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Gómez-Olivencia A, Arsuaga JL. The Sima de los Huesos thorax and lumbar spine: Selected traits and state-of-the-art. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2465-2490. [PMID: 38450997 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Information on the evolution of the thorax and lumbar spine in the genus Homo is hampered by a limited fossil record due to the inherent fragility of vertebrae and ribs. Neandertals show significant metric and morphological differences in these two anatomical regions, when compared to Homo sapiens. Thus, the important fossil record from the Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los Huesos (SH) not only offers important information on the evolution of these anatomical regions within the Neandertal lineage but also provides important clues to understand the evolution of these regions at the genus level. We present the current knowledge of the costal skeleton, and the thoracic and lumbar spine anatomy of the hominins found in Sima de los Huesos compared to that of Neandertals and modern humans. The current SH fossil record comprises 738 vertebral specimens representing a minimum of 70 cervical, 95 thoracic and 47 lumbar vertebrae, 652 rib fragments representing a minimum of 118 ribs, and 26 sternal fragments representing 4 sterna. The SH hominins exhibit a morphological pattern in their thorax and lumbar spine more similar to that of Neandertals than to that of H. sapiens, which is consistent with the phylogenetic position of these hominins. However, there are some differences between the SH hominins and Neandertals in these anatomical regions, primarily in the orientation of the lumbar transverse processes and in the robusticity of the second ribs. The presence of some but not all of the suite of Neandertal-derived features is consistent with the pattern found in the cranium and other postcranial regions of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Gómez-Olivencia
- Dept. Geología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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López-Rey JM, Cambra-Moo Ó, González Martín A, Candelas González N, Sánchez-Andrés Á, Tawane M, Cazenave M, Williams SA, Bastir M, García-Martínez D. Covariation between the shape and mineralized tissues of the rib cross section in Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes and Sts 14. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 183:157-164. [PMID: 37724468 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studying rib torsion is crucial for understanding the evolution of the hominid ribcage. Interestingly, there are variables of the rib cross section that could be associated with rib torsion and, consequently, with the morphology of the thorax. The aim of this research is to conduct a comparative study of the shape and mineralized tissues of the rib cross section in different hominids to test for significant differences and, if possible, associate them to different thoracic morphotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consists of the rib cross sections at the midshaft taken from 10 Homo sapiens and 10 Pan troglodytes adult individuals, as well as from A. africanus Sts 14. The shape of these rib cross sections was quantified using geometric morphometrics, while the mineralized tissues were evaluated using the compartmentalization index. Subsequently, covariation between both parameters was tested by a Spearman's ρ test, a permutation test and a linear regression. RESULTS Generally, P. troglodytes individuals exhibit rib cross sections that are rounder and more mineralized compared to those of H. sapiens. However, the covariation between both parameters was only observed in typical ribs (levels 3-10). Although covariation was not found in the rib cross sections of Sts 14, their parameters are closer to P. troglodytes. DISCUSSION On the one hand, the differences observed in the rib cross sections between H. sapiens and P. troglodytes might be related to different degrees of rib torsion and, consequently, to different thoracic 3D configurations. These findings can be functionally explained by considering their distinct modes of breathing and locomotion. On the other hand, although the rib cross sections belonging to Sts 14 are more similar to those of P. troglodytes, previous publications determined that their overall morphology is closer to modern humans. This discrepancy could reflect a diversity of post-cranial adaptations in Australopithecus.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M López-Rey
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Cambra-Moo
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando González Martín
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Candelas González
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mirriam Tawane
- Department of Paleontology, Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marine Cazenave
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Scott A Williams
- Center for the Study of Human Origins (CSHO), Department of Anthropology, New York University (NYU), New York, New York, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, New York, USA
| | - Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Martínez
- Physical Anthropology Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Paleobiology, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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López-Rey JM, García-Martínez D, Martelli S, Beyer B, Palancar CA, Torres-Sánchez I, García-Río F, Bastir M. Estimation of the upper diaphragm in KNM-WT 15000 (Homo erectus s.l.) and Kebara 2 (Homo neanderthalensis) using a Homo sapiens model. J Hum Evol 2023; 185:103442. [PMID: 37862773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José M López-Rey
- Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel García-Martínez
- Physical Anthropology Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Calle José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra, CC Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martelli
