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Vespasiano V, Mulder CS, Klop C, Koolstra JH, Nolte JW, Lobé NHJ, Beenen LFM, Becking AG. Mineralization and thickness of the condylar cortex in skeletal remains of children's mandibles: A preliminary study. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 157:105850. [PMID: 38007946 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), the thickness of the condylar cortex (Tcortex) and the hemimandibular volumes (Vhemimandible) of symmetrical and asymmetrical mandibles of children. DESIGN The data collection consisted of 92 archeological skeletal remains of children's mandibles between 1 and 12 years old. The mandibles were digitalized with a computed tomography (CT) scan, and three dimensional models were obtained. Vhemimandible was calculated using the optimal symmetry plane. The volumes were used to calculate the asymmetry index (AI). Mandibles with an AI of ≥ 3% (N = 9) and a sample of the most symmetrical mandibles (N = 9) were selected for this research. Three groups were created: a symmetrical, an asymmetrical and a pooled group. Micro-CT was used to measure the vBMD and Tcortex in four volumes of interest. The AI was calculated for these parameters as well. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between the vBMD and the Tcortex in the pooled group (P < .01) and between the AI of the vBMD and the AI of the Tcortex in the pooled (P < .01) and symmetrical group (P < .05). No significant correlations were found between the vBMD and the Vhemimandible and between the respective AIs. Between the Tcortex and the Vhemimandible a significant correlation was found in the pooled and asymmetrical group. CONCLUSION There is a relationship between the vBMD and the Tcortex. The correlations between the Tcortex and the Vhemimandible are insufficient to draw firm conclusions. A relationship between the vBMD and Vhemimandible was not confirmed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vespasiano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC) and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - C S Mulder
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC) and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Klop
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC) and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J H Koolstra
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J W Nolte
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC) and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N H J Lobé
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L F M Beenen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A G Becking
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC) and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Walters M, Crew M, Fyfe G. Bone Surface Micro‐Topography at Craniofacial Entheses: Insights on Osteogenic Adaptation at Muscle Insertions. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:2140-2155. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Walters
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia Crawley Perth Western Australia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryPerth Children's Hospital Nedlands Perth Western Australia
| | - Michael Crew
- Health Department of Western Australia and Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin University Western Australia
| | - Georgina Fyfe
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin University Perth Western Australia
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Bone-borne accelerated sutural expansion: A microcomputed tomography study in rabbits. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 154:260-269. [PMID: 30075928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we evaluated the effect of bone-borne accelerated expansion protocols on sutural separation and sutural bone modeling using a microcomputed tomography system. We also determined the optimum instant sutural expansion possible without disruption of bone modeling. METHODS Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits, 20 to 24 weeks old, were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups. Modified hyrax expanders were placed across their interfrontal sutures and secured with miniscrew implants located bilaterally in the frontal bone. The hyrax appliances were activated as follows: group 1 (control), 0.5-mm per day expansion for 12 days; group 2, 1-mm instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm per day for 10 days; group 3, 2.5-mm instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm per day for 7 days, and group 4, 4-mm instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm per day for 4 days. After 6 weeks of retention, sutural separation and sutural bone modeling were assessed by microcomputed tomography and quantified. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and the Spearman rho correlation (P <0.05). RESULTS Median amounts of sutural separation ranged from 2.84 to 4.41 mm for groups 1 and 4, respectively. Median bone volume fraction ranged from 59.96% to 69.15% for groups 4 and 3, respectively. A significant correlation (r = 0.970; P <0.01) was observed between the amounts of instant expansion and sutural separation. CONCLUSIONS Pending histologic verifications, our findings suggest that the protocol involving 2.5 mm of instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm per day for 7 days is optimal for accelerated sutural expansion. When 4 mm of instant expansion was used, the sutural bone volume fraction was decreased.
