tested in clinical trials. The paper is divided into sections, each of them focuses on specific latex-bearing plant family representatives and their potential anticancer activity, which in some instances is comparable to that induced by commonly used therapeutics currently available on the market. The cytotoxic effect of the plant's crude latex, its fractions or isolated compounds, is analyzed, along with a study of cell apoptosis, chromatin condensation, DNA damage, changes in gene regulation and morphology changes, which can be observed in cell post plant extract addition. The in vivo studies go beyond the molecular level by showing significant reduction of the tumor growth and volume in animal models. Additionally, we present data regarding plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles, which is regarded as a new branch in plant latex research. It is solely based on the green-synthesis approach, which presents an interesting alternative to chemical-based nanoparticle synthesis. We have analyzed the cytotoxic effect of these particles on cells. Data regarding the cytotoxicity of such particles raises their potential to be involved in the design of novel cancer therapies, which further underlines the significance of latex-bearing plants in biotechnology. Throughout the course of this review, we concluded that plant latex is a rich source of many compounds, which can be further investigated and applied in the design of anticancer pharmaceuticals. The molecules, to which this cytotoxic effect can be attributed, include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, proteases, nucleases and many novel compounds, which still remain to be characterized. They have been studied extensively in both in vitro and in vivo studies, which provide an excellent starting point for their rapid transfer to clinical studies in the near future. The comprehensive study of molecules from latex-bearing plants can result in finding a promising alternative to several pharmaceuticals on the market and help unravel the molecular mode of action of latex-based preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Mazur
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sophia Bałdysz
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Warowicka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Nawrot
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Amtaghri S, Akdad M, Slaoui M, Eddouks M. Traditonal Uses, Pharmacological, and Phytochemical Studies of Euphorbia: a Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1553-1570. [PMID: 35838213 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220713143436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants of the genus Euphorbia have long been used as traditional medicine in China, Europe, America, Turkey, India, Africa, Iran, and Pakistan for their great medicinal value and health benefits. Their stems, leaves, roots, latex are widely used to treat respiratory infections, body and skin irritations, digestive disorders, inflammatory infections, body pain, snake or scorpion bites, pregnancy, sensory disturbances, microbial and anti-cancer diseases. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to provide updated information on the genus Euphorbia, including traditional medicinal uses, valuation and exploitation of medicinal plants, phytochemistry, botanical characterization, pharmacological and toxicological research focused on the medicinal properties of several Euphorbias in particular their antibacterial, anti-tumor, and cell manifestations, in addition to the effect of each isolated bioactive molecule from these species and their pharmacological use including preclinical evaluation of new drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work was conducted using scientific databases such as: PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, etc. In addition, ChemDraw software has been used for the drawing of chemical molecules. The correct names of the plants were confirmed from plantlist.org. The results of this review research were interpreted, analyzed and documented based on the bibliographical information obtained. RESULTS Among all the species of the Euphorbiaceae family, 15 species have been demonstrated to exhibit anticancer activity, 21 species have antibacterial activity and 10 species have cytotoxic activity. The majority of the chemical constituents of this plant include triterpenoid glycosides, diterpenoids, flavonoids, and the 4α-methyl steroids. Among them, the main bioactive constituents are present in the diterpenoid fraction. The study of more than 33 steroid plants identified more than 104 compounds. Pharmacological research proved that the crude extracts and some pure compounds obtained from Euphorbia had activities for the treatment of different diseases. The objective of the present study was focused on cytotoxic, antibacterial and antitumor diseases. The study of the phytochemistry of the Euphorbia families led to the conclusion that all the plants studied had active compounds, of which 27 plants characterized by their cytotoxic effects, 7 had antibacterial effects and 10 plants had anti-tumor activities. Therefore, the safety of Euphorbia herbal medicine should be considered a top priority in the early stages of development and clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Many previous studies have validated many traditional uses of Euphorbia species. The latex of some Euphorbia species seems to be toxic however studies dealing with safety and quality of these species are still incomplete. Extensive studies are needed on the Euphorbia plants before it can be fully used in clinics as a potent drug candidate, as researchers are focusing mainly on diterpenoids and triterpenoids, while there are many other types of compounds that may possess new biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smail Amtaghri
