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He Q, Zou T, Chen J, Jian L, He J, Xia Y, Xie F, Wang Z, You J. Maternal Methyl-Donor Micronutrient Supplementation During Pregnancy Promotes Skeletal Muscle Differentiation and Maturity in Newborn and Weaning Pigs. Front Nutr 2020; 7:609022. [PMID: 33330599 PMCID: PMC7734050 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.609022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate maternal methyl-donor micronutrient (MET) intake is an important determinant of the organ development and metabolic renovation of offspring. The mechanism involved in skeletal myogenesis and the effect of MET supplementation during pregnancy on the maternal body remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of methyl donor micronutrients (MET) on skeletal muscle development and metabolism in offspring using pig models. Forty-three Duroc × Erhualian gilts were assigned to two dietary groups during gestation: control diet (CON) and CON diet supplemented with MET (folic acid, methionine, choline, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12). The results showed that maternal MET exposure during pregnancy significantly increased the concentrations of protein, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) in colostrum and methyl metabolites, including S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH), 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), and betaine, in the maternal and offspring umbilical vein serum. A similar pattern was demonstrated in the body weight gain and myofiber diameters in offspring. In addition, maternal MET supplementation significantly increased the concentration of offspring serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), T3, and T4; upregulated the mRNA expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1r) and the phosphorylation level of protein kinases in offspring longissimus dorsi muscle; and upregulated the expression of myogenic genes and fast myosin heavy chain (fast MyHC) in offspring skeletal muscle. Supplementing sows with higher levels of MET during gestation may promote skeletal muscle differentiation and maturity and improve the skeletal muscle mass of the piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiande Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Jian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingying Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinming You
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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Santini L, Palandri C, Nediani C, Cerbai E, Coppini R. Modelling genetic diseases for drug development: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vrecl M, Cotman M, Uršič M, Čandek-Potokar M, Fazarinc G. Age-Dependent Expression of MyHC Isoforms and Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Wild and Domestic Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2018; 9:ani9010010. [PMID: 30597908 PMCID: PMC6357074 DOI: 10.3390/ani9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare age-dependent changes in the relative expression of genes encoding myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms and selected lipid metabolism-related genes in the longissimus dorsi muscle of wild pigs (WPs) and domestic pigs (DPs). Muscles sampled from postnatal day one as well as three-week-old and two-year-old animals were used in quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays, histological evaluations of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and intra-myofiber lipid (IMFL) assessment. Expression of the MyHC isoforms displayed the most extensive age- and breed-dependent changes within the first three postnatal weeks. The MyHCembry level decreased significantly faster in the WPs than in the DPs. The relative MyHC-I and -IIa expression was significantly higher in the WPs, and MyHC-IIb was substantially higher in the DPs. The differences in MyHC expression corroborated the number of SDH-positive myofibers and IMFLs. Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) genes displayed only age-related variations. In summary, the evidence is provided for accelerated postnatal myofiber transformation directed towards oxidative myofibers in WPs. The SDH activity/staining intensity largely reflected the expression of MyHCs, and not genes involved in lipid uptake and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Vrecl
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marko Cotman
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Matjaž Uršič
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Montag J, Petersen B, Flögel AK, Becker E, Lucas-Hahn A, Cost GJ, Mühlfeld C, Kraft T, Niemann H, Brenner B. Successful knock-in of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-mutation R723G into the MYH7 gene mimics HCM pathology in pigs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4786. [PMID: 29555974 PMCID: PMC5859159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease. About 30% of the patients are heterozygous for mutations in the MYH7 gene encoding the ß-myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Hallmarks of HCM are cardiomyocyte disarray and hypertrophy of the left ventricle, the symptoms range from slight arrhythmias to sudden cardiac death or heart failure. To gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of the diseases' etiology we aimed to generate genome edited pigs with an HCM-mutation. We used TALEN-mediated genome editing and successfully introduced the HCM-point mutation R723G into the MYH7 gene of porcine fibroblasts and subsequently cloned pigs that were heterozygous for the HCM-mutation R723G. No off-target effects were determined in the R723G-pigs. Surprisingly, the animals died within 24 h post partem, probably due to heart failure as indicated by a shift in the a/ß-MyHC ratio in the left ventricle. Most interestingly, the neonatal pigs displayed features of HCM, including mild myocyte disarray, malformed nuclei, and MYH7-overexpression. The finding of HCM-specific pathology in neonatal R723G-piglets suggests a very early onset of the disease and highlights the importance of novel large animal models for studying causative mechanisms and long-term progression of human cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Montag
