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Houben E, Hellings N, Broux B. Oncostatin M, an Underestimated Player in the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1165. [PMID: 31191538 PMCID: PMC6549448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the central nervous system (CNS) was believed to be an immune privileged organ. In the last decades, it became apparent that the immune system interacts with the CNS not only in pathological, but also in homeostatic situations. It is now clear that immune cells infiltrate the healthy CNS as part of immune surveillance and that immune cells communicate through cytokines with CNS resident cells. In pathological conditions, an enhanced infiltration of immune cells takes place to fight the pathogen. A well-known family of cytokines is the interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine family. All members are important in cell communication and cell signaling in the immune system. One of these members is oncostatin M (OSM), for which the receptor is expressed on several cells of the CNS. However, the biological function of OSM in the CNS is not studied in detail. Here, we briefly describe the general aspects related to OSM biology, including signaling and receptor binding. Thereafter, the current understanding of OSM during CNS homeostasis and pathology is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Houben
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Martins KR, Haas CS, Ferst JG, Rovani MT, Goetten AL, Duggavathi R, Bordignon V, Portela VV, Ferreira R, Gonçalves PB, Gasperin BG, Lucia T. Oncostatin M and its receptors mRNA regulation in bovine granulosa and luteal cells. Theriogenology 2019; 125:324-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Xia X, Li Y, Huang D, Wang Z, Luo L, Song Y, Zhao L, Wen R. Oncostatin M protects rod and cone photoreceptors and promotes regeneration of cone outer segment in a rat model of retinal degeneration. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18282. [PMID: 21479182 PMCID: PMC3068173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of photoreceptor degenerative disorders that lead to loss of vision. Typically, rod photoreceptors degenerate first, resulting in loss of night and peripheral vision. Secondary cone degeneration eventually affects central vision, leading to total blindness. Previous studies have shown that photoreceptors could be protected from degeneration by exogenous neurotrophic factors, including ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines. Using a transgenic rat model of retinal degeneration (the S334-ter rat), we investigated the effects of Oncostatin M (OSM), another member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, on photoreceptor protection. We found that exogenous OSM protects both rod and cone photoreceptors. In addition, OSM promotes regeneration of cone outer segments in early stages of cone degeneration. Further investigation showed that OSM treatment induces STAT3 phosphorylation in Müller cells but not in photoreceptors, suggesting that OSM not directly acts on photoreceptors and that the protective effects of OSM on photoreceptors are mediated by Müller cells. These findings support the therapeutic strategy using members of IL-6 family of cytokines for retinal degenerative disorders. They also provide evidence that activation of the STAT3 pathway in Müller cells promotes photoreceptor survival. Our work highlights the importance of Müller cell-photoreceptor interaction in the retina, which may serve as a model of glia-neuron interaction in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xia
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Deqiang Huang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zhengying Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lian Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rong Wen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Teerds KJ, van Dissel-Emiliani FMF, De Miguel MP, de Boer-Brouwer M, Körting LM, Rijntjes E. Oncostatin-M inhibits luteinizing hormone stimulated Leydig cell progenitor formation in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2007; 5:43. [PMID: 17996055 PMCID: PMC2174940 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-5-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial steps of stem Leydig cell differentiation into steroid producing progenitor cells are thought to take place independent of luteinizing hormone (LH), under the influence of locally produced factors such as leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), platelet derived growth factor A and stem cell factor. For the formation of a normal sized Leydig cell population in the adult testis, the presence of LH appears to be essential. Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional cytokine and member of the interleukin (IL)-6 family that also includes other cytokines such as LIF. In the rat OSM is highly expressed in the late fetal and neonatal testis, and may thus be a candidate factor involved in Leydig cell progenitor formation. METHODS Interstitial cells were isolated from 13-day-old rat testes and cultured for 1, 3 or 8 days in the presence of different doses of OSM (range: 0.01 to 10 ng/ml) alone or in combination with LH (1 ng/ml). The effects of OSM and LH on cell proliferation were determined by incubating the cultures with [3H]thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Developing progenitor cells were identified histochemically by the presence of the marker enzyme 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD). RESULTS OSM, when added at a dose of 10 ng/ml, caused a nearly 2-fold increase in the percentage of Leydig cell progenitors after 8 days of culture. Immunohistochemical double labelling experiments with 3beta-HSD and BrdU antibodies showed that this increase was the result of differentiation of stem Leydig cells/precursor cells and not caused by proliferation of progenitor cells themselves. The addition of LH to the cultures consistently resulted in an increase in progenitor formation throughout the culture period. Surprisingly, when OSM and LH were added together, the LH induced rise in progenitor cells was significantly inhibited after 3 and 8 days of culture. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that locally produced OSM may not only play a role in the regulation of Sertoli cell proliferation and the initiation of spermatogenesis but may also play a role in the regulation of Leydig cell progenitor formation by keeping the augmenting effects of LH on this process in abeyance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja J Teerds
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Animal Sciences, Human and Animal Physiology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Maria P De Miguel
