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Kaur Kohli S, Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj V, Sharma A, Kalia N, Landi M, Bhardwaj R. Therapeutic Potential of Brassinosteroids in Biomedical and Clinical Research. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E572. [PMID: 32283642 PMCID: PMC7226375 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids are a pivotal class of hormones with a key role in growth modulation and signal transduction in multicellular organisms. Synthetic steroids are widely used to cure large array of viral, fungal, bacterial, and cancerous infections. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a natural collection of phytosterols, which have structural similarity with animal steroids. BRs are dispersed universally throughout the plant kingdom. These plant steroids are well known to modulate a plethora of physiological responses in plants leading to improvement in quality as well as yield of food crops. Moreover, they have been found to play imperative role in stress-fortification against various stresses in plants. Over a decade, BRs have conquered worldwide interest due to their diverse biological activities in animal systems. Recent studies have indicated anticancerous, antiangiogenic, antiviral, antigenotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial bioactivities of BRs in the animal test systems. BRs inhibit replication of viruses and induce cytotoxic effects on cancerous cell lines. Keeping in view the biological activities of BRs, this review is an attempt to update the information about prospects of BRs in biomedical and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Abhay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine; (A.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine; (A.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Anket Sharma
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Namarta Kalia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food & Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
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Su R, Zheng GL, Wan FH, Li CY. Establishment and characterization of three embryonic cell lines of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1223-32. [PMID: 25999173 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three cell lines (QAU-Se-E-1, -2 and -3, or Se-1, -2 and -3 for short) were established from eggs of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) that have been passaged stably for more than 60 times in TNM-FH medium supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum. The cell lines consisted of round and spindle-shaped cells. The round cells accounted for 96.82, 84.34 and 83.16 % of the cells in the three cell lines, respectively, with cell diameters of 16.21 ± 0.72, 15.63 ± 0.58 and 13.06 ± 0.44 μm. Random amplified polymorphic DNA and analysis of the CO I gene showed that the three cell lines were all derived from S. exigua. Growth curves at passage 30 were determined and the results showed that the cell population doubling times were 59.03, 49.08 and 49.91 h, respectively. The three cell lines can be infected by S. exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV). Se-3 was extremely susceptible to the virus with an infection rate of 97.52 % 4 days after the inoculation and produced 2.02 × 10(6) OBs per mL of culture. Flow cytometry analysis showed that some of Se-1 and Se-2 cells had apoptosis after infection, whereas Se-3 cells did not. Bioassays showed that the virulence of the SeMNPV proliferated from Se-3 was similar to that from the insect with LC50 of 5.55 × 10(5) and 2.64 × 10(5) OBs/mL. Therefore, the cell lines can be used to study the SeMNPV-host interactions and mechanisms underlying the interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Ling Zheng
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Hao Wan
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-You Li
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Zhabinskii VN, Khripach NB, Khripach VA. Steroid plant hormones: effects outside plant kingdom. Steroids 2015; 97:87-97. [PMID: 25217849 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BS) are the first group of steroid-hormonal compounds isolated from and acting in plants. Among numerous physiological effects of BS growth stimulation and adaptogenic activities are especially remarkable. In this review, we provide evidence that BS possess similar types of activity also beyond plant kingdom at concentrations comparable with those for plants. This finding allows looking at steroids from a new point of view: how common are the mechanisms of steroid bioregulation in different types of organisms from protozoa to higher animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Natalia B Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
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Hamshou M, Van Damme EJM, Caccia S, Cappelle K, Vandenborre G, Ghesquière B, Gevaert K, Smagghe G. High entomotoxicity and mechanism of the fungal GalNAc/Gal-specific Rhizoctonia solani lectin in pest insects. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:295-305. [PMID: 23291362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Whole insect assays where Rhizoctonia solani agglutinin (RSA) was fed to larval stages of the cotton leaf-worm Spodoptera littoralis and the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum demonstrated a high concentration-dependent entomotoxicity, suggesting that this GalNAc/Gal-specific fungal lectin might be a good control agent for different pest insects. RSA at 10 mg/g in the solid diet of 2nd-instar caterpillars caused 84% weight reduction after 8 days with none of the caterpillars reaching the 4th-instar stage. In sucking aphids, 50% mortality was achieved after 3 days with 9 μM of RSA in the liquid diet. Feeding of FITC-labeled RSA to both insect pest species revealed strong lectin binding at the apical/luminal side of the midgut epithelium with the brush border zone, suggesting the insect midgut as a primary insecticide target tissue for