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco.,Energy, materials and sustainable development (EMDD) Team- Higher School of Technology-SALE, Center for Water, Natural Resources Environment and Sustainable Development (CERNE2D), Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Mourad Akdad
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
| | - Miloudia Slaoui
- Energy, materials and sustainable development (EMDD) Team- Higher School of Technology-SALE, Center for Water, Natural Resources Environment and Sustainable Development (CERNE2D), Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
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Cytotoxic potential of bioactive seed proteins from Mallotus philippensis against various cancer cell lines. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yang Y, Chen X, Luan F, Wang M, Wang Z, Wang J, He X. Euphorbia helioscopia L.: A phytochemical and pharmacological overview. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 184:112649. [PMID: 33440297 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia helioscopia L. which is called "Zeqi" in China, is a medicinal plant extensively distributed worldwide, especially in China, and has been widely used for decades to treat various diseases including edema, phlegm and cough, malaria, dysentery, scab, tuberculous fistula, osteomyelitis, and cancer. The present review aims to provide up-to-date information on E. helioscopia, including its traditional uses, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacological research, toxicology, and human studies in exploring future scientific and therapeutic potentials in disease treatment. So far, a total of 173 terpenoids, as well as polyphenols, steroids, lipids, and volatile oils have been isolated and identified from E. helioscopia. Among them, diterpenoids and flavonoids are the most important and abundant bioactive constituents. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that E. helioscopia has outstanding bioactivities especially on antiproliferative and multidrug resistance modulating. Nevertheless, most of these studies were carried out in vitro. The quality control, metabolites identification, in-depth in-vivo studies as well as toxicology and human studies for the crude extracts and active components are still very limited. Consequently, more well-designed pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to justify their reported therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Fei Luan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China.
| | - Jiuling Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China.
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AL-Faifi ZI. In vitro Anticancer, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Crude Methanolic Extract of Euphorbia cactus Ehrenb Plant. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.907.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sabery M, Adib-Hajbaghery M, Rafiee S. Satisfaction with and factors related to medicinal herb consumption in older Iranian adults. Eur J Integr Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Janmohammadi M, Amini M, Sabaghnia N, Akbari A, Gautam S, Hwa Chae K. Synthesis of copper nanoparticles supported on MoO3
using Sun spurge leaf extract and their catalytic activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Janmohammadi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture; University of Maragheh; Maragheh Iran
| | - Mojtaba Amini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Maragheh; Maragheh Iran
| | - Naser Sabaghnia
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture; University of Maragheh; Maragheh Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Maragheh; Maragheh Iran
| | - Sanjeev Gautam
- Dr. SSBhatnagar; University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology (SSB UICET), Panjab University Chandigarh; 160-014 India
| | - Keun Hwa Chae
- Advanced Analysis Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 South Korea
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Li XQ, Bai YL, Zhang DL, Jiao HS, He RX. Euphornin reduces proliferation of human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells through induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4395-4405. [PMID: 30100745 PMCID: PMC6067796 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s166018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The plant Euphorbia helioscopia L. has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating various disorders such as tuberculosis and edema. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of euphornin, a bioactive compound isolated from E. helioscopia, on proliferation of human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells by analyzing cell viability, rate of apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. Materials and methods The sulforhodamine B assay was used to study the effect of euphornin on the proliferation of HeLa cells. Morphological changes to cell nuclei were identified after Hoechst 33342 staining. