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Follett HM, Warr E, Grieshop J, Yu CT, Gaffney M, Bowie OR, Lee JW, Tarima S, Merriman DK, Carroll J. Chemically induced cone degeneration in the 13-lined ground squirrel. Vis Neurosci 2024; 41:E002. [PMID: 38725382 PMCID: PMC11106521 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523824000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Animal models of retinal degeneration are critical for understanding disease and testing potential therapies. Inducing degeneration commonly involves the administration of chemicals that kill photoreceptors by disrupting metabolic pathways, signaling pathways, or protein synthesis. While chemically induced degeneration has been demonstrated in a variety of animals (mice, rats, rabbits, felines, 13-lined ground squirrels (13-LGS), pigs, chicks), few studies have used noninvasive high-resolution retinal imaging to monitor the in vivo cellular effects. Here, we used longitudinal scanning light ophthalmoscopy (SLO), optical coherence tomography, and adaptive optics SLO imaging in the euthermic, cone-dominant 13-LGS (46 animals, 52 eyes) to examine retinal structure following intravitreal injections of chemicals, which were previously shown to induce photoreceptor degeneration, throughout the active season of 2019 and 2020. We found that iodoacetic acid induced severe pan-retinal damage in all but one eye, which received the lowest concentration. While sodium nitroprusside successfully induced degeneration of the outer retinal layers, the results were variable, and damage was also observed in 50% of contralateral control eyes. Adenosine triphosphate and tunicamycin induced outer retinal specific damage with varying results, while eyes injected with thapsigargin did not show signs of degeneration. Given the variability of damage we observed, follow-up studies examining the possible physiological origins of this variability are critical. These additional studies should further advance the utility of chemically induced photoreceptor degeneration models in the cone-dominant 13-LGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Follett
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emma Warr
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jenna Grieshop
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ching Tzu Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mina Gaffney
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Owen R. Bowie
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sergey Tarima
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dana K. Merriman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Zdun M, Melnyk OP, Melnyk OO, Nabzdyk M. Blood supply to the cranial cavity in the patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum). Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2199-2205. [PMID: 36976443 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Rodents are the most numerous order of mammals. The literature presents information on the arterial circle of the brain in capybara, the guinea pig of the family Caviidae and many other not so closely related rodent species. Information on the blood supply to the brain is often incomplete and focuses on one pathway in a broader comparative aspect. The supply of oxygen and nutrients to the brain is very important for its proper functioning. The aim of this study is to describe the pathways supplying blood to the cranial cavity and to describe the arterial circle of the brain in the Patagonian mara. The study was conducted on 46 specimens using two methods. The first of them used a stained solution of the chemo-setting acrylic material. The second one, the colored liquid LBS 3060 latex. The arterial circle of the brain is a heart-shaped structure. It is formed by rostral cerebral arteries, caudal communicating arteries and the basilar artery. Blood supplies the arterial circle of the brain in three ways. First one is the basilar artery, which originates from the vertebral arteries. The second one is the internal carotid artery which joins a branch from the external ophthalmic artery. The third is the internal ophthalmic artery, which branches from the external ophthalmic artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Zdun
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, Poznań, 60-625, Poland.
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, Toruń, 87-100, Poland.
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Histology and Pathomorphology, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony Str.15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine.
| | - Oleg P Melnyk
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Histology and Pathomorphology, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony Str.15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii O Melnyk
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Histology and Pathomorphology, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony Str.15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Maria Nabzdyk
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, Poznań, 60-625, Poland
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Zdun M, Ruszkowski JJ, Gogulski M. Cerebral Vascularization and the Remaining Area Supply of the Internal Carotid Artery Derivatives of the Red Kangaroo ( Osphranter rufus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2744. [PMID: 37685008 PMCID: PMC10486574 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus) is a member of Macropidideae superfamily. It is one of the four kangaroo species living nowadays, and it is the biggest one. It is native to Australia, where it is an abundant species living across the whole continent in stable populations. Outside its natural habit, the red kangaroo is a common species found in zoos and as patients in wildlife rehabilitation centers. Reports on kangaroo anatomy are scarce. Describing detailed anatomy is a base for establishing diagnostic and treatment protocols for different species of animals. Cardiovascular diseases and pathological changes suggestive of hypertension have been previously described in kangaroos. This creates a necessity for detailed studies on species' vascular anatomy. New reports in the field of detailed vascular anatomy can bring considerable information that complements numerous studies on the evolution or biology of individual species. In this article, we describe the arterial vascularization of the brain and nearby regions of the cranial cavity using various anatomical techniques. The vascularization of the brain is discussed and compared with different mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Zdun
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Jakub Jędrzej Ruszkowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland;
- University Centre for Veterinary Medicine, Szydłowska 43, 60-656 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Maciej Gogulski
- University Centre for Veterinary Medicine, Szydłowska 43, 60-656 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
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Zdun M, Ruszkowski JJ, Gogulski M, Józefiak A, Hetman M. Arterial Circle of the Brain of the Red-Necked Wallaby (Notamacropus rufogriseus). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202796. [PMID: 36290182 PMCID: PMC9597716 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The red-necked wallaby is a small, herbivorous mammal that is native to Australia. In the study, the anatomy of arterial vessels that transport blood to the brain in this species was described and compared with that of other groups of mammals. The results of this research can contribute to further physiological and pathophysiological studies. This is the first description of this anatomical area that has been carried out in a marsupial species. Abstract The red-necked wallaby is a medium-sized marsupial species, which have increasingly been kept as pets around the world. In the study, the arterial blood supply for the brain in this species was described. The study was conducted on 50 specimens with two preparation methods. The main artery supplying the brain was the internal carotid artery. The arterial circle of the brain was closed from the caudal side. The anatomy of the arteries of the described region was compared with other groups of mammals. This is the first description of this anatomical area that has been carried out in a marsupial species. Understanding the anatomy of the circulatory system in the wallaby can be valuable for further physiological and pathophysiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Zdun
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Jakub J. Ruszkowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-732-192-981
| | - Maciej Gogulski
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
- University Centre for Veterinary Medicine, Szydłowska 43, 60-656 Poznan, Poland
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Soltesovej 4-6, 040-01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Agata Józefiak
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz Hetman
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
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