RSA. This was also confirmed with cell cultures in vitro, where there was high fluorescence binding at the microvillar zone with primary cultures of larval midgut columnar cells of S. littoralis, and also at the surface with the insect midgut CF-203 cell line without lectin uptake in the midgut cells. In vitro assays using insect midgut CF-203 cells, revealed that RSA was highly toxic with an EC50 of 0.3 μM. Preincubation with GalNAc and saponin indicated that this action of RSA was carbohydrate-binding dependent and happened at the surface of the cells. Intoxicated CF-203 cells showed symptoms of apoptosis as nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation, and this concurred with an increase of caspase-3/7, -8 and -9 activities. Finally, RSA affinity chromatography of membrane extracts of CF-203 cells followed by LC-MS/MS allowed the identification of 5747 unique peptides, among which four putatively glycosylated membrane proteins that are associated with apoptosis induction, namely Fas-associated factor, Apoptosis-linked gene-2, Neuroglian and CG2076, as potential binding targets for RSA. These data are discussed in relation to the physiological effects of RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hamshou
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Giraudo M, Califano J, Hilliou F, Tran T, Taquet N, Feyereisen R, Le Goff G. Effects of hormone agonists on Sf9 cells, proliferation and cell cycle arrest. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25708. [PMID: 21991338 PMCID: PMC3185036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methoxyfenozide and methoprene are two insecticides that mimic the action of the main hormones involved in the control of insect growth and development, 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone. We investigated their effect on the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line. Methoxyfenozide was more toxic than methoprene in cell viability tests and more potent in the inhibition of cellular proliferation. Cell growth arrest occurred in the G2/M phase after a methoprene treatment and more modestly in G1 after methoxyfenozide treatment. Microarray experiments and real-time quantitative PCR to follow the expression of nuclear receptors ultraspiracle and ecdysone receptor were performed to understand the molecular action of these hormone agonists. Twenty-six genes were differentially expressed after methoxyfenozide treatment and 55 genes after methoprene treatment with no gene in common between the two treatments. Our results suggest two different signalling pathways in Sf9 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Giraudo
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1301 Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6243, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France
- UMR 6023 CNRS-Université Blaise Pascal, Bât. Biologie A – Campus des Cézeaux, Aubière, France
| | - Jérôme Califano
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1301 Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6243, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France
- Département des affaires réglementaires, Grasse, France
| | - Frédérique Hilliou
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1301 Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6243, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Trang Tran
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1301 Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6243, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France
- Lanaud Gestion-Pôle de Lanaud, Boisseuil, France
| | - Nathalie Taquet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1301 Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6243, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France
- Bioimagerie, Villeneuve Loubet, France
| | - René Feyereisen
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1301 Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6243, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Gaëlle Le Goff
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1301 Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6243, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France
- * E-mail:
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Shahidi-Noghabi S, Van Damme EJM, De Vos WH, Smagghe G. Internalization of Sambucus nigra agglutinins I and II in insect midgut CF-203 cells. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 76:211-222. [PMID: 21254203 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this project, the uptake mechanisms and localization of two lectins from Sambucus nigra, further referred to as S. nigra agglutinin (SNA)-I and SNA-II, into insect midgut CF-203 cells were studied. SNA-I is a chimeric lectin belonging to the class of ribosome-inactivating proteins, whereas SNA-II is a hololectin devoid of enzymatic activity. Internalization of the fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled lectin was investigated using confocal microscopy. Both lectins were internalized into the cytoplasm of CF-203 cells at similar rates. Preexposure of the insect midgut cells to specific inhibitors of clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis resulted in an inhibition of lectin uptake in CF-203 cells and caspase-induced cytotoxicity caused by SNA-I and SNA-II, confirming the involvement of both endocytosis pathways. Further studies demonstrated that the uptake mechanism(s) for both lectins required phosphoinositide 3-kinases, but did not depend on the actin cytoskeleton. Since the hololectin SNA-II apparently uses a similar endocytosis pathway as the chimerolectin SNA-I, it can be concluded that the endocytosis process mainly relies on the carbohydrate-binding activity of the lectins under investigation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Shahidi-Noghabi