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization (MMP) was analyzed after staining with JC-1 dye. The influence of euphornin on the apoptosis rate was analyzed by Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was applied to investigate the influence of euphornin on cell cycle progression. Proteins were obtained from HeLa cells and analyzed by Western blots. Results A cell viability assay showed that euphornin inhibited proliferation of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Euphornin also induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, with the rates of apoptosis ranging from 25.3% to 52.6%. A high concentration of euphornin was found to block HeLa cells at the G2/M stage. A Western blot analysis suggested that euphornin might exhibit antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis. Euphornin treatment altered the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in HeLa cells, which led to the release of cytochrome complex. The levels of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-10 were also markedly increased by euphornin treatment. Analysis of cell cycles indicated that euphornin induced cell cycle arrest by increasing the level of the phospho-CDK1 (Tyr15) protein. The various assays demonstrated that euphornin treatment resulted in a significant suppression of cell growth accompanied by G2/M cell cycle arrest and increased rate of apoptosis via mitochondrial and caspase pathways. Conclusion Our findings suggest that euphornin has the potential to be used as a cancer therapeutic agent against human cervical adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Li
- Pharmacy Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yin-Liang Bai
- Pharmacy Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - De-Li Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Jiao
- Pharmacy Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Rong-Xia He
- Department of Gynecology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China,
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Ghout A, Zellagui A, Gherraf N, Demirtas I, Ayse Sahin Y, Boukhenaf M, Lahouel M, Nieto G, Akkal S. Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities of Two Extracts of the Plant Species Euphorbia dendroides L. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E36. [PMID: 29677109 PMCID: PMC6023373 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: These days, the desire for naturally occurring antioxidants has significantly increased, especially for use in foodstuffs, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products, to replace synthetic antioxidants that are regularly constrained due to their carcinogenicity. Methods: The study in hand aimed to appraise the antioxidant effect of two Euphorbia dendroides extracts using reducing power, anti-peroxidation, and DPPH (1,1 Diphenyl 2 Pycril Hydrazil) scavenging essays, in addition to the anticancer activity against two tumor cell lines, namely C6 (rat brain tumor)cells, and Hela (human uterus carcinoma)cell lines. Results: The results indicated that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited antiradical activity of 29.49%, higher than that of n-butanol extract (18.06%) at 100 µg/mL but much lower than that of gallic acid (78.21%).The ethyl acetate extract exhibits better reducing capacity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity compared to n-butanol extract but less than all tested standards. Moreover, the ethyl acetate extract was found to have an antiproliferative activity of more than 5-FU (5-fluoro-Uracil) against C6 cells at 250 µg/mL with IC50 and IC75 of 113.97, 119.49 µg/mL, respectively, and good cytotoxic activity against the Hela cell lines at the same concentration. The HPLC-TOF-MS (high performance liquid chromatography-Time-of-flight-Mass Spectrometry) analyses exposed the presence of various compounds, among which Gallic and Chlorogenic acids functioned as major compounds. Conclusions: The two extracts exhibited moderate anticancer abilities and behaved somewhat as average antioxidant agents. Based on the total phenolics and flavonoids contents, as well as HPLC results, it could be concluded that antiproliferative and antioxidant activities depend upon the content of different phenolics and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agena Ghout
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Plant Breeding, Life Science and Nature Department, Faculty of Exact Science and Life Science and Nature, University of Larbi Ben Mhidi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria.
| | - Amar Zellagui
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Plant Breeding, Life Science and Nature Department, Faculty of Exact Science and Life Science and Nature, University of Larbi Ben Mhidi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria.
| | - Noureddine Gherraf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science and Life Science and Nature, University of Larbi Ben, Mhidi Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria.
| | - Ibrahim Demirtas
- Laboratory of Plant Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Uluyazi Campus, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri 18100, Turkey.
| | - Yaglioglu Ayse Sahin
- Laboratory of Plant Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Uluyazi Campus, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri 18100, Turkey.
| | - Meriem Boukhenaf
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital Center of Constantine, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
| | - Mesbah Lahouel
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, University of Jijel, Jijel 18000, Algeria.
| | - Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Salah Akkal
- Laboratoire de Phytochimie et Analyses Physico-Chimiques et Biologiques, Université Mentouri de Constantine, Route de Aïn El Bey, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
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Hu B, Zhang T, An HM, Zheng JL, Yan X, Huang XW. Herbal formula YGJDSJ inhibits anchorage-independent growth and induces anoikis in hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:17. [PMID: 29338725 PMCID: PMC5771203 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Based on clinical medications and related studies, we established a Yang-Gan Jie-Du Sang-Jie (YGJDSJ) herbal formula for hepatocarcinoma treatment. In present study, we evaluated the anti-cancer potential of YGJDSJ on suspension-grown human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells. Methods Bel-7402 cells were cultured in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly-HEMA) coated plates and treated with YGJDSJ. Anchorage-independent cell growth was detected by cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and soft agar colony formation assay. Anoikis was detected by ethdium homodimer-1 (EthD-1) staining and flow cytometry analysis. Caspases activities were detected by the cleavage of chromogenic substrate. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. Protein expression and phosphorylation was identified by western blot. Protein expression was knocked-down by siRNA. Results YGJDSJ inhibited the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells in poly-HEMA coated plates and anchorage-independent growth of Bel-7402 cells in soft agar. YGJDSJ also induced anoikis in Bel-7402 cells as indicated by EthD-1 staining and flow cytometry analysis. YGJDSJ activated caspase-3, − 8, and − 9 in suspension-grown Bel-7402 cells. The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK significantly abrogated the effects of YGJDSJ on anoikis in suspension-grown Bel-7402 cells. In addition, YGJDSJ increased ROS in suspension-grown Bel-7402 cells. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) partially attenuated YGJDSJ-induced activation of caspase-3, − 8 and − 9 and anoikis in suspension-grown Bel-7402 cells. Furthermore, YGJDSJ inhibited expression and phosphorylation of protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) in suspension-grown Bel-7402 cells. Over-expression of PTK2 significantly abrogated YGJDSJ induced anoikis. Conclusions YGJDSJ inhibits anchorage-independent growth and induce caspase-mediated anoikis in Bel-7402 cells, and may relate to ROS generation and PTK2 downregulation.
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Wang M, Wang D, Zhang Q, Chai J, Peng Y, Cai X. Identification and cytochemical immunolocalization of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase involved in the terpenoid mevalonate pathway in Euphorbia helioscopia laticifers. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:62. [PMID: 29247328 PMCID: PMC5732124 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terpenoids, the largest class of natural products in the plant kingdom, have been widely used in medicine. The precursors of terpenoids, isoprene phosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), were synthesized from a mevalonate (MVA) pathway and a 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway respectively. The acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (AACT) is the initial enzyme in MVA pathway and is considered presently to be essential for terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. The basic research on cytochemistry of terpenoid metabolic enzymes is important for understanding the mechanisms underlying major metabolic processes. However, compartmentalization of AACT in plants is in controversy. Euphorbia helioscopia L. containing laticifers in the whole plant is a famous ancient folk medicine for tumor treatment, and the terpenoid is an active ingredient. Furthermore, the laticifer cell is the main synthesizing and storing site for terpenoids. RESULTS The gene of AACT was cloned successfully from E. helioscopia, and named as EhAACT. The EhAACT expression has no significant difference among roots, stems and leaves. However, compared with the roots and stems, the EhAACT expression level is slightly higher in leaves. In addition, EhAACT recombinant protein was expressed by procaryotic expression system and anti-EhAACT antibody was prepared, the molecular weight is about 43 kDa. Western blotting results illustrated that the EhAACT antibodies specifically recognized the endogenous proteins in E. helioscopia laticifers. At last, the subcellular localization of EhAACT in E. helioscopia laticifers was observed by using colloidal gold immune-electron microscopy. EhAACT was found to mainly distribute in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), vacuoles originated from ER and cytosol aound vacuoles originated from ER. CONCLUSIONS As a result, we speculated that in E. helioscopia laticifers, EhAACT located in cytosol would be transferred to small vacuoles dilated from ER, and the precursors of terpenoids were synthesized in these small vacuoles, then terpenoids were further synthesized into latex particles. This result would provide theoretical basis for regulating and controlling of terpenoid biosynthesis in laticifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Dou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Jia Chai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Yong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Xia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710069 China
