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Laitman JT, Albertine KH, Smith HF. Expanding understanding of the autonomic nervous system with a dash of Flemish charm, Belgian beer, and unrelenting camaraderie: The Anatomical Record raises a glass to J-P Timmermans. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2217-2221. [PMID: 37475180 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Laitman
- Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kurt H Albertine
- Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Mediicne, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Heather F Smith
- Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Gendale, Arizona, USA
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Van Remoortel S, Lambeets L, Timmermans JP. Neuro-immune interactions and the role of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1131-1139. [PMID: 35694864 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the research field dealing with the role of a new family of Rhodopsin A-like G protein-coupled receptors, that is, the family of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) has expanded enormously. A plethora of recent studies have provided evidence that Mrgprs are key players in itch and pain, as well as in the initiation and modulation of inflammatory/allergic responses in the skin. Over the years, it has become clear that this role is not limited to the skin, but extends to other mucosal surfaces such as the respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In the GI tract, Mrgprs have emerged as novel interoceptive sensory pathways linked to health and disease, and are in close functional association with the gut's immune system. This review aims to provide an update of our current knowledge on the expression, distribution and function of members of this Mrgpr family in intrinsic and extrinsic neuro-immune pathways related to the GI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Van Remoortel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lana Lambeets
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Kadowaki M, Yamamoto T, Hayashi S. Neuro-immune crosstalk and food allergy: Focus on enteric neurons and mucosal mast cells. Allergol Int 2022; 71:278-287. [PMID: 35410807 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system and the immune system individually play important roles in regulating the processes necessary to maintain physiological homeostasis, respond to acute stress and protect against external threats. These two regulating systems for maintaining the living body had often been assumed to function independently. Allergies develop as a result of an overreaction of the immune system to substances that are relatively harmless to the body, such as food, pollen and dust mites. Therefore, it has been generally supposed that the development and pathogenesis of allergies can be explained through an immunological interpretation. Recently, however, neuro-immune crosstalk has attracted increasing attention. Consequently, it is becoming clear that there is close morphological proximity and physiological and pathophysiological interactions between neurons and immune cells in various peripheral tissues. Thus, researchers are now beginning to appreciate that neuro-immune interactions may play a role in tissue homeostasis and the pathophysiology of immune-mediated disease, but very little information is available on the molecular basis of these interactions. Mast cells are a part of the innate immune system implicated in allergic reactions and the regulation of host-pathogen interactions. Mast cells are ubiquitous in the body, and these cells are often found in close proximity to nerve fibers in various tissues, including the lamina propria of the intestine. Mast cells and neurons are thought to communicate bidirectionally to modulate neurophysiological effects and mast cell functions, which suggests that neuro-immune interactions may be involved in the pathology of allergic diseases.
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Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptors (Mrgprs) as Mediators of Gut Neuro-Immune Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1383:259-269. [PMID: 36587165 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05843-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, the research field on Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs), a relatively new family of rhodopsin A-like G protein-coupled receptors, has expanded enormously, and a plethora of recent studies have provided evidence that several of these Mrgpr family members play an important role in the underlying mechanisms of itch and pain, as well as in the initiation and modulation of inflammatory/allergic responses. Initial studies mainly focused on the skin, but more recently also visceral organs such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts emerged as sites for Mrgpr involvement. It has become clear that the gastrointestinal tract and its innervation in close association with the immune system represent a novel expression site for Mrgprs where they contribute to the interoceptive mechanisms maintaining homeostasis and might constitute promising targets in chronic abdominal pain disorders. In this short review, we provide an update of our current knowledge on the expression, distribution, and function of members of this Mrgpr family in intrinsic and extrinsic neuro-immune pathways related to the gastrointestinal tract, their mediatory role(s) in gut neuro-immune signaling, and their involvement in visceral afferent (nociceptive) pathways.
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Bohler M, Pauliukonis A, Gilbert ER, Cline MA. The anorexigenic effect of neuropeptide AF in Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica, is associated with activation of the melanocortin system. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 259:110982. [PMID: 34023535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide AF (NPAF) decreases food and water intake in birds and food intake in mammals. In this study, the objective was to determine the effects of centrally administered NPAF on food and water intake, hypothalamic c-Fos immunoreactivity and hypothalamic mRNA abundance of appetite-regulating factors in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Seven days post hatch, 6 h fasted quail were intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected with 0 (vehicle), 4, 8, or 16 nmol of NPAF and food and water intake were measured at 30 min intervals for 180 min. In Experiment 1, chicks which received 4, 8, and 16 nmol ICV NPAF had reduced food intake for 120, 60 and 180 min following injection, respectively, and reduced water intake during the entire 180 min observation. In Experiment 2, there was increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus in NPAF-injected quail. In Experiment 3, ICV NPAF was associated with decreased corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA, and an increase in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin and melanocortin receptor 4 mRNA. These results demonstrate that central NPAF suppresses food and water intake in quail, effects that are likely mediated via the melanocortin system in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bohler
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2160 Litton-Reaves Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Alex Pauliukonis
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2160 Litton-Reaves Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2160 Litton-Reaves Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mark A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2160 Litton-Reaves Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia 24061, United States.
