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Abstract
Fluid secretion by exocrine glandular organs is essential to the survival of mammals. Each glandular unit within the body is uniquely organized to carry out its own specific functions, with failure to establish these specialized structures resulting in impaired organ function. Here, we review glandular organs in terms of shared and divergent architecture. We first describe the structural organization of the diverse glandular secretory units (the end-pieces) and their fluid transporting systems (the ducts) within the mammalian system, focusing on how tissue architecture corresponds to functional output. We then highlight how defects in development of end-piece and ductal architecture impacts secretory function. Finally, we discuss how knowledge of exocrine gland structure-function relationships can be applied to the development of new diagnostics, regenerative approaches and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameed Khan
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Fitch
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ripla Arora
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Nakao A, Inaba T, Murakami-Sekimata A, Nogawa H. Morphogenesis and Mucus Production of Epithelial Tissues of Three Major Salivary Glands of Embryonic Mouse in 3D Culture. Zoolog Sci 2019; 34:475-483. [PMID: 29219039 DOI: 10.2108/zs160177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic mouse submandibular epithelia initiate branching morphogenesis within two days when embedded in Matrigel and stimulated by members of the epidermal growth factor family. However, it is unknown whether the end buds further branch over longer culture periods, and whether saliva-producing cells differentiate there. In the present study, we cultivated three major (submandibular, sublingual and parotid) salivary epithelia from 13-day embryos for 14 days in mesenchyme-free cultures. All epithelia continued to grow and branch to form numerous acinus-like structures in medium supplemented with neuregulin 1, fibroblast growth factor 1, and insulintransferrin-sodium selenite. Alcian blue staining to detect mucous cells showed that each epithelium differentiated via three distinct modes, as seen in normal development, although the staining intensities were weaker than in normal development. RT-PCR analysis of the amylase gene showed that no epithelia expressed amylase after 14 days of culture, which is inconsistent with the fact that only parotid epithelium does so at postnatal day 7 during normal development. These results suggest that cytodifferentiation progresses to a lesser extent in mesenchyme-free cultures than in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Nakao
- 1 Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takumi Inaba
- 1 Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Akiko Murakami-Sekimata
- 2 Theoretical Nursing and Genetics, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nogawa
- 1 Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Varga I, Blankova A, Konarik M, Baca V, Dvorakova V, Musil V. The Terminologia Histologica after 10years: Inconsistencies, mistakes, and new proposals. Ann Anat 2018; 219:65-75. [PMID: 29885444 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This article details our experience with the Terminologia Histologica (TH) and its utility in the teaching of histology, cytology, and clinical medicine (e.g., pathology and hematology). Latin histological nomenclature has been used for 43years, and the latest version of the TH has been in use for 15years (although it was only issued publicly within the past 10years). The following findings and ensuing proposals allow us to discuss key points pertaining to the TH and make important suggestions for potential changes to the TH (such as the exclusion and inclusion of various terms). We classify these changes into six groups: 1.) mistakes in the TH, 2.) discrepancies among various Terminologiae, 3.) discrepancies within the TH, 4.) the repetition of terms, 5.) synonyms in the TH, and 6.) missing terms in the TH. Surprisingly, unlike the anatomical nomenclature, the histological nomenclature has been neglected in the literature. This article addresses this problem by reviewing and summarizing the state of this field, pointing out key discrepancies, offering solutions, and highlighting topics for further discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Varga
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Alzbeta Blankova
- Institute of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Konarik
- Institute of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Baca
- Institute of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Health Care Studies, College of Polytechnics, Tolstého 16, 586 01 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Dvorakova
- Department of Health Care Studies, College of Polytechnics, Tolstého 16, 586 01 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Musil
- Centre of Scientific Information, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Information Studies and Librarianship, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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