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Apoptosis-inducing Effect of the Hexane Extracts from Three Native Iranian Euphorbia Plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.8306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Poupel F, Aghaei M, Movahedian A, Jafari SM, Shahrestanaki MK. Dihydroartemisinin Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cell Lines Through Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Cytochrome C Pathway. Int J Prev Med 2017; 8:78. [PMID: 29114376 PMCID: PMC5651661 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_258_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin and has antiproliferative effect. However, such effects of DHA have not yet been revealed for bladder cancer cells. Methods: We used as bladder cancer cell lines to examine the effect of DHA on the cell viability, cell apoptosis, and monitoring of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) changes. Furthermore, the effect of DHA on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytochrome c release were also detected. We employed MTT assay to investigate the cell proliferation effect of DHA on the EJ-138 and HTB-9 human bladder cancer cells. Annexin/PI staining, caspase-3 activity assay, Bcl-2/Bax protein expression, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, cytochrome c release, and ROS analysis were used for apoptosis detection. Results: DHA significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Cytotoxicity of DHA was suppressed by N-acetylcysteine. The growth inhibition effect of DHA was related to the induction of cell apoptosis, which were manifested by annexin V-FITC staining, activation of caspase-3. DHA also increased ROS generation, cytochrome c release, and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) in cells. In addition, the downregulation of regulatory protein Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax protein by DHA were also observed. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that DHA induces apoptosis through mitochondrial signaling pathway. These suggest that DHA may be a potential agent for induction of apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Poupel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nabatchian F, Moradi A, Aghaei M, Ghanadian M, Jafari SM, Tabesh S. New 6(17)-epoxylathyrane diterpene: aellinane from Euphorbia aellenii induces apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in ovarian cancer cell line. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1347735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Nabatchian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Moradi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samineh Tabesh
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Antioxidant and selective anticancer activities of two Euphorbia species in human acute myeloid leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:375-385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Al-Faifi ZIA, Masrahi YS, Aly MS, Al-Turki TA, Dardeer T. Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Euphorbia Triaculeata Forssk. Extract. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:771-777. [PMID: 28441785 PMCID: PMC5464498 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.3.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of Euphorbia triaculeata Forssk. plant extract from
Jazan region, Saudi Arabia, in an in vitro cancer model, which could be beneficial in anticancer therapy against human
breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), prostate cell line (PC-3), human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) and normal
breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A). The human foreskin fibroblast cell line, (Hs68), was also included in the cell
panel. Doxorubicin and 5-Flurouracil, broad-spectrum anticancer drugs, were used as the positive control. Methods:
Cytotoxicity of Euphorbia triaculeata plant extract was investigated by employing MTT assay and the genotoxicity
was assessed by using comet assay. Results: Both toxicity tests exhibited significant toxicity results. In the comet assay,
the Euphorbia triaculeata extract exhibited genotoxic effects against MCF-7 DNA and PC 3 but not on HEPG2 cell
lines in a time-dependent manner by increasing the mean percentage of DNA damage. Euphorbia triaculeata extract
showed significant toxicity against cancer cells. Comparison with positive control signifies that cytotoxicity exhibited
by methanol extract might have moderate activity. Conclusion: The present work confirmed the cytotoxicity and
genotoxicity of Euphorbia triaculeata plant. However, the observed toxicity of this plant extract needs to be confirmed
by additional studies. Based on our results, further examination of the potential anticancer properties of Euphorbia
triaculeata plant species and the identification of the active ingredients of these extracts is warranted.
