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López-Romero FA, Stumpf S, Kamminga P, Böhmer C, Pradel A, Brazeau MD, Kriwet J. Shark mandible evolution reveals patterns of trophic and habitat-mediated diversification. Commun Biol 2023; 6:496. [PMID: 37156994 PMCID: PMC10167336 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental controls of species diversity represent a central research focus in evolutionary biology. In the marine realm, sharks are widely distributed, occupying mainly higher trophic levels and varied dietary preferences, mirrored by several morphological traits and behaviours. Recent comparative phylogenetic studies revealed that sharks present a fairly uneven diversification across habitats, from reefs to deep-water. We show preliminary evidence that morphological diversification (disparity) in the feeding system (mandibles) follows these patterns, and we tested hypotheses linking these patterns to morphological specialisation. We conducted a 3D geometric morphometric analysis and phylogenetic comparative methods on 145 specimens representing 90 extant shark species using computed tomography models. We explored how rates of morphological evolution in the jaw correlate with habitat, size, diet, trophic level, and taxonomic order. Our findings show a relationship between disparity and environment, with higher rates of morphological evolution in reef and deep-water habitats. Deep-water species display highly divergent morphologies compared to other sharks. Strikingly, evolutionary rates of jaw disparity are associated with diversification in deep water, but not in reefs. The environmental heterogeneity of the offshore water column exposes the importance of this parameter as a driver of diversification at least in the early part of clade history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faviel A López-Romero
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, Department of Palaeontology, Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sebastian Stumpf
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, Department of Palaeontology, Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pepijn Kamminga
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Böhmer
- MECADEV UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 55, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231, Paris, France
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften und GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333, München, Germany
- Zoologisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alan Pradel
- CR2P, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-Sorbonne Université-CNRS, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Martin D Brazeau
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, London, UK
- The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, Department of Palaeontology, Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
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Johanson Z, Manzanares E, Underwood C, Clark B, Fernandez V, Smith M. Evolution of the Dentition in Holocephalans (Chondrichthyes) Through Tissue Disparity. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:630-643. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The Holocephali is a major group of chondrichthyan fishes, the sister taxon to the sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii). However, the dentition of extant holocephalans is very different from that of the elasmobranchs, lacking individual tooth renewal, but comprising dental plates made entirely of self-renewing dentine. This renewal of all tissues occurs at the postero-lingual plate surface, as a function of their statodont condition. The fossil record of the holocephalans illuminates multiple different trends in the dentition, including shark-like teeth through to those with dentitions completely lacking individual teeth. Different taxa illustrate developmental retention of teeth but with fusion in their serial development. Dentine of different varieties comprises these teeth and composite dental plates, whose histology includes vascularized tubes within coronal dentine, merging with basal trabecular dentine. In this coronal vascularized dentine, extensive hypermineralization forms a wear resistant tissue transformed into a variety of morphologies. Through evolution, hypermineralized dentine becomes enclosed within the trabecular dentine, and specialized by reduction into specific zones within a composite dental plate, with these increasing in morphological disparity, all reflecting loss of defined teeth but retention of dentine production from the inherited developmental package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerina Johanson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Esther Manzanares
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de Valencia, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Charlie Underwood
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Brett Clark
- Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | | | - Moya Smith
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Tapanila L, Pruitt J. Redefining species concepts for the Pennsylvanian scissor tooth shark, Edestus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220958. [PMID: 31483800 PMCID: PMC6726245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reevaluates the tooth morphology used to define species within the genus Edestus (Chondrichthyes, Euchondrocephali). Known as the scissor tooth shark, Edestus produced a unique dentition of spiraled tooth families positioned in the symphysis (midline) of the upper and lower jaws. Morphometric analysis of more than 200 ejected teeth and intact spiral tooth whorls demonstrates that teeth from the upper and lower whorls differ in shape and ontogeny. Comparison of these data to the type specimens of 13 existing species reduces the number of morphologically distinct Edestus to just four species and refines the stratigraphic occurrence and expansion of the group. E. triserratus has a narrow bullet-shaped crown that points anteriorly and has roots of intermediate length. E. minor crowns have a wider triangular base, whereas the crowns of E. heinrichi form nearly equilateral triangles and are supported by an elongated root. E. vorax, which also has roughly equilateral triangular crowns, has short and deep roots, and is only known from very large specimens that are distinct from the growth series of E. heinrichi. Tooth and whorl morphologies among the species are consistent with cranial anatomy observed in a juvenile E. heinrichi and with transverse tooth-wear patterns to suggest Edestus used a forward to backward slicing motion to bite its prey. Extrapolating body size from tooth whorl length provides a conservative estimate that E. heinrichi could exceed 6.7 m in length. Edestus fossils are recovered from coastal marine to estuarine deposits spanning roughly six million years (313–307 Ma). Edestus first appears in England during the latest Bashkirian (313 Ma, Carboniferous), a few million years after its most closely resembling genus Lestrodus. Diversification and range expansion of Edestus coincides with the Moscovian transgression that flooded Laurentia and the Russian platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Tapanila
- Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, United States of America
- Earth Science Division, Idaho Museum of Natural History, Pocatello, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jesse Pruitt
- Idaho Virtualization Lab, Idaho Museum of Natural History, Pocatello, United States of America
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