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - B Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Hoeltystrasse 10, Mariensee, 31535, Neustadt, Germany.,REBIRTH, Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - A K Flögel
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Becker
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Lucas-Hahn
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Hoeltystrasse 10, Mariensee, 31535, Neustadt, Germany
| | - G J Cost
- Sangamo Therapeutics, 501 Canal Boulevard, CA, 94804, Richmond, USA.,Casebia Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - C Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Kraft
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - H Niemann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Hoeltystrasse 10, Mariensee, 31535, Neustadt, Germany.,REBIRTH, Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - B Brenner
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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Madsen JG, Seoni E, Kreuzer M, Silacci P, Bee G. Influence of l-carnitine and l-arginine on protein synthesis and maturation of the semitendinosus muscle of lightweight piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:440-451. [PMID: 28771840 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lightweight (LW) piglets from large litters display impaired growth performance compared with heavier littermates. This study investigated the growth performance and muscle development of early-weaned LW piglets (birthweight <1.2 kg) from large litters (17.3 ± 3.0 total born per litter), fed ad libitum a milk replacer supplemented with either l-carnitine (CAR) or l-arginine (ARG) from day 7 to day 28 of age. In total, 36 female and entire male Swiss Large White piglets, weaned on day 7 of age, were artificially reared in pairs in rescue decks. They were allocated to one of three dietary treatments: unsupplemented control (CON), 0.48 g l-carnitine·piglet-1 ·day-1 (CAR) or 1.20 g l-arginine·kg body weight-1 ·day-1 (ARG). Milk replacer was prepared daily in a 1:4 powder-to-water ratio and fed ad libitum. Piglets were weighed at birth and on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Feed intake was assessed daily. Piglets were euthanized on day 28. The entire semitendinosus muscle (STM) was collected, and organs were weighed. Subsequently, the STM was divided into the light (STMl ) and dark (STMd ) portion, and contractile and metabolic traits were analysed by ATP histochemistry, enzyme activities and gene expression. No differences in growth performance, organ and STM weight and on contractile traits were found between groups. A tendency (p < .10) for an elevated lipid oxidation enzyme activity in the STMl and STMd and greater (p < .05) phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in the STMl of CAR compared with CON piglets was found. Despite these metabolic responses, the lack of effect of CAR and ARG supplementation on growth performance suggests that providing the milk replacer ad libitum in combination with added CAR and ARG is insufficient for eliciting faster growth of LW piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Madsen
- Agroscope Posieux, Posieux, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Seoni
- Agroscope Posieux, Posieux, Switzerland
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Silacci
- Agroscope Posieux, Posieux, Switzerland
| | - G Bee
- Agroscope Posieux, Posieux, Switzerland
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Zou T, He D, Yu B, Yu J, Mao X, Zheng P, He J, Huang Z, Chen D. Moderate Maternal Energy Restriction During Gestation in Pigs Attenuates Fetal Skeletal Muscle Development Through Changing Myogenic Gene Expression and Myofiber Characteristics. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:156-167. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116651151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiande Zou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongting He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Yang H, Xu XL, Ma HM, Jiang J. Integrative analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics of skeletal muscles of the Chinese indigenous Shaziling pig compared with the Yorkshire breed. BMC Genet 2016; 17:80. [PMID: 27296698 PMCID: PMC4906580 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Shaziling pig (Sus scrofa) is a well-known indigenous breed in China. One of its main advantages over European breeds is its high meat quality. However, little genetic information is available for the Shaziling pig. To screen for differentially expressed genes and proteins that might be responsible for the meat quality, the longissimus dorsi muscles from Shaziling and Yorkshire pig breeds were investigated using an integrative analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics, involving high-throughput sequencing, the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Results Sequencing produced 79,320 unigenes by de novo assembly, and 488 differentially expressed genes in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Shaziling pig compared with the Yorkshire breed were identified. Gene Ontology term