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Euphorbia umbellata bark extracts – an in vitro cytotoxic study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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Ahmed MJ, Akhtar T. Indigenous knowledge of the use of medicinal plants in Bheri, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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21
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Geng D, Yi LT, Shi Y, Min ZD. Structure and antibacterial property of a new diterpenoid from Euphorbia helioscopia. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:704-6. [PMID: 26412431 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to isolate and evaluate the antibacterial activity of the compounds from the whole plant of Euphorbia helioscopia L.. Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the compound. The structure of the compound was elucidated on basis of spectral data ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, (1)H-(1)H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, IR, and HR-ESI-MS). A new jatrophone-type diterpenoid (14α,15β-diacetoxy-3β-benzoyloxy-7β-nicotinoyloxy-9-oxo-jatropha-5E,11E-diene), named euphoheliosnoid E (1), was isolated from the whole plant of E. helioscopia L. Compound 1 showed significant anti-microbial activity against oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Geng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yao Shi
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Da Min
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth Is Inhibited by Euphorbia helioscopia L. Extract in Nude Mice Xenografts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:601015. [PMID: 26090427 PMCID: PMC4450285 DOI: 10.1155/2015/601015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Euphorbia helioscopia L. is a traditional Chinese medicine; recently research found that its ethyl acetate extract (EAE) plays an important role on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis in vitro. But the effect of EAE for tumor cells in vivo has not been reported. To explore the inhibitory effect of EAE and molecular mechanism on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SMMC-7721 cells in vivo, we utilized the nude mouse xenograft model of HCC. Treated with EAE (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL), the volume of xenograft was measured during the entire process of EAE treatment. In EAE treatment group, the volume of xenograft was significantly reduced compared with the control group (P < 0.05) and the protein expressions of CyclinD1, bcl-2, and MMP-9 were reduced, while those of bax, caspase-3, and nm23-H1 were increased. A significant change trend with increasing EAE concentrations has presented, compared with controls. Moreover, the ultrastructural morphology of xenografts showed significant changes, including nuclear pyknosis and chromatin condensation, We found that EAE could effectively inhibit tumor growth, induce apoptosis, and inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis in vivo; it is suggested that EAE is a potential candidate for as a new anticancer agent.
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Saleem U, Ahmad B, Ahmad M, Hussain K, Bukhari NI. Anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of latex and leaves methanol extract of Euphorbia helioscopia. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Saleem U, Mahmood S, Ahmad B, Saleem M, Anjum AA. Estimation of genotoxic and mutagenic potential of latex and methanolic leaves extract of Euphorbia helioscopia by comet assay and Ames test. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cristina RT, Dumitrescu E, Brezovan D, Muselin F, Chiurciu V. Effect of Euphorbia cyparissias ointments on acanthosis. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2014; 11:1-6. [PMID: 25371556 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pharmaco-chemical investigation of the Euphorbia cyparissias plant was justified by its known multiple therapeutic valences. Numerous components from extracts and latex of Euphorbiacae were identified, revealing a large plant family with a polyvalent therapeutic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aim of the study was to assess the skin tolerance level to irritation on different testing concentrations, of Euphorbia cyparissias extracts and ointments. Study was accomplished in rats and dogs, with the identification of all possible skin injuries and histological changes, after a simple patch test methodology. RESULTS Ointment dermatological testing on rats, proved to be bearable on epilated skin at concentrations of 1, 2 and 5%. Ointments and mother tincture with higher concentrations (10% and 20%), led to irritation and cutis damages, and this was revealed through histology. CONCLUSION Ointment tested on dog's skin was tolerable for epilated skin to concentrations of 1, 2 and/or 5%, additional testing on human volunteers confirmed the same situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo T Cristina
- Pharmacology and Pharmacy Dept., USAMVB, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 119, Calea Aradului, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Eugenia Dumitrescu
- Pharmacology and Pharmacy Dept., USAMVB, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 119, Calea Aradului, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Diana Brezovan
- Histology and Molecular biology Dept., USAMVB, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 119, Calea Aradului, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Florin Muselin
- Botany Dept., USAMVB, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 119, Calea Aradului, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Viorica Chiurciu
- Drugs Production Dept., Romvac Company, Şos. Centurii no. 7, Voluntari, Romania
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Zhang H, Qian Y, Liu Y, Li G, Cui P, Zhu Y, Ma H, Ji X, Guo S, Tadashi H. Celastrus orbiculatus extract induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2013; 32:621-6. [PMID: 23427399 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the apoptotic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of Celastrus orbiculatus (C. orbiculatus) extract in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCLM6) were treated with C. orbiculatus extract (COE) at different nontoxic concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 microg/mL). The effect of COE on HCCLM6 viability was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Cellular apoptosis following COE treatment was assessed by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. RESULTS COE significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of HCCLM6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis was accompanied by increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression. In addition, COE treatment led to the release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Furthermore, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, and down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation was observed. CONCLUSION COE induces mitochondrial-mediated, caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCCLM6 cells, which might be attributed to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibition of Akt signaling pathways. These data suggest that COE may be a potential treatment for human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
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