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Fang Q, Cao Y, Oo TH, Zhang C, Yang M, Tang Y, Wang M, Zhang W, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Li W, Meng F. Overexpression of cry1c* Enhances Resistance against to Soybean Pod Borer ( Leguminivora glycinivorella) in Soybean. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:630. [PMID: 38475476 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an essential staple food and oil crop worldwide, boasts abundant vegetable proteins and fats beneficial for both human and animal consumption. However, the soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella) (SPB) stands as the most destructive soybean insect pest in northeast China and other northeastern Asian regions, leading to significant annual losses in soybean yield and economic burden. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the introduction of a previously tested codon-optimized cry1c gene, cry1c*, into the soybean genome and assess its effect on the SPB infestation by generating and characterizing stable transgenic soybeans overexpressing cry1c*. The transgenic soybean lines that constitutively overexpressed cry1c* exhibited a significant reduction in the percentage of damaged seeds, reaching as low as 5% in plants under field conditions. Additionally, feeding transgenic leaves to the larvae of S. exigua, S. litura, and M. separta resulted in inhibited larval growth, decreased larval body weight, and lower survival rates compared to larvae fed on wild-type leaves. These findings showed that the transgenic lines maintained their resistance to SPB and other lepidopteran pests, especially the transgenic line KC1. Southern blotting and genome-wide resequencing analysis revealed that T-DNA integration occurred as a single copy between loci 50,868,122 and 50,868,123 of chromosome 10 in the transgenic line KC1. Therefore, the transgenic line KC1, overexpressing high levels of cry1c* in leaves and seeds, holds strong potential for commercial use in the integrated management of SPB and other lepidopteran pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Fang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yingxue Cao
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Thinzar Hla Oo
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuecheng Tang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Meizi Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wu Zhang
- Heihe Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heihe 164300, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Agricultural Science & Technology Northeast Innovation Center, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Agricultural Science & Technology Northeast Innovation Center, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fanli Meng
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
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Chen L, Song B, Yu C, Zhang J, Zhang J, Bi R, Li X, Ren X, Zhu Y, Yao D, Song Y, Yang S, Zhao R. Identifying Soybean Pod Borer ( Leguminivora glycinivorella) Resistance QTLs and the Mechanism of Induced Defense Using Linkage Mapping and RNA-Seq Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810910. [PMID: 36142822 PMCID: PMC9504297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella) (SPB) is a major cause of soybean (Glycine max L.) yield losses in northeast Asia, thus it is desirable to elucidate the resistance mechanisms involved in soybean response to the SPB. However, few studies have mapped SPB-resistant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and deciphered the response mechanism in soybean. Here, we selected two soybean varieties, JY93 (SPB-resistant) and K6 (SPB-sensitive), to construct F2 and F2:3 populations for QTL mapping and collected pod shells before and after SPB larvae chewed on the two parents to perform RNA-Seq, which can identify stable QTLs and explore the response mechanism of soybean to the SPB. The results show that four QTLs underlying SPB damage to seeds were detected on chromosomes 4, 9, 13, and 15. Among them, qESP-9-1 was scanned in all environments, hence it can be considered a stable QTL. All QTLs explained 0.79 to 6.09% of the phenotypic variation. Meanwhile, 2298 and 3509 DEGs were identified for JY93 and K6, respectively, after the SPB attack, and most of these genes were upregulated. Gene Ontology enrichment results indicated that the SPB-induced and differently expressed genes in both parents are involved in biological processes such as wound response, signal transduction, immune response, and phytohormone pathways. Interestingly, secondary metabolic processes such as flavonoid synthesis were only significantly enriched in the upregulated genes of JY93 after SPB chewing compared with K6. Finally, we identified 18 candidate genes related to soybean pod borer resistance through the integration of QTL mapping and RNA-Seq analysis. Seven of these genes had similar expression patterns to the mapping parents in four additional soybean germplasm after feeding by the SPB. These results provide additional knowledge of the early response and induced defense mechanisms against the SPB in soybean, which could help in breeding SPB-resistant soybean accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Chen
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Baixing Song
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Crop Variety Approval and Characteristic Identification Station, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Department Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Rui Bi
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaobo Ren
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yanyu Zhu
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dan Yao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang Song
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Songnan Yang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rengui Zhao
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (R.Z.)