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Watson PJ, Fitton LC, Meloro C, Fagan MJ, Gröning F. Mechanical adaptation of trabecular bone morphology in the mammalian mandible. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7277. [PMID: 29740057 PMCID: PMC5940912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone, together with the underlying trabecular bone, fulfils an important role in providing structural support against masticatory forces. Diseases such as osteoporosis or periodontitis cause alveolar bone resorption which weakens this structural support and is a major cause of tooth loss. However, the functional relationship between alveolar bone remodelling within the molar region and masticatory forces is not well understood. This study investigated this relationship by comparing mammalian species with different diets and functional loading (Felis catus, Cercocebus atys, Homo sapiens, Sus scrofa, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Ovis aries). We performed histomorphometric analyses of trabecular bone morphology (bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and trabecular spacing) and quantified the variation of bone and tooth root volumes along the tooth row. A principal component analysis and non-parametric MANOVA showed statistically significant differences in trabecular bone morphology between species with contrasting functional loading, but these differences were not seen in sub-adult specimens. Our results support a strong, but complex link between masticatory function and trabecular bone morphology. Further understanding of a potential functional relationship could aid the diagnosis and treatment of mandibular diseases causing alveolar bone resorption, and guide the design and evaluation of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Watson
- Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Laura C Fitton
- Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Department of Archaeology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carlo Meloro
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Michael J Fagan
- Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Flora Gröning
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Medicine Research Programme, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Janovic A, Milovanovic P, Saveljic I, Nikolic D, Hahn M, Rakocevic Z, Filipovic N, Amling M, Busse B, Djuric M. Microstructural properties of the mid-facial bones in relation to the distribution of occlusal loading. Bone 2014; 68:108-14. [PMID: 25093265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the concept of the occlusal load transfer through the facial skeleton along the buttresses has been extensively studied, there has been no study to link microarchitecture of the mid-facial bones to the occlusal load distribution. The aim of this study was to analyze micro-structural properties of the mid-facial bones in relation to occlusal stress. The study was performed by combining the three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA) and micro-computed tomography analysis (micro-CT). Clenching was simulated on the computer model of the adult male human skull which was also used as a source of bone specimens. After the FEA was run, stress was measured at the specific sites in cortical shell and trabecular bone of the model along and between the buttresses. From the corresponding sites on the skull, twenty-five cortical and thirteen cancellous bone specimens were harvested. The specimens were classified into high stress or low stress group based on the stress levels measured via the FEA. Micro-architecture of each specimen was assessed by micro-CT. In the high stress group, cortical bone showed a tendency toward greater thickness and density, lower porosity, and greater pore separation. Stress-related differences in microstructure between the groups were more pronounced in trabecular bone, which showed significantly greater bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) in the high stress group. Our results suggest that the mid-facial bones in the adult dentate male skull exhibit regional variations in cortical and trabecular bone micro-architecture that could be a consequence of different occlusal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksa Janovic
- Department of Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, 6 Rankeova, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 4/2 Dr Subotica, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 4/2 Dr Subotica, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Saveljic
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC), Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 6 Prvoslava Stojanovica, 34 000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dalibor Nikolic
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC), Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 6 Prvoslava Stojanovica, 34 000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Michael Hahn
- Department of Osteology & Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 59 Lottestr., D-22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zoran Rakocevic
- Department of Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, 6 Rankeova, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Filipovic
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC), Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 6 Prvoslava Stojanovica, 34 000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology & Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 59 Lottestr., D-22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern Busse
- Department of Osteology & Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 59 Lottestr., D-22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marija Djuric
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 4/2 Dr Subotica, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Hutchinson EF, Kieser JA, Kramer B. Morphometric growth relationships of the immature human mandible and tongue. Eur J Oral Sci 2014; 122:181-9. [PMID: 24712417 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The masticatory apparatus is a highly adaptive musculoskeletal complex comprising several relatively independent structural components, which assist in functions including feeding and breathing. We hypothesized that the tongue is elemental in the maintenance of normal ontogeny of the mandible and in its post-natal growth and development, and tested this using a morphometric approach. We assessed tongue and mandibular measurements in 174 (97 male) human cadavers. Landmark lingual and mandibular data were gathered individuals aged between 20 gestational weeks and 3 yr postnatal. In this analysis, geometric morphometrics assisted in visualizing the morphometrical growth changes in the mandible and tongue. A linear correlation in conjunction with principal component analysis further visualized the growth relationship between these structures. We found that the growth of the tongue and mandible were intrinsically linked in size and shape between 20 gestational weeks and 24 months postnatal. However, the mandible continued to change in shape and size into the 3rd yr of life, whereas the tongue only increased in size over this same period of time. These findings provide valuable insights into the allometric growth relationship between these structures, potentially assisting the clinician in predicting the behaviour of these structures in the assessment of malocclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin F Hutchinson
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Alves-Pereira D, Figueiredo R, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Laskin DM, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Sharp mandibular bone irregularities after lower third molar extraction: incidence, clinical features and risk factors. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18:e455-60. [PMID: 23524429 PMCID: PMC3668873 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical symptoms associated with sharp mandibular bone irregularities (SMBI) after lower third molar extraction and to identify possible risk factors for this complication.