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mieke de Boer-Brouwer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lina M Körting
- Department of Animal Sciences, Human and Animal Physiology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Human and Animal Physiology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Pollack V, Sarközi R, Banki Z, Feifel E, Wehn S, Gstraunthaler G, Stoiber H, Mayer G, Montesano R, Strutz F, Schramek H. Oncostatin M-induced effects on EMT in human proximal tubular cells: differential role of ERK signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F1714-26. [PMID: 17881458 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00130.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that a proportion of interstitial myofibroblasts detected during renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis originates from tubular epithelial cells by a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The IL-6-type cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) has been recently implicated in the induction of EMT. We investigated OSM effects on the expression of both cell-cell contact proteins and mesenchymal markers and studied OSM-induced intracellular signaling mechanisms associated with these events in human proximal tubular cells. Human recombinant OSM attenuated the expression of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and claudin-2 in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells associated with the induction of HK-2 cell scattering in 3D collagen matrices. Conversely, expression of collagen type I, vimentin, and S100A4 was induced by OSM. OSM-stimulated cell scattering was inhibited by antibodies against gp130. Besides inducing phosphorylation of Stat1 and Stat3, OSM led to a strong concentration- and time-dependent phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1, ERK2, and ERK5. MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (10 muM) blocked basal and OSM-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation but not phosphorylation of either ERK5 or Stat1/3. Both synthetic MEK1/2 inhibitors U0126 and Cl-1040, when used at concentrations which inhibit ERK1/2 phosphorylation but not ERK5 phosphorylation, restored N-cadherin expression in the presence of OSM, inhibited basal claudin-2 expression, but did not affect either basal or OSM-inhibited E-cadherin expression or OSM-induced expression of collagen type I and vimentin. These results suggest that in human proximal tubular cells ERK1/2 signaling represents an important component of OSM's inhibitory effect on N-cadherin expression. Furthermore, functional ERK1/2 signaling is necessary for basal claudin-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pollack
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Santoni-Rugiu E, Jelnes P, Thorgeirsson SS, Bisgaard HC. Progenitor cells in liver regeneration: molecular responses controlling their activation and expansion. APMIS 2006; 113:876-902. [PMID: 16480456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although normally quiescent, the adult mammalian liver possesses a great capacity to regenerate after different types of injuries in order to restore the lost liver mass and ensure maintenance of the multiple liver functions. Major players in the regeneration process are mature residual cells, including hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and stromal cells. However, if the regenerative capacity of mature cells is impaired by liver-damaging agents, hepatic progenitor cells are activated and expand into the liver parenchyma. Upon transit amplification, the progenitor cells may generate new hepatocytes and biliary cells to restore liver homeostasis. In recent years, hepatic progenitor cells have been the subject of increasing interest due to their therapeutic potential in numerous liver diseases as alternative or supportive/complementary tools to liver transplantation. While the first investigations on hepatic progenitor cells have focused on their origin and phenotypic characterization, recent attention has focused on the influence of the hepatic microenvironment on their activation and proliferation. This microenvironment comprises the extracellular matrix, epithelial and non-epithelial resident liver cells, and recruited inflammatory cells as well as the variety of growth-modulating molecules produced and/or harboured by these elements. The cellular and molecular responses to different regenerative stimuli seem to depend on the injury inflicted and consequently on the molecular microenvironment created in the liver by a certain insult. This review will focus on molecular responses controlling activation and expansion of the hepatic progenitor cell niche, emphasizing similarities and differences in the microenvironments orchestrating regeneration by recruitment of progenitor cell populations or by replication of mature cells.
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Znoyko I, Sohara N, Spicer SS, Trojanowska M, Reuben A. Expression of oncostatin M and its receptors in normal and cirrhotic human liver. J Hepatol 2005; 43:893-900. [PMID: 16169119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Revised: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In the cirrhotic liver, gene expression of the multifunctional cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) is up-regulated, but its cellular origin is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the expression of OSM protein and its specific receptor subunits, OSMRbeta and LIFRbeta in normal and cirrhotic human liver using immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis. RESULTS OSM protein was expressed in Kupffer cells, variably in normal liver but consistently in cirrhosis. OSMRbeta was expressed at low level in hepatocytes of all normal livers examined, but in no cirrhotic sample. In contrast, LIFRbeta receptor was expressed weakly in normal livers, but much more intensely in cirrhosis, in reactive ductules, bile duct epithelial cells and perisinusoidal areas. Double immunostaining showed co-localization of LIFRbeta with cytokeratin 7, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), in bile duct epithelial cells, but not with alpha-smooth muscle actin, a myofibroblast marker. CONCLUSIONS In human liver, OSM protein is expressed in Kupffer cells, variably in normals but universally in cirrhosis. The differential expression pattern of OSM and its receptors could allow for differential OSM signaling by alternative utilization of receptors to promote hepatocyte proliferation in acute injury and, with its homologue LIF, for the bile ductular reaction in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iya Znoyko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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