- UCL Centre for Integrative Anatomy, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Benoît Beyer
- Laboratory for Functional Anatomy, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Carlos A Palancar
- Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Torres-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Río
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Yoshimi M, Maeda N, Komiya M, Fukui K, Tashiro T, Kaneda K, Arima S, Tsutsumi S, Abekura T, Urabe Y. Effect of thoracic expansion restriction on scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joint motion during shoulder external rotation. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:1399-1406. [PMID: 35723089 PMCID: PMC9697060 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-220006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoulder external rotation in the throwing motion involves movement of the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joints, thoracic spine, and the thorax. Restriction of thoracic expansion may decrease scapulothoracic joint motion and compensate by excessive glenohumeral joint motion. However, it is unclear how restricting the expansion of the thorax alters shoulder motion. OBJECTIVE To elucidate changes in scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joint movements caused by restricted thoracic expansion. METHODS Kinematic data were obtained using an electromagnetic tracking device (Liberty; Polhemus), from 18 male participants, during shoulder external rotation in the sitting position with and without restriction of thoracic expansion. The displacements from the start position to the maximum external rotation position were compared, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated. RESULTS A significant difference was observed in the scapulothoracic posterior tilt angle (P< 0.01) and glenohumeral external rotation angle (P< 0.01). A significant positive correlation existed between scapulothoracic posterior tilt and glenohumeral external rotation (P< 0.05) with and without restriction. CONCLUSIONS Restriction of thoracic expansion decreased scapulothoracic motion and increased glenohumeral motion. Thus, a decrease in thoracic expansion may change scapulothoracic and glenohumeral movements, which may be a risk factor for throwing injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yukio Urabe
- Corresponding author: Yukio Urabe, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan. Tel.: +81 82 257 5405; Fax: +81 82 257 5405; E-mail:
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Patel N, Chong K, Baydur A. Methods and Applications in Respiratory Physiology: Respiratory Mechanics, Drive and Muscle Function in Neuromuscular and Chest Wall Disorders. Front Physiol 2022; 13:838414. [PMID: 35774289 PMCID: PMC9237333 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.838414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders experience respiratory muscle weakness, reduced lung volume and increases in respiratory elastance and resistance which lead to increase in work of breathing, impaired gas exchange and respiratory pump failure. Recently developed methods to assess respiratory muscle weakness, mechanics and movement supplement traditionally employed spirometry and methods to evaluate gas exchange. These include recording postural change in vital capacity, respiratory pressures (mouth and sniff), electromyography and ultrasound evaluation of diaphragmatic thickness and excursions. In this review, we highlight key aspects of the pathophysiology of these conditions as they impact the patient and describe measures to evaluate respiratory dysfunction. We discuss potential areas of physiologic investigation in the evaluation of respiratory aspects of these disorders.
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Hisaund A, Pietton R, Vialle R, Skalli W, Vergari C. Feasibility of Rib Kinematics and Intercostal-Space Biomechanical Characterization by Ultrasound in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:1957-1963. [PMID: 33926755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the feasibility of combined ultrasonography and elastography measurement to characterize the mechanical properties of the intercostal space during breathing. Eighteen asymptomatic participants (ages 13 ± 2 y) and six participants with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) were included (Cobb angle 60° ± 12°). Ultrasonographic and elastographic clips were acquired of T8-T9 ribs and the intercostal space. The two adjacent ribs were tracked to infer the breathing cycle. Shear-wave speed (SWS) was measured in the intercostal space at different stages of the breathing cycle. SWS was symmetric in the control group, during both expiration and inspiration. In AIS, the SWS during inspiration was higher in the convex side than in the concave one (p = 0.02). Furthermore, SWS was higher during inspiration than expiration in the control group and in the AIS convex side, but not in the AIS concave side (p > 0.05). This new method combining echography and shear-wave elastography allowed measurement of the mechanical characteristics of the intercostal space at different phases of the breathing cycle and highlighted differences between the AIS and control groups. This approach opens the way to further analyses of the biomechanical characteristics of breathing in severe AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Hisaund
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IBHGC - Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, HESAM Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Pietton
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Vialle
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Wafa Skalli
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IBHGC - Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, HESAM Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Claudio Vergari
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IBHGC - Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, HESAM Université, F-75013, Paris, France.