enrichment of biological functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the gene products were mainly involved in metabolism, protein binding, and regulation of skeletal muscle development. At the protein level, 23 differentially expressed proteins were identified, which were potentially associated with fatty acid metabolism, the glycolytic pathway, and skeletal muscle growth. Eight differentially expressed genes were confirmed by real-time PCR. These results give an insight into the mechanisms underlying the formation of skeletal muscle in the Shaziling pig. Conclusions Certain differentially expressed genes and proteins are involved in fatty acid metabolism, intramuscular fat deposition, and skeletal muscle growth in the Shaziling pig. These results provide candidate genes for improving meat quality and will promote further transcriptomic research in Shaziling pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0389-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Science and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Li Xu
- College of Life Science and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
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Moderately increased maternal dietary energy intake delays foetal skeletal muscle differentiation and maturity in pigs. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1777-87. [PMID: 26179476 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of moderately increased maternal dietary energy intake during gestation on foetal skeletal muscle development and metabolism with pig as a model. METHODS Twelve primiparous purebred Large White sows (initial body weight 135.5 ± 1.6 kg) were allocated to one of two energy intake treatments: normal-energy-intake group (Con, 30.96 MJ DE/day) as recommended by the National Research Council (NRC; 2012) and high-energy-intake group (HE, 34.15 MJ DE/day). The nutritional treatments were introduced from mating to day 90 of gestation. On day 90 of gestation, foetuses were examined by morphological, biochemical and molecular analysis of the longissimus muscle. Umbilical vein serum hormones were measured. RESULTS Sow body weight was increased in HE group compared with Con group (P < 0.05), whereas foetal myofibre density was decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, protein concentration, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and umbilical vein serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration were decreased in HE foetuses (P < 0.05). Maternal HE diets decreased the mRNA abundance of muscle growth-related genes, myosin heavy-chain (MYH/MyHC) genes (MYH2 and MYH1) and insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin growth factor-binding protein 5 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the protein expressions of myogenic differentiation factor 1, myogenin and fast-MyHC isoforms were reduced in HE foetuses (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that moderately increased maternal dietary energy intake delays the differentiation and maturation in skeletal muscle of the foetus on day 90 of gestation.
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Kalbe C, Bérard J, Porm M, Rehfeldt C, Bee G. Maternal l-arginine supplementation during early gestation affects foetal skeletal myogenesis in pigs. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Zhu H, Park S, Scheffler JM, Kuang S, Grant AL, Gerrard DE. Porcine satellite cells are restricted to a phenotype resembling their muscle origin. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4684-91. [PMID: 23893979 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscles in most domestic animals differ in function and growth potential based largely on muscle fiber type composition. Though much is known about satellite cells (SC), information is limited regarding how populations of SC differ with muscle fiber type, especially in pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to isolate and culture SC from red (RST) and white (WST) portions of the semitendinosus muscle of neonatal and adult pigs and determine their capacity to proliferate, differentiate, and express various myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms in vitro. Porcine satellite cells were isolated from RST and WST muscles of 6-wk-old and adult (>6-mo-old) pigs and cultured under standard conditions. Muscle from neonatal pigs yielded nearly 10 times more (P < 0.001) presumptive satellite cells as those from adult pigs, with fusion percentages close to 60% for the former. The RST yielded more (P < 0.001) SC per gram muscle compared to WST, 8.1 ± 0.2 × 10(4) cells versus 6.7 ± 0.1 × 10(4) cells/gram muscle in young pigs, and 9.7 ± 0.4 × 10(3) cells versus 5.5 ± 0.4 × 10(3) cells/gram muscle in adult pigs, respectively. Likewise, satellite cells from RST proliferated faster (P < 0.001) than those from WST across both ages, as indicated by a shorter cell doubling time, 18.6 ± 0.8 h versus 21.3 ± 0.9 h in young pigs, and 23.2 ± 0.7 h versus 26.7 ± 0.9 h in adult pigs, respectively. As a result of shorter times to confluence, satellite cells from RST also formed myotubes earlier than those SC originating from WST. Once induced, however, SC from WST differentiated and fused faster (P < 0.05) as evidenced by fusion percentage within the first 24 h, 41.6% versus 34.3%, respectively; but reached similar ultimate fusion percentages similar to WST by 48 h. Over 90% of MyHC expressed in maximally fused SC cultures from both RST and WST was restricted to the embryonic isoform. Type IIX MyHC mRNA was not detected in any culture. Myotube cultures from RST expressed more (P < 0.01) Type I MyHC isoform mRNA than those from WST, whereas those cultures from WST expressed more (P < 0.05) Type II (including Types IIA and IIB) MyHC transcripts. These data show SC cultures from porcine fast and slow muscles express MyHC profiles largely reflective of their muscle of origin and suggest satellite cells are partially restricted to a particular muscle phenotype in which they are juxtapositioned. Understanding the molecular nature of these intrinsic control mechanisms may lead to improved strategies for augmenting meat animal growth or muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24060