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Inclan-Rico JM, Kim BS, Abdus-Saboor I. Beyond somatosensation: Mrgprs in mucosal tissues. Neurosci Lett 2021; 748:135689. [PMID: 33582191 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mas-related G coupled receptors (Mrgprs) are a superfamily of receptors expressed in sensory neurons that are known to transmit somatic sensations from the skin to the central nervous system. Interestingly, Mrgprs have recently been implicated in sensory and motor functions of mucosal-associated neuronal circuits. The gastrointestinal and pulmonary tracts are constantly exposed to noxious stimuli. Therefore, it is likely that neuronal Mrgpr signaling pathways in mucosal tissues, akin to their family members expressed in the skin, might relay messages that alert the host when mucosal tissues are affected by damaging signals. Further, Mrgprs have been proposed to mediate the cross-talk between sensory neurons and immune cells that promotes host-protective functions at barrier sites. Although the mechanisms by which Mrgprs are activated in mucosal tissues are not completely understood, these exciting studies implicate Mrgprs as potential therapeutic targets for conditions affecting the intestinal and airway mucosa. This review will highlight the central role of Mrgpr signaling pathways in the regulation of homeostasis at mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Inclan-Rico
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Ishmail Abdus-Saboor
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Kulkarni S, Kurapati S, Bogunovic M. Neuro-innate immune interactions in gut mucosal immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 68:64-71. [PMID: 33130386 PMCID: PMC11095515 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract performs a set of vital physiological functions related to food and water consumption. To help regulate these complex physiological processes, the GI tract is innervated by extensive neural networks. The GI tract also serves as the largest immune organ aimed to protect hosts from harmful microbes and toxins ingested with food. It emerges that the enteric nervous and immune systems are highly integrated to optimize digestion while reinforcing immune protection. In this review, we will discuss key cellular players involved in the neuro-immune interactions within the GI mucosa with the focus on the recently uncovered neural pathways that regulate mucosal immunity in a context relevant to GI health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Center for Neurogastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Sravya Kurapati
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States; Penn State Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Milena Bogunovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.
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Van Remoortel S, Ceuleers H, Arora R, Van Nassauw L, De Man JG, Buckinx R, De Winter BY, Timmermans JP. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor C11 (Mrgprc11) induces visceral hypersensitivity in the mouse colon: A novel target in gut nociception? Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13623. [PMID: 31119828 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral hypersensitivity, an important cause of abdominal pain in disorders such as IBD and IBS, presents with a poorly understood pathophysiology and limited treatment options. Several members of the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor family (Mrgprs) have become promising targets in pain research. The potential link between the murine Mrgpr C11 (Mrgprc11) and gut nociception is currently uninvestigated. Therefore, we explored the expression and functional role of Mrgprc11 in the gut nociceptive innervation. METHODS Mrgprc11 expression was evaluated in DRG neurons innervating the mouse colon using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Visceromotor responses to colorectal distension (CRD) assessed the effect of the Mrgprc11 agonist, BAM(8-22), on colonic pain sensitivity in healthy mice. Moreover, we determined pERK1/2-immunoreactivity in the thoracolumbar spinal cord after noxious CRD. Finally, from a translational point of view, we looked for expression of the human counterpart of Mrgprc11, MRGPRX1, in human thoracolumbar DRGs. KEY RESULTS In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed Mrgprc11 expression in colonic DRG neurons. Intracolonic administration of BAM(8-22) significantly increased colonic pain sensitivity in an Mrgprc11-dependent manner, and led to a significantly increased degree of neuronal activation in the splanchnic spinal cord upon noxious stimulation. Furthermore, MRGPRX1 expression was also detected in human thoracolumbar DRG neurons. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: Our findings established a novel function for Mrgprc11 in the gut nociceptive innervation and propose the receptor as a new player in visceral hypersensitivity. Given the presence of MRGPRX1 in human DRG neurons, our study warrants future research on its therapeutic potential in abdominal pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Van Remoortel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannah Ceuleers
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rohit Arora
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Nassauw
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Division ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roeland Buckinx
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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