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7
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Luu BL, McDonald RJ, Bolsterlee B, Héroux ME, Butler JE, Hudson AL. Movement of the ribs in supine humans for small and large changes in lung volume. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:174-183. [PMID: 34013751 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01046.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An object-tracking algorithm was used on computed tomography (CT) images of the thorax from six healthy participants and nine participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to describe the movement of the ribs between the static lung volumes of functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC). The continuous motion of the ribs during tidal breathing was also described using four-dimensional CT datasets from seven participants with thoracic esophageal malignancies. Rib motion was defined relative to a local joint coordinate system where rotations about the axes that predominantly affected the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the rib cage were referred to as pump-handle and bucket-handle movements, respectively. Between TLC and FRC, pump-handle movements were 1.8 times larger in healthy participants than in participants with COPD, in line with their 1.6 times larger inspiratory capacities. However, when rib motion was normalized to the change in lung volume, pump-handle movements were similar for healthy participants and participants with COPD. We found no differences in bucket-handle movements between participant groups before and after normalization. Pump-handle movement was the dominant rib motion between FRC and TLC, on average four times greater than bucket-handle movement in healthy participants. For expiratory tidal volume, pump-handle movements were 20% smaller than bucket-handle movements. When normalized to tidal volume and compared with inspiratory capacity, pump-handle movements were smaller and bucket-handle movements were larger during tidal breathing. The findings suggest that the pump-handle and bucket-handle components of rib motion vary for small and large changes in lung volume.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Rib movements over inspiratory capacity are comparable for healthy participants and participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when normalized to the change in lung volume. The kinematics of the ribs during tidal breathing were described from four-dimensional computed tomography images. For large changes in lung volume with inspiratory capacity, pump-handle movements of the ribs are four times greater than bucket-handle movements, whereas at tidal volume, pump-handle movements are 20% smaller than bucket-handle movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy L Luu
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rhys J McDonald
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bart Bolsterlee
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin E Héroux
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane E Butler
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna L Hudson
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Kent DT, Weiner JS, Chio EG, Weidenbecher M. Hypoglossal nerve stimulator implantation via a 2-incision technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Rib cage anatomy in Homo erectus suggests a recent evolutionary origin of modern human body shape. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1178-1187. [PMID: 32632258 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The tall and narrow body shape of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved via changes in the thorax, pelvis and limbs. It is debated, however, whether these modifications first evolved together in African Homo erectus, or whether H. erectus had a more primitive body shape that was distinct from both the more ape-like Australopithecus species and H. sapiens. Here we present the first quantitative three-dimensional reconstruction of the thorax of the juvenile H. erectus skeleton, KNM-WT 15000, from Nariokotome, Kenya, along with its estimated adult rib cage, for comparison with H. sapiens and the Kebara 2 Neanderthal. Our three-dimensional reconstruction demonstrates a short, mediolaterally wide and anteroposteriorly deep thorax in KNM-WT 15000 that differs considerably from the much shallower thorax of H. sapiens, pointing to a recent evolutionary origin of fully modern human body shape. The large respiratory capacity of KNM-WT 15000 is compatible with the relatively stocky, more primitive, body shape of H. erectus.
