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Huysseune A, Witten PE. Continuous tooth replacement: what can teleost fish teach us? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:797-819. [PMID: 38151229 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Most tooth-bearing non-mammalian vertebrates have the capacity to replace their teeth throughout life. This capacity was lost in mammals, which replace their teeth only once at most. Not surprisingly, continuous tooth replacement has attracted much attention. Classical morphological studies (e.g. to analyse patterns of replacement) are now being complemented by molecular studies that investigate the expression of genes involved in tooth formation. This review focuses on ray-finned fish (actinopterygians), which have teeth often distributed throughout the mouth and pharynx, and more specifically on teleost fish, the largest group of extant vertebrates. First we highlight the diversity in tooth distribution and in tooth replacement patterns. Replacement tooth formation can start from a distinct (usually discontinuous and transient) dental lamina, but also in the absence of a successional lamina, e.g. from the surface epithelium of the oropharynx or from the outer dental epithelium of a predecessor tooth. The relationship of a replacement tooth to its predecessor is closely related to whether replacement is the result of a prepattern or occurs on demand. As replacement teeth do not necessarily have the same molecular signature as first-generation teeth, the question of the actual trigger for tooth replacement is discussed. Much emphasis has been laid in the past on the potential role of epithelial stem cells in initiating tooth replacement. The outcome of such studies has been equivocal, possibly related to the taxa investigated, and the permanent or transient nature of the dental lamina. Alternatively, replacement may result from local proliferation of undifferentiated progenitors, stimulated by hitherto unknown, perhaps mesenchymal, factors. So far, the role of the neurovascular link in continuous tooth replacement has been poorly investigated, despite the presence of a rich vascularisation surrounding actinopterygian (as well as chondrichthyan) teeth and despite a complete arrest of tooth replacement after nerve resection. Lastly, tooth replacement is possibly co-opted as a process to expand the number of teeth in a dentition ontogenetically whilst conserving features of the primary dentition. That neither a dental lamina, nor stem cells appear to be required for tooth replacement places teleosts in an advantageous position as models for tooth regeneration in humans, where the dental lamina regresses and epithelial stem cells are considered lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Huysseune
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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Huang R, Tang L, Li R, Li Y, Zhan L, Huang X. Tooth pattern, development, and replacement in the yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. J Morphol 2024; 285:e21657. [PMID: 38100745 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies of teleost teeth are important for understanding the evolution and mechanisms of tooth development, replacement, and regeneration. Here, we used gross specimens, microcomputed tomography, and histological analysis to characterize tooth structure, development, and resorption patterns in adult Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The oral and pharyngeal teeth are villiform and conical. Multiple rows of dentition are densely distributed and the tooth germ is derived from the epithelium. P. fulvidraco exhibits a discontinuous and non-permanent dental lamina. Epithelial cells surround the teeth and are separated into distinct tooth units by mesenchymal tissue. Tooth development is completed in the form of independent tooth units. P. fulvidraco does not undergo simultaneous tooth replacement. Based on tooth development and resorption status, five forms of teeth are present in adult P. fulvidraco: developing tooth germs, accompanied by relatively immature tooth germs; mature and well-mineralized tooth accompanied by one tooth germ; teeth that have begun resorption, but not completely fractured; fractured teeth with only residual attachment to the underlying bone; and teeth that are completely resorbed and detached. Seven biological stages of a tooth in P. fulvidraco were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhan
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Wang M, Zhang L, Lin F, Zheng Q, Xu X, Mei L. Dynamic study into autophagy and apoptosis during orthodontic tooth movement. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:430. [PMID: 33747169 PMCID: PMC7967888 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has been widely observed worldwide. The OTM process is involved in several biological activities and can result in temporary hypoxia. The dynamic changes of autophagy and apoptosis during OTM have not, to the best of our knowledge, been previously reported. In the present study, an OTM animal model was established. Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and osteoclasts were investigated using H&E and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. The changes in the expression levels of certain autophagy and apoptotic markers were investigated using immunohistochemical staining. A significant decrease in PDLC and an increase in osteoclast numbers were observed 1 day following OTM induction. The expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3-II peaked at 1 h post-OTM, followed by a gradual decrease. The expression levels of P62 in each experimental group were significantly lower than those noted in the 0 h group. The expression levels of Bcl-2 were markedly increased 1 h following OTM and reached a maximum at 1 day post-OTM. The highest expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were observed 7 days following OTM induction. The present study provided additional information regarding the involvement of autophagy and apoptotic markers in the OTM process and aided the understanding of the initiation and pathophysiological progression of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoying Wang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Fuwei Lin
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Li Mei
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Udagawa S, Miyara K, Takekata H, Takeuchi Y, Takemura A. Investigation on the validity of 3D micro-CT imaging in the fish brain. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 328:108416. [PMID: 31472188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive technique that is used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images of tissue structure in small animals. Compared with extensive mammal studies, few 3D imaging studies of fish have been conducted using micro-CT. An optimized method for imaging fish tissue structure is necessary, because they have adapted to diverse environments via functional and structural specialization. NEW METHOD Brains of three species with different sizes and habitats were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and immersed in non-ionic iodinated contrast agent (Iopamiron). We examined the relationship between Iopamiron concentration and immersion time to determine universally optimal conditions for use in fish. RESULTS We reconstructed 3D images of whole fish brains from cross-sections of brains from the Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus), bastard halibut (Paralichthys olivaceus), and threespot wrasse (Halichoeres trimaculatus). Developmental changes in brain structure were observed in the bastard halibut. Most brain regions of the threespot wrasse were distinguishable, although inner regions of the brain were less visible. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Histological techniques are typically used to observe fish brain structure, despite its drawbacks in terms of tissue sample preparation (shrinkage and distortion) and image capture (3D image constriction). The technique examined in the present study solves these problems and allows for the simultaneous handling of multiple specimens. CONCLUSION Micro-CT imaging is suitable for observing the surfaces and inner structures of fish of various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Udagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Keitaro Miyara
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takekata
- Organization for Research Promotion, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takemura
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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