Study Design: A mixed study design was used. A retrospective cohort study of 1432 lower third molar extractions was done to determine the incidence of SMBI and a retrospective case-control study was done to determine potential demographic and etiologic factors by comparing those patients with postoperative SMBI with controls.
Results: Twelve SMBI were found (0.84%). Age was the most important risk factor for this complication. The operated side and the presence of an associated radiolucent image were also significantly related to the development of mandibular bone irregularities. The depth of impaction of the tooth might also be an important factor since erupted or nearly erupted third molars were more frequent in the SMBI group.
Conclusions: SMBI are a rare postoperative complication after lower third molar removal. Older patients having left side lower third molars removed are more likely to develop this problem. The treatment should be the removal of the irregularity when the patient is symptomatic.
Key words:Third molar, postoperative complication, bone irregularities, age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Alves-Pereira
- Master degree in Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Dentistry of University of Barcelona, Spain
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Zapata U, Halvachs EK, Dechow PC, Elsalanty ME, Opperman LA. Architecture and microstructure of cortical bone in reconstructed canine mandibles after bone transport distraction osteogenesis. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 89:379-88. [PMID: 21927873 PMCID: PMC3207503 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of the canine mandible using bone transport distraction osteogenesis has been shown to be a suitable method for correcting segmental bone defects produced by cancer, gunshots, and trauma. Although the mechanical quality of the new regenerate cortical bone seems to be related to the mineralization process, several questions regarding the microstructural patterns of the new bony tissue remain unanswered. The purpose of this study was to quantify any microstructural differences that may exist between the regenerate and control cortical bone. Five adult American foxhound dogs underwent unilateral bone transport distraction of the mandible to repair bone defects of 30-35 mm. Animals were killed 12 weeks after the beginning of the consolidation period. Fourteen cylindrical cortical samples were extracted from the superior, medial, and inferior aspects of the lingual and buccal plates of the reconstructed aspect of the mandible, and 21 specimens were collected similarly from the contralateral aspect of the mandible. Specimens were evaluated using histomorphometric and micro-computed tomographic techniques to compare their microstructure. Except for differences in haversian canal area, histomorphometric analyses suggested no statistical differences in microstructure between regenerate and control cortical bone. Morphological evaluation suggested a consistent level of anisotropy, possibly related to the distraction vector. After 12 weeks' consolidation, bone created during bone transport distraction osteogenesis was comparable to native bone in microstructure, architecture, and mechanical properties. It is proposed that, after enough time, the properties of the regenerate bone will be identical to that of native bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Zapata
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University, School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia
- Eafit University, Mechanical Engineering Department, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Emily K. Halvachs
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas
| | - Paul C. Dechow
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Lynne A. Opperman
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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Tonar Z, Khadang I, Fiala P, Nedorost L, Kochová P. Quantification of compact bone microporosities in the basal and alveolar portions of the human mandible using osteocyte lacunar density and area fraction of vascular canals. Ann Anat 2011; 193:211-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McNiven AL, Umoh J, Kron T, Holdsworth DW, Battista JJ. Ionization chamber volume determination and quality assurance using micro-CT imaging. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:5029-43. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/18/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mulder L, Koolstra JH, den Toonder JMJ, van Eijden TMGJ. Relationship between tissue stiffness and degree of mineralization of developing trabecular bone. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:508-15. [PMID: 17618500 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown how the degree of mineralization of bone in individual trabecular elements is related to the corresponding mechanical properties at the bone tissue level. Understanding this relationship is important for the comprehension of the mechanical behavior of bone at both the apparent and tissue level. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to determine the tissue stiffness and degree of mineralization of the trabecular bone tissue and to establish a relationship between these two variables. A second goal was to assess the change in this relation during development. Mandibular condylar specimens of four fetal and four newborn pigs were used. The tissue stiffness was measured using nanoindentation. A pair of indents was made in the cores of 15 trabecular elements per specimen. Subsequently, the degree of mineralization of these locations was determined from microcomputed tomography. The mean tissue stiffness was 11.2 GPa (+/-0.5 GPa) in the fetal group and 12.0 GPa (+/-0.8 GPa) in the newborn group, which was not significantly different. The degree of mineralization of the fetal trabecular cores was 744 mg/cm3 (+/-28 mg/cm3). The one in the newborn bone measured 719 mg/cm(3) (+/-34 mg/cm3). Again, the difference was statistically insignificant. A significant relationship between tissue stiffness and degree of mineralization was obtained for fetal (R = 0.42, p < 0.001) and newborn (R = 0.72, p < 0.001) groups. It was concluded that woven bone tissue in fetal and newborn trabecular cores resembles adult trabecular bone in terms of tissue properties and is strongly correlated with degree of mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Mulder
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Mulder L, Koolstra JH, den Toonder JMJ, van Eijden TMGJ. Intratrabecular distribution of tissue stiffness and mineralization in developing trabecular bone. Bone 2007; 41:256-65. [PMID: 17567548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.04.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between bone tissue stiffness and degree of mineralization distribution and to examine possible changes during prenatal development. Understanding this may provide insight into adaptation processes and into deformation mechanisms of the bone microstructure. Mandibular condyles from four fetal and newborn pigs were used. Tissue stiffness was measured using nanoindentation, the degree of mineralization with microCT. Eight indents were made over the trabecular width of 15 trabeculae in each specimen, leading to a total of 960 indents. Subsequently, the degree of mineralization of these locations was determined. Intratrabecular variations in bone tissue stiffness and degree of mineralization showed a similar pattern; low at trabecular surfaces and higher in the cores. A strong correlation was found between the two variables, which remained unchanged during development. It was concluded that bone tissue in fetal and newborn trabecular cores resembles adult trabecular bone tissue properties and is distributed in a regular radial pattern in trabeculae. For the first time, it was shown that the intratrabecular tissue stiffness develops along the same path as the degree of mineralization. Knowledge regarding intratrabecular tissue stiffness and mineralization results in a better understanding of trabecular bone mechanical behavior on a structural and tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Mulder
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tanaka E, Sano R, Kawai N, Langenbach GEJ, Brugman P, Tanne K, van Eijden TMGJ. Effect of food consistency on the degree of mineralization in the rat mandible. Ann Biomed Eng 2007; 35:1617-21. [PMID: 17522978 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-007-9330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A switch to a soft diet, associated with reduced forces applied to the mandible during mastication, may result in an alteration of the degree of mineralization in the mandible. This alteration may be regionally different. The aim of this study was to analyze this alteration by examination of the degree of mineralization in the mandible of growing rats fed with a hard or soft diet. Fifteen Wistar male rats were used in this investigation. After weaning, six rats were fed with a hard diet and the remaining nine rats with a soft diet. After 9 weeks, three-dimensional reconstructions of the cortical and trabecular bone of their mandibles were obtained using a microCT system. The degree of mineralization was determined for the trabecular bone in the condyle and for the cortical bone in the anterior and posterior areas of the mandibular body. In both diet groups the degree of mineralization was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in the trabecular than in the cortical bone. In the mandibular body, the anterior area showed a significantly (p < 0.01) higher degree of mineralization than the posterior area in both diet groups. In both areas the soft diet group had a significantly (p < 0.05 or 0.01) higher degree of mineralization than the hard diet group. The trabecular bone in the condyle of the hard diet group showed a significantly (p < 0.01) higher degree of mineralization than in the soft diet group. The present results indicate the importance of proper masticatory muscle function for craniofacial growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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