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10
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Sanchis-Gimeno JA, Lois-Zlolniski S, María González-Ruiz J, Palancar CA, Torres-Tamayo N, García-Martínez D, Aparicio L, Perez-Bermejo M, Blanco-Perez E, Mata-Escolano F, Llidó S, Torres-Sanchez I, García-Río F, Bastir M. Association between ribs shape and pulmonary function in patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Adv Res 2019; 21:177-185. [PMID: 32071786 PMCID: PMC7015465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chest deformities in Osteogenesis Imperfecta patients affect pulmonary function. We present the rib cage deformities related to pulmonary function. There are significant relations between ribs shape and spirometric parameters. There is no relationship between thoracic spine shape and spirometric parameters. Correction of rib cage deformities will serve for better patients’ management.
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that ribs shape changes in patients with OI are more relevant for respiratory function than thoracic spine shape. We used 3D geometric morphometrics to quantify rib cage morphology in OI patients and controls, and to investigate its relationship with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), expressed as absolute value and as percentage of predicted value (% pred). Regression analyses on the full sample showed a significant relation between rib shape and FEV1, FVC and FVC % pred whereas thoracic spine shape was not related to any parameter. Subsequent regression analyses on OI patients confirmed significant relations between dynamic lung volumes and rib shape changes. Lower FVC and FEV1 values are identified in OI patients that present more horizontally aligned ribs, a greater antero-posterior depth due to extreme transverse curve at rib angles and a strong spine invagination, greater asymmetry, and a vertically short, thoraco-lumbar spine, which is relatively straight in at levels 1–8 and shows a marked kyphosis in the thoraco-lumbar transition. Our research seems to support that ribs shape is more relevant for ventilator mechanics in OI patients than the spine shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Sanchis-Gimeno
- Giaval Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Stephanie Lois-Zlolniski
- Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José María González-Ruiz
- Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos A Palancar
- Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicole Torres-Tamayo
- Giaval Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Martínez
- Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Aparicio
- Giaval Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcelino Perez-Bermejo
- Giaval Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Blanco-Perez
- Giaval Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital de La Ribera, Carretera Corbera Km 1, 46600 Alzira, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico Mata-Escolano
- ASCIRES ERESA Campanar Group, CT and MRI Unit, Avda. de Campanar 114, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Susanna Llidó
- Giaval Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Torres-Sanchez
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Río
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Bastir
- Giaval Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Lois Zlolniski S, Torres‐Tamayo N, García‐Martínez D, Blanco‐Pérez E, Mata‐Escolano F, Barash A, Nalla S, Martelli S, Sanchis‐Gimeno JA, Bastir M. 3D geometric morphometric analysis of variation in the human lumbar spine. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 170:361-372. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Federico Mata‐Escolano
- CT and MRI Unit, ERESA, Department of RadiologyGeneral University Hospital Valencia Spain
| | - Alon Barash
- Faculty of Medicine in the GalileeBar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Shahed Nalla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Sandra Martelli
- Centre for Integrative Anatomy (CIA), Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyFaculty of Life Sciences, University College London London UK
| | - Juan A. Sanchis‐Gimeno
- Giaval Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology GroupMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) Madrid Spain
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12
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Wang C, Liu C, Giatsidis G, Cheng H, Chen L, Kang D, Panayi AC, Luan J. The Effect of Respiration on Breast Measurement Using Three-dimensional Breast Imaging. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:53-58. [PMID: 30242460 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-018-1231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) imaging offers new opportunities to enable objective and quantitative analysis of the breast. Unlike scanning of rigid objects, respiration may be one of the factors that can influence the measurement of breast when using 3D imaging. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the different respiratory phases affect 3D morphologic and volumetric evaluations of the breast. METHODS We performed preoperative 3D breast imaging at the end of expiration (EE) and the end of inspiration (EI). We repeated scans on each respiratory phase, taking four scans in total (EE1, EE2 and EI1, EI2). Using Geomagic Studio 12 software, measurements from the different respiratory phases (EE1 and EI1) were compared for differences in the linear distances of breast. Breast volumetric change error (BVCE) was measured between EE1 and EE2 (R1) and between EI1 and EI2 (R2). A multilevel model was used to analyze the difference of linear-distances parameters between EE1 and EI1 and a paired sample t-test was used to analyze the difference between R1 and R2. RESULTS Our study included 13 Chinese women (26 breasts) with a mean age of 32.6 ± 6.3 years. Compared with EI, EE showed a longer sternal notch to the level of the inframammary fold and shorter nipple to midline (p < 0.05). During EI, breast projection increased by 0.23 cm (95% CI - 0.39, - 0.08) and breast base width increased by 0.27 cm (95% CI - 0.46, - 0.09). The position of the nipple moved by 0.18 cm (95% CI - 0.34, - 0.03) laterally, 0.41 cm (95% CI 0.18, 0.64) cranially, and 0.71 cm (95% CI - 0.92, - 0.51) anteriorly. Although there was no significant difference in BVCE between EE and EI, the result seen with EE appeared to be more consistent. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that there was no difference in breast volume results when patients are in the expiratory or inspiratory state during 3D breast imaging. This study, however, holds potential benefits to both surgical practice as well as the 3D imaging industry. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Landi F, O’Higgins P. Applying Geometric Morphometrics to Digital Reconstruction and Anatomical Investigation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1171:55-71. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24281-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Gómez-Olivencia A, Barash A, García-Martínez D, Arlegi M, Kramer P, Bastir M, Been E. 3D virtual reconstruction of the Kebara 2 Neandertal thorax. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4387. [PMID: 30377294 PMCID: PMC6207772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The size and shape of the Neandertal thorax has been debated since the first discovery of Neandertal ribs more than 150 years ago, with workers proposing different interpretations ranging from a Neandertal thoracic morphology that is indistinguishable from modern humans, to one that was significantly different from them. Here, we provide a virtual 3D reconstruction of the thorax of the adult male Kebara 2 Neandertal. Our analyses reveal that the Kebara 2 thorax is significantly different but not larger from that of modern humans, wider in its lower segment, which parallels his wide bi-iliac breadth, and with a more invaginated vertebral column. Kinematic analyses show that rib cages that are wider in their lower segment produce greater overall size increments (respiratory capacity) during inspiration. We hypothesize that Neandertals may have had a subtle, but somewhat different breathing mechanism compared to modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Gómez-Olivencia
- Dept. Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
- Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194, CNRS, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, 17, Place du Trocadéro, 75016, Paris, France.
- Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Alon Barash
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold, 8. P.O.B 1589, 1311502, Zefat, Israel
| | - Daniel García-Martínez
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Arlegi
- Dept. Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, PACEA UMR 5199, Bâtiment B8, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Patricia Kramer
- Departments of Anthropology and Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-3100, USA
| | - Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ella Been
- Department of Sports Therapy, Faculty of Health Professions, Ono Academic College, 5545001, Kiryat Ono, Israel
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Torres-Tamayo N, García-Martínez D, Nalla S, Barash A, Williams SA, Blanco-Pérez E, Mata Escolano F, Sanchis-Gimeno JA, Bastir M. The torso integration hypothesis revisited in Homo sapiens: Contributions to the understanding of hominin body shape evolution. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:777-790. [PMID: 30259957 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lower thoracic widths and curvatures track upper pelvic widths and iliac blades curvatures in hominins and other primates (torso integration hypothesis). However, recent studies suggest that sexual dimorphism could challenge this assumption in Homo sapiens. We test the torso integration hypothesis in two modern human populations, both considering and excluding the effect of sexual dimorphism. We further assess covariation patterns between different thoracic and pelvic levels, and we explore the allometric effects on torso shape variation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sex-balanced sample of 50 anatomically connected torsos (25 Mediterraneans, 25 Sub-Saharan Africans) was segmented from computed tomography scans. We compared the maximum medio-lateral width at seventh-ninth rib levels with pelvic bi-iliac breadth in males and females within both populations. We measured 1,030 (semi)landmarks on 3D torso models, and torso shape variation, mean size and shape comparisons, thoraco-pelvic covariation and allometric effects were quantified through 3D geometric morphometrics. RESULTS Females show narrow thoraces and wide pelves and males show wide thoraces and narrow pelves, although this trend is more evident in Mediterraneans than in Sub-Saharans. Equal thoracic and pelvic widths, depths and curvatures were found in absence of sexual dimorphism. The highest strength of covariation was found between the lowest rib levels and the ilia, and allometric analyses showed that smaller torsos were wider than larger torsos. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study testing statistically the torso integration hypothesis in anatomically connected torsos. We propose a new and more complex torso integration model in H. sapiens with sexual dimorphism leading to different thoracic and pelvic widths and curvatures. These findings have important implications in hominin body shape reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahed Nalla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alon Barash
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Scott A Williams
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York
| | | | - Federico Mata Escolano
- CT and MRI Unit, ERESA, Department of Radiology, General University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Alberto Sanchis-Gimeno
- Department of Radiology, Hospital de La Ribera, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
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García-Martínez D, Campo Martín M, González Martín A, Cambra-Moo Ó, Barash A, Bastir M. Reevaluation of ‘endocostal ossifications’ on the Kebara 2 Neanderthal ribs. J Hum Evol 2018; 122:33-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Over 100 years of Krapina: New insights into the Neanderthal thorax from the study of rib cross-sectional morphology. J Hum Evol 2018; 122:124-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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García-Martínez D, Torres-Tamayo N, Torres-Sánchez I, García-Río F, Rosas A, Bastir M. Ribcage measurements indicate greater lung capacity in Neanderthals and Lower Pleistocene hominins compared to modern humans. Commun Biol 2018; 1:117. [PMID: 30271997 PMCID: PMC6123625 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our most recent fossil relatives, the Neanderthals, had a large brain and a very heavy body compared to modern humans. This type of body requires high levels of energetic intake. While food (meat and fat consumption) is a source of energy, oxygen via respiration is also necessary for metabolism. We would therefore expect Neanderthals to have large respiratory capacities. Here we estimate the pulmonary capacities of Neanderthals, based on costal measurements and physiological data from a modern human comparative sample. The Kebara 2 male had a lung volume of about 9.04 l; Tabun C1, a female individual, a lung volume of 5.85 l; and a Neanderthal from the El Sidrón site, a lung volume of 9.03 l. These volumes are approximately 20% greater than the corresponding volumes of modern humans of the same body size and sex. These results show that the Neanderthal body was highly sensitive to energy supply. Daniel García-Martínez et al. report Neanderthal lung volume estimates based on measurements from rib bone fossils and lung capacity data from modern humans. They estimate that Neanderthal individuals had approximately 20% higher lung capacity than modern humans, possibly due to higher energy requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García-Martínez
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nicole Torres-Tamayo
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Torres-Sánchez
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Biomedical Research Institute (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Río
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Biomedical Research Institute (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rosas
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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García-Martínez D, Nalla S, Ferreira MT, Guichón RA, D'Angelo Del Campo MD, Bastir M. Eco-geographic adaptations in the human ribcage throughout a 3D geometric morphometric approach. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:323-336. [PMID: 29417988 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES According to eco-geographic rules, humans from high latitude areas present larger and wider trunks than their low-latitude areas counterparts. This issue has been traditionally addressed on the pelvis but information on the thorax is largely lacking. We test whether ribcages are larger in individuals inhabiting high latitudes than in those from low latitudes and explored the correlation of rib size with latitude. We also test whether a common morphological pattern is exhibited in the thorax of different cold-adapted populations, contributing to their hypothetical widening of the trunk. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 3D geometric morphometrics to quantify rib morphology of three hypothetically cold-adapted populations, viz. Greenland (11 individuals), Alaskan Inuit (8 individuals) and people from Tierra del Fuego (8 individuals), in a comparative framework with European (Spain, Portugal and Austria; 24 individuals) and African populations (South African and sub-Saharan African; 20 individuals). RESULTS Populations inhabiting high latitudes present longer ribs than individuals inhabiting areas closer to the equator, but a correlation (p < 0.05) between costal size and latitude is only found in ribs 7-11. Regarding shape, the only cold adapted population that was different from the non-cold-adapted populations were the Greenland Inuit, who presented ribs with less curvature and torsion. CONCLUSIONS Size results from the lower ribcage are consistent with the hypothesis of larger trunks in cold-adapted populations. The fact that only Greenland Inuit present a differential morphological pattern, linked to a widening of their ribcage, could be caused by differences in latitude. However, other factors such as genetic drift or specific cultural adaptations cannot be excluded and should be tested in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahed Nalla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Evolutionary Studies Institute (ESI) and Center of Excellence in Palaeosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maria Teresa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A Guichón
- Núcleo de Estudios Interdisciplinarios de Poblaciones Humanas de Patagonia Austral, Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina (CONICET)
| | - Manuel D D'Angelo Del Campo
- Núcleo de Estudios Interdisciplinarios de Poblaciones Humanas de Patagonia Austral, Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina (CONICET).,Laboratorio de Poblaciones de Pasado, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Torres‐Tamayo N, García‐Martínez D, Lois Zlolniski S, Torres‐Sánchez I, García‐Río F, Bastir M. 3D analysis of sexual dimorphism in size, shape and breathing kinematics of human lungs. J Anat 2018; 232:227-237. [PMID: 29148039 PMCID: PMC5770305 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in the human respiratory system has been previously reported at the skeletal (cranial and thoracic) level, but also at the pulmonary level. Regarding lungs, foregoing studies have yielded sex-related differences in pulmonary size as well as lung shape details, but different methodological approaches have led to discrepant results on differences in respiratory patterns between males and females. The purpose of this study is to analyse sexual dimorphism in human lungs during forced respiration using 3D geometric morphometrics. Eighty computed tomographies (19 males and 21 females) were taken in maximal forced inspiration (FI) and expiration (FE), and 415 (semi)landmarks were digitized on 80 virtual lung models for the 3D quantification of pulmonary size, shape and kinematic differences. We found that males showed larger lungs than females (P < 0.05), and significantly greater size and shape differences between FI and FE. Morphologically, males have pyramidal lung geometry, with greater lower lung width when comparing with the apices, in contrast to the prismatic lung shape and similar widths at upper and lower lungs of females. Multivariate regression analyses confirmed the effect of sex on lung size (36.26%; P < 0.05) and on lung shape (7.23%; P < 0.05), and yielded two kinematic vectors with a small but statistically significant angle between them (13.22°; P < 0.05) that confirms sex-related differences in the respiratory patterns. Our 3D approach shows sexual dimorphism in human lungs likely due to a greater diaphragmatic action in males and a predominant intercostal muscle action in females during breathing. These size and shape differences would lead to different respiratory patterns between sexes, whose physiological implications need to be studied in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Torres‐Tamayo
- Paleoanthropology GroupMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC)MadridSpain
- Biology DepartmentFaculty of SciencesAutonoma University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Daniel García‐Martínez
- Paleoanthropology GroupMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC)MadridSpain
- Biology DepartmentFaculty of SciencesAutonoma University of MadridMadridSpain
| | | | | | - Francisco García‐Río
- Hospital Universitario La PazInstitute of Biomedical Research (Idipaz)MadridSpain
| | - Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology GroupMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC)MadridSpain
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21
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3D geometric morphometrics of thorax variation and allometry in Hominoidea. J Hum Evol 2017; 113:10-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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García-Martínez D, Gil OG, Cambra-Moo O, Canillas M, Rodríguez MA, Bastir M, Martín AG. External and internal ontogenetic changes in the first rib. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 164:750-762. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García-Martínez
- Paleoanthropology Group; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC); 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Orosia García Gil
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP). Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Oscar Cambra-Moo
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP). Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Arqueología Antigua y Medieval; Universidad de Oviedo; 33011 Oviedo Spain
| | - María Canillas
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas); 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rodríguez
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas); 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC); 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Armando González Martín