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Nitnavare RB, Bhattacharya J, Singh S, Kour A, Hawkesford MJ, Arora N. Next Generation dsRNA-Based Insect Control: Success So Far and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:673576. [PMID: 34733295 PMCID: PMC8558349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.673576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a method of gene silencing where dsRNA is digested into small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the presence of enzymes. These siRNAs then target homologous mRNA sequences aided by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The mechanism of dsRNA uptake has been well studied and established across many living organisms including insects. In insects, RNAi is a novel and potential tool to develop future pest management means targeting various classes of insects including dipterans, coleopterans, hemipterans, lepidopterans, hymenopterans and isopterans. However, the extent of RNAi in individual class varies due to underlying mechanisms. The present review focuses on three major insect classes viz hemipterans, lepidopterans and coleopterans and the rationale behind this lies in the fact that studies pertaining to RNAi has been extensively performed in these groups. Additionally, these classes harbour major agriculturally important pest species which require due attention. Interestingly, all the three classes exhibit varying levels of RNAi efficiencies with the coleopterans exhibiting maximum response, while hemipterans are relatively inefficient. Lepidopterans on the other hand, show minimum response to RNAi. This has been attributed to many facts and few important being endosomal escape, high activity dsRNA-specific nucleases, and highly alkaline gut environment which renders the dsRNA unstable. Various methods have been established to ensure safe delivery of dsRNA into the biological system of the insect. The most common method for dsRNA administration is supplementing the diet of insects via spraying onto leaves and other commonly eaten parts of the plant. This method is environment-friendly and superior to the hazardous effects of pesticides. Another method involves submergence of root systems in dsRNA solutions and subsequent uptake by the phloem. Additionally, more recent techniques are nanoparticle- and Agrobacterium-mediated delivery systems. However, due to the novelty of these biotechnological methods and recalcitrant nature of certain crops, further optimization is required. This review emphasizes on RNAi developments in agriculturally important insect species and the major hurdles for efficient RNAi in these groups. The review also discusses in detail the development of new techniques to enhance RNAi efficiency using liposomes and nanoparticles, transplastomics, microbial-mediated delivery and chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul B. Nitnavare
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Joorie Bhattacharya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Satnam Singh
- Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Regional Research Station, Faridkot, India
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Amardeep Kour
- Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Regional Research Station, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Naveen Arora
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, India
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Yang M, Wang Z, Wang R, Zhang X, Li M, Xin J, Qin Y, Zhang C, Meng F. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the mechanisms of overwintering diapause in soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:4248-4257. [PMID: 32633047 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella) is an important soybean pest in north-eastern Asia, whose mature larvae overwinter in a diapause state. Disruption of winter diapause may be a valuable tool in pest management. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating diapause in this species have not yet been elucidated. RESULTS We compared the transcriptomes and proteomes between diapause and mature larvae and between mature and newly developed pupae to identify the genes and proteins associated with diapause. Thirty-seven differentially expressed genes and their proteins changed synchronously between diapause and mature larvae and 82 changed synchronously between diapause larvae and newly developed pupae. Among these, genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and the longevity regulating pathway were up-regulated in diapause larvae and down-regulated in newly developed pupae, suggesting that they may regulate diapause. One fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene and two small heat shock genes (HSP19.8 and HSP18.9) were chosen for further functional analysis. After RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of FAS, the survival of mature larvae was significantly lower than that of control larvae, but the mean developmental time from first-instar larva to adult remained unchanged. RNAi-mediated knockdown of HSP19.8 and HSP18.9 severely shortened the mean developmental time, causing approximately 50% larvae to develop directly into pupae. CONCLUSION FAS and the small heat shock gene play roles in diapause regulation and larvae survival. This study provides important information that may assist in understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of overwintering diapause of this important agricultural insect pest. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhanchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Junjie Xin