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Hamshou M, Smagghe G, Shahidi-Noghabi S, De Geyter E, Lannoo N, Van Damme EJM. Insecticidal properties of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum agglutinin and its interaction with insect tissues and cells. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 40:883-890. [PMID: 20826211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This project studied in detail the insecticidal activity of a fungal lectin from the sclerotes of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, referred to as S. sclerotiorum agglutinin or SSA. Feeding assays with the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) on an artificial diet containing different concentrations of SSA demonstrated a high mortality caused by this fungal lectin with a median insect toxicity value (LC50) of 66 (49-88) μg/ml. In an attempt to unravel the mode of action of SSA the binding and interaction of the lectin with insect tissues and cells were investigated. Histofluorescence studies on sections from aphids fed on an artificial liquid diet containing FITC-labeled SSA, indicated the insect midgut with its brush border zone as the primary target for SSA. In addition, exposure of insect midgut CF-203 cells to 25 μg/ml SSA resulted in a total loss of cell viability, the median cell toxicity value (EC50) being 4.0 (2.4-6.7) μg/ml. Interestingly, cell death was accompanied with DNA fragmentation, but the effect was caspase-3 independent. Analyses using fluorescence confocal microscopy demonstrated that FITC-labeled SSA was not internalized in the insect midgut cells, but bound to the cell surface. Prior incubation of the cells with saponin to achieve a higher cell membrane permeation resulted in an increased internalization of SSA in the insect midgut cells, but no increase in cell toxicity. Furthermore, since the toxicity of SSA for CF-203 cells was significantly reduced when SSA was incubated with GalNAc and asialomucin prior to treatment of the cells, the data of this project provide strong evidence that SSA binds with specific carbohydrate moieties on the cell membrane proteins to start a signaling transduction cascade leading to death of the midgut epithelial cells, which in turn results in insect mortality. The potential use of SSA in insect control is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hamshou
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Shahidi-Noghabi S, Van Damme EJM, Iga M, Smagghe G. Exposure of insect midgut cells to Sambucus nigra L. agglutinins I and II causes cell death via caspase-dependent apoptosis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:1101-1107. [PMID: 20230823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sambucus nigra agglutinins I and II, further referred to as SNA-I and SNA-II, are two ricin-related lectins from elderberry. SNA-I is a chimeric lectin composed of an A-chain with enzymatic activity and a B-chain with carbohydrate-binding activity, and therefore belongs to the group of type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins. In contrast, SNA-II consists only of carbohydrate-binding B-chains. The physiological effect of SNA-I was tested on different insect cell lines (midgut, ovary, fat body, embryo). In sensitive midgut CF-203 cells, SNA-I induced cell death with typical characteristics such as cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. The effect was dose-dependent with 50% death of 4-day-exposed cells at 3nM. SNA-I exposure induced caspase-3 like activities, suggesting that SNA-I can induce the apoptotic pathway. Interestingly, the hololectin SNA-II also induced apoptosis in CF-203 cells at similar doses with the same physiological events. SNA-I and SNA-II both induced caspase-dependent apoptosis at low concentrations (nM order), leading to typical symptoms of cell death in sensitive cells. This effect seems independent from the catalytic activity of the A-chain, but depends on the carbohydrate-binding B-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Shahidi-Noghabi
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
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Insect cell culture and applications to research and pest management. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2009; 45:93-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-009-9181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mosallanejad H, Soin T, Smagghe G. Selection for resistance to methoxyfenozide and 20-hydroxyecdysone in cells of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 67:36-49. [PMID: 18044724 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this report with an ecdysteroid-responsive cell line of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Se4) selection for resistance against methoxyfenozide and the insect moulting hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E) was carried out to analyze the resulting resistant cells in order to elucidate possible mechanisms of resistance towards these compounds. From these cultures, five methoxyfenozide- and four 20E-resistant subclones were selected starting from 0.1 nM methoxyfenozide up to 100 microM and from 10 nM 20E up to 100 microM, respectively. To date, the selected cells kept their loss of susceptibility for 100 microM. Here we evaluated two processes known to be important in insecticide resistance, namely metabolism and pharmacokinetics, in the selected methoxyfenozide- and 20E-resistant subclones. Synergism experiments with piperonyl butoxide, S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, and diethyl maleate, which are respective inhibitors of monooxygenases, esterases, and gluthation-S-transferases, did not affect the level of the resistance. To check the possible existence of active transport in the resistant cells, we used ouabain, an inhibitor of active membrane transport. In parallel, the absorption profile was studied in resistant and susceptible cells with use of 14C-methoxyfenozide. Interestingly, resistant subclones showed cross-resistance towards methoxyfenozide and 20E. The resistance was irreversible even after the compounds were removed from the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mosallanejad
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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