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP). Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Arqueología Antigua y Medieval; Universidad de Oviedo; 33011 Oviedo Spain
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The costal remains of the El Sidrón Neanderthal site (Asturias, northern Spain) and their importance for understanding Neanderthal thorax morphology. J Hum Evol 2017; 111:85-101. [PMID: 28874276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of the Neanderthal thorax has attracted the attention of the scientific community for more than a century. It is agreed that Neanderthals have a more capacious thorax than modern humans, but whether this was caused by a medio-lateral or an antero-posterior expansion of the thorax is still debated, and is key to understanding breathing biomechanics and body shape in Neanderthals. The fragile nature of ribs, the metameric structure of the thorax and difficulties in quantifying thorax morphology all contribute to uncertainty regarding precise aspects of Neanderthal thoracic shape. The El Sidrón site has yielded costal remains from the upper to the lower thorax, as well as several proximal rib ends (frequently missing in the Neanderthal record), which help to shed light on Neanderthal thorax shape. We compared the El Sidrón costal elements with ribs from recent modern humans as well as with fossil modern humans and other Neanderthals through traditional morphometric methods and 3D geometric morphometrics, combined with missing data estimation and virtual reconstruction (at the 1st, 5th and 11th costal levels). Our results show that Neanderthals have larger rib heads and articular tubercles than their modern human counterparts. Neanderthal 1st ribs are smaller than in modern humans, whereas 5th and 11th ribs are considerably larger. When we articulated mean ribs (size and shape) with their corresponding vertebral elements, we observed that compared to modern humans the Neanderthal thorax is medio-laterally expanded at every level, especially at T5 and T11. Therefore, in the light of evidence from the El Sidrón costal remains, we hypothesize that the volumetric expansion of the Neanderthal thorax proposed by previous authors would mainly be produced by a medio-lateral expansion of the thorax.
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Bastir M, García Martínez D, Rios L, Higuero A, Barash A, Martelli S, García Tabernero A, Estalrrich A, Huguet R, de la Rasilla M, Rosas A. Three-dimensional morphometrics of thoracic vertebrae in Neandertals and the fossil evidence from El Sidrón (Asturias, Northern Spain). J Hum Evol 2017. [PMID: 28622931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Well preserved thoracic vertebrae of Neandertals are rare. However, such fossils are important as their three-dimensional (3D) spatial configuration can contribute to the understanding of the size and shape of the thoracic spine and the entire thorax. This is because the vertebral body and transverse processes provide the articulation and attachment sites for the ribs. Dorsal orientation of the transverse processes relative to the vertebral body also rotates the attached ribs in a way that could affect thorax width. Previous research indicates possible evidence for greater dorsal orientation of the transverse processes and small vertebral body heights in Neandertals, but their 3D vertebral structure has not yet been addressed. Here we present 15 new vertebral remains from the El Sidrón Neandertals (Asturias, Northern Spain) and used 3D geometric morphometrics to address the above issues by comparing two particularly well preserved El Sidrón remains (SD-1619, SD-1641) with thoracic vertebrae from other Neandertals and a sample of anatomically modern humans. Centroid sizes of El Sidrón vertebrae are within the human range. Neandertals have larger T1 and probably also T2. The El Sidrón vertebrae are similar in 3D shape to those of other Neandertals, which differ from Homo sapiens particularly in central-lower regions (T6-T10) of the thoracic spine. Differences include more dorsally and cranially oriented transverse processes, less caudally oriented spinous processes, and vertebral bodies that are anteroposteriorly and craniocaudally short. The results fit with current reconstructions of Neandertal thorax morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel García Martínez
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rios
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Higuero
- Universidad de Cantabria, Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria (IIIPC), Avda. de los Castros, s/n, E-39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Alon Barash
- Faculty of Medicine Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Henrietta Szold, 8 P.O.B 1589, 1311502, Zefat, Israel
| | - Sandra Martelli
- Department Of Cell And Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio García Tabernero
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Estalrrich
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Huguet
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4 - Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marco de la Rasilla
- Department of History, University of Oviedo, Campus del Milán C/ Teniente Alfonso Martínez s/n, E-33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio Rosas
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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