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yushi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fanli Meng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Abbasi R, Heschuk D, Kim B, Whyard S. A novel paperclip double-stranded RNA structure demonstrates clathrin-independent uptake in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 127:103492. [PMID: 33096213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used technique of knocking down a gene's expression in insects, but its efficacy in some species is limited by a reduced ability of the cells to take in and disperse the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) throughout the cytoplasm. While RNA transport proteins such as SID-1 and its orthologues can facilitate dsRNA uptake in some invertebrate species, dsRNA uptake in many insects examined to date appears to be facilitated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). In this study, we used pharmacological inhibitors and RNAi-mediated knockdown of endocytic genes to provide evidence that CME is the primary means of dsRNA uptake in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis was sufficient to supress uptake of short (21 nt) interfering RNAs (siRNAs), short (23 nt) hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), and long (>200 nt) dsRNA molecules in Aedes aegypti cultured cells and larvae. In contrast, we observed that short (23 nt) "paperclip" RNAs (pcRNAs), with partially closed ends, efficiently enter cells via a clathrin-independent pathway and effectively facilitate transcript knockdown. This alternative dsRNA structure may prove useful in insects generally considered recalcitrant to RNAi and in insect populations where resistance to RNAi-insecticides may arise through changes in dsRNA uptake mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Abbasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Daniel Heschuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Brandon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Steve Whyard
- Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Al Baki A, Jung JK, Kim Y. Alteration of insulin signaling to control insect pest by using transformed bacteria expressing dsRNA. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1020-1030. [PMID: 31503391 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) is known to mediate larval growth and adult reproduction in the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Four IIS components (InR, FOXO, Akt, and TOR) play crucial roles in the IIS pathway. RESULTS RNA interference (RNAi) against any of these four IIS component genes was effective in suppressing each target mRNA level by either hemocoelic injection or oral administration using gene-specific double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). These RNAi treatments interfered with larval growth, leading to small pupae or significant larval mortality. For massive production of dsRNA, transformed bacteria expressing dsRNAs of these four IIS components were prepared with L4440 expression vector and HT115 strain of Escherichia coli. The transformed bacteria killed the larvae in a dose-dependent manner by feeding administration. An ultra-sonication pretreatment was performed to impair bacterial membrane and increase dsRNA release from the bacteria in insect intestine. This pretreatment increased the insecticidal activity of these recombinant bacteria. To further increase dsRNA toxicity, its mixture with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was prepared and showed significant increase of Bt insecticidal activity in the laboratory. The bacterial mixture also showed a high control efficacy (83.3%) in an adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) field infested by M. vitrata. Furthermore, such a dsRNA effect was specific for M. vitrata, but not for non-target insects. CONCLUSION The bacteria expressing dsRNA specific to IIS components can be used to develop dsRNA insecticide. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Baki
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyo Jung
- Division of Crop Cultivation and Environment Research, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
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Kunte N, McGraw E, Bell S, Held D, Avila LA. Prospects, challenges and current status of RNAi through insect feeding. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:26-41. [PMID: 31419022 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference is a phenomenon in which the introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into cells triggers the degradation of the complementary messenger RNA in a sequence-specific manner. Suppressing expression of vital genes could lead to insect death, therefore this technology has been considered as a potential strategy for insect pest control. There are three main routes of dsRNA administration into insects: (i) injections to the hemolymph, (ii) topical, and (iii) feeding. In this review, we focus on dsRNA administration through feeding. We summarize novel strategies that have been developed to improve the efficacy of this method, such as the use of nano-based formulations, engineered microorganisms, and transgenic plants. We also expose the hurdles that have to be overcome in order to use this technique as a reliable pest management method. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kunte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Erin McGraw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sydney Bell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - David Held
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Luz-Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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