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11
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Key signalling factors and pathways in the molecular determination of skeletal muscle phenotype. Animal 2012; 1:681-98. [PMID: 22444469 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107702070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis and control of the biochemical and biophysical properties of skeletal muscle, regarded as muscle phenotype, are examined in terms of fibre number, fibre size and fibre types. A host of external factors or stimuli, such as ligand binding and contractile activity, are transduced in muscle into signalling pathways that lead to protein modifications and changes in gene expression which ultimately result in the establishment of the specified phenotype. In skeletal muscle, the key signalling cascades include the Ras-extracellular signal regulated kinase-mitogen activated protein kinase (Erk-MAPK), the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)-Akt1, p38 MAPK, and calcineurin pathways. The molecular effects of external factors on these pathways revealed complex interactions and functional overlap. A major challenge in the manipulation of muscle of farm animals lies in the identification of regulatory and target genes that could effect defined and desirable changes in muscle quality and quantity. To this end, recent advances in functional genomics that involve the use of micro-array technology and proteomics are increasingly breaking new ground in furthering our understanding of the molecular determinants of muscle phenotype.
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12
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Xu Y, Qian H, Feng X, Xiong Y, Lei M, Ren Z, Zuo B, Xu D, Ma Y, Yuan H. Differential proteome and transcriptome analysis of porcine skeletal muscle during development. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2093-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Potential sources of early-postnatal increase in myofibre number in pig skeletal muscle. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 136:217-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Lösel D, Kalbe C, Rehfeldt C. L-Carnitine supplementation during suckling intensifies the early postnatal skeletal myofiber formation in piglets of low birth weight1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:2216-26. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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15
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Ooi PT, da Costa N, Edgar J, Chang KC. Porcine congenital splayleg is characterised by muscle fibre atrophy associated with relative rise in MAFbx and fall in P311 expression. BMC Vet Res 2006; 2:23. [PMID: 16869957 PMCID: PMC1550227 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-2-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine congenital splayleg (PCS) is the most important congenital condition of piglets, associated with lameness and immobility, of unknown aetiology and pathogenesis, hence the need to better understand the condition by defining, in the first instance, its histopathology and molecular pathology. RESULTS Semitendinosus, longissimus dorsi, and gastrocnemius muscles were removed from 4 sets of 2-day-old splayleg piglets, each with a corresponding normal litter mate. Based on immunohistochemistry and histological image analysis, PCS piglets showed significantly smaller fibre size without any accompanying sign of inflammation. Although there was no dramatic change in fibre type composition in affected muscles, several structural myosin heavy chain genes were significantly down-regulated. MAFbx, a major atrophy marker, was highly up-regulated in nearly all PCS muscles, in comparison with controls from normal litter mates. In contrast, P311, a novel 8 kDa protein, was relatively down-regulated in all the PCS muscles. To investigate a functional role of P311 in skeletal muscle, its full-length cDNA was over-expressed in murine C2C12 muscle cells, which resulted in enhanced cell proliferation with reduced myotube formation. Hence, reduced P311 expression in PCS piglets might contribute to atrophy through reduced muscle cell proliferation. P311, predictably, was down-regulated by the over-expression of calcineurin, a key signalling factor of muscle differentiation. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that PCS is a condition characterised by extensive fibre atrophy and raised fibre density, and propose that the combined differential expression of MAFbx and P311 is of potential in the diagnosis of subclinical PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peck-Toung Ooi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Division of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nuno da Costa
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Division of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julia Edgar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Division of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kin-Chow Chang
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Division of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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