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Ren Y, Li Y, Ju Y, Zhang W, Wang Y. Insect cuticle and insecticide development. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22057. [PMID: 37840232 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance poses a significant challenge, diminishing the effectiveness of chemical insecticides. To address this global concern, the development of novel and efficient pest management technologies based on chemical insecticides is an ongoing necessity. The insect cuticle, a highly complex and continuously renewing organ, plays a crucial role in this context. On one hand, as the most vital structure, it serves as a suitable target for insecticides. On the other hand, it acts as the outermost barrier, isolating the insect's inner organs from the environment, and thus offering resistance to contact with insecticides, preventing their entry into insect bodies. Our work focuses on key targets concerning cuticle formation and the interaction between the cuticle and contact insecticides. Deeper studying insect cuticles and understanding their structure-function relationship, formation process, and regulatory mechanisms during cuticle development, as well as investigating insecticide resistance related to the barrier properties of insect cuticles, are promising strategies not only for developing novel insecticides but also for discovering general synergists for contact insecticides. With this comprehensive review, we hope to contribute valuable insights into the development of effective pest management solutions and the mitigation of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunuo Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Ju
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Scott IM, Vickruck J, Hann S, Krolikowski S, MacKinley P, Stokes-Rees J, Hatten G, Moffat C. Regional differences in susceptibility to spinosyn insecticides registered for Colorado potato beetle management in Canada. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105459. [PMID: 37248024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is the most economically important pest of Canadian potato, and if left uncontrolled, it can completely consume the crop. In the past decade, the control of CPB has relied heavily on systemic insecticides, principally the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and clothianidin. Resistance to neonicotinoids in CPB has been well documented in the past 2 decades and mechanisms underlying the resistance better understood. In contrast, resistance to other insecticide classes, including spinosyns (spinosad and spinetoram) and anthranillic diamides (chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole), have not been studied to the same degree in CPB. Spinosyns are the only insecticide certified for organic potato growers in Canada and are frequently applied as a mid-season foliar spray by conventional growers when seed treatments with neoniconitoid or diamide experience control breaks. Improved knowledge on resistance to spinosyns in CPB would allow for the development of regional management strategies. A survey of insecticide susceptibility in CPB populations from 6 potato growing regions between 2018 and 2022 observed: 1) spatial and temporal resistance trends; 2) cross-resistance; and 3) evidence of regional differences in susceptibility to spinosyns. The proportion of populations within each province considered resistant to spinosyns was, in descending order: Québec (16%) > Ontario (14%) > Manitoba (13%) > New Brunswick (9%) > Prince Edward Island (2%) > Alberta (0%). There was a significant change in CPB mortality at the diagnostic concentration (DC = LC90) for spinosad and spinetoram in the 6 provinces but only for year 5 relative to the previous 4 years. Moderate cross-resistance was determined between spinosad and spinetoram with the DC mortality for all populations based on a positive and significant correlation (adjusted R2 = 0.3758; P = 1.263e-13). There was also a positive relationship observed between the number of spinosyn applications (years applied at the sampling location) and declining susceptibility to spinosad (R2 = 0.0927; P < 0.002). Cross-resistance was observed between spinosyns and insecticides in the other two classes, the more significant correlation was between spinosad and tetraniliprole (R2 = 0.3025; P < 0.0002). In Québec, the greater spinosad use in organic potato farms led to resistance in those CPB populations, but spinosyn resistance at conventional farms was not related to greater application of neonicotinoids and diamides. Spinosyns remain relatively effective, nevertheless growers should be concerned over the increasing cases of reduced susceptibility in conventional potato farms and resistance where organic production occurs. Resistance management should continue to encourage rotation with products from the other classes in season and between years in order to extend spinosyn use for CPB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Scott
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Jess Vickruck
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Sheldon Hann
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Sophie Krolikowski
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela MacKinley
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Jessica Stokes-Rees
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Hatten
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Chandra Moffat
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada
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Gao L, Zang X, Qiao H, Moussian B, Wang Y. Xenobiotic responses of Drosophila melanogaster to insecticides with different modes of action and entry. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21958. [PMID: 35942563 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Depending on their chemical structure, insecticides enter the insect body either through the cuticle or by ingestion (mode of entry [MoE]), and, naturally, harm or even kill insects through different mechanisms (modes of action). In parallel, they trigger a systemic detoxification response, especially by activation of detoxification gene expression. We monitored the acute genetic alterations of known xenobiotic response target genes against five different insecticides with two most common MoEs (contact toxicity and stomach toxicity), found that: 1. only a few genes were detected responding to acute exposure to insecticides (LD90 ); 2. The expression of cyp12d1 was upregulated in all experiments, except for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure, suggesting that cyp12d1 is a general first response gene of the xenobiotic response; 3. The contact and stomach entries did not show any notable difference, both MoEs induced the response of JNK signaling pathway, possibly serving as the driver of the response of cyp12d1 and a few other genes. In conclusion, the changes in gene expression levels were relatively modest and no significant differences were found between the two MoEs, so the insecticide entry route does not seem to have an impact on the detoxification response. However, the two MoEs of the same insecticide showed different efficiencies in our test. Thus, the study of these two MoEs will help to develop more efficient release and management methods for the use of such insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiya Zang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Animal Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, France
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Zhang Z, Wen Z, Li K, Xu W, Liang N, Yu X, Li C, Chu D, Guo L. Cytochrome P450 Gene, CYP6CX3, Is Involved in the Resistance to Cyantraniliprole in Bemisia tabaci. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12398-12407. [PMID: 36154000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is an important agricultural sucking pest, and it develops serious resistance to various insecticides. Although cytochrome P450 was involved in the resistance to cyantraniliprole, limited studies have been conducted on B. tabaci. In the present study, piperonyl butoxide significantly increased the toxicity of cyantraniliprole. P450 activities in two resistant populations were 1.97- and 2.17-fold higher than that in the susceptible population. Among 79 P450 genes, CYP6CX3 expressions in two resistant populations were 3.08- and 3.67-fold higher than that in the susceptible population. When CYP6CX3 was knocked down, the toxicity of cyantraniliprole increased significantly. The LC50 value of cyantraniliprole to the Drosophila melanogaster line overexpressing B. tabaci CYP6CX3 increased 7.34-fold. The content of cyantraniliprole was decreased by 25.74 ± 4.27% after mixing with CYP6CX3 and CPR for 2 h. These results suggested that the overexpression of CYP6CX3 was likely involved in the resistance to cyantraniliprole in B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Zanrong Wen
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Kaixin Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ni Liang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Changyou Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Dong Chu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
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Nguyen P, Kim KY, Kim AY, Kang S, Osabutey AF, Jin H, Guo Y, Park H, Suh JW, Koh YH. The additive memory and healthspan enhancement effects by the combined treatment of mature silkworm powders and Korean angelica extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114520. [PMID: 34391862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Silkworm (Bombyx mori) and Korean angelica (KoAg; Angelica gigas Nakai) have been widely used as traditional oriental medicines in Korea, China, and Japan to treat various diseases such as anemia, cold, diabetes, palsy, stroke, etc. Steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm powder, also known as HongJam (HJ), and extracts of KoAg root (KoAgE) are currently sold in Korea as functional foods to improve memory, cognition, and liver functions. However, the molecular and pharmacological basis for the improvement of brain functions of HJ and KoAgE has not yet been elucidated. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the molecular basis underlying the memory-enhancing effects of HJ and KoAgE and determine whether administration of HJ and KoAgE complexes (HJ+KoAgC) has additive memory and healthspan-enhancing effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MCI mouse models generated by intraperitoneal injection of Scopolamine (Sco-IP) were orally administered with HJ and KoAgE alone or as complexes. Their memory-enhancing effects were examined on spatial, fear-aggravated, and social memories and compared with control or Donepezil (Dp) treatment. The activities of mitochondria complex (MitoCom) I-IV and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the amounts of ATP in the mouse brains were examined. The Drosophila model was used to investigate lifespan- and healthspan-promoting effects of HJ+KoAgC. RESULTS Administration of HJ+KoAgC produced more memory-enhancing effects than administration of HJ or KoAgE alone or Dp. The increase in MitoCom I-IV activities and ATP amounts and the decrease in AChE activities in the mouse brains were the molecular basis for the memory enhancement. The greatest improvement in memory and mitochondrial function was observed when the mice were administered the 1:0.8 ratio of HJ+KoAgC. Administration of HJ+KoAgC to Drosophila prolonged the lifespan and the healthspan and increased the amounts of ATP. CONCLUSION HJ+KoAgC had superior effects on memory improvement and healthspan extension by increasing mitochondrial activities and ATP amounts in treated animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Nguyen
- Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee-Young Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - A-Young Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - SangKook Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Angelica F Osabutey
- Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hui Jin
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Yuanri Guo
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- HealthPark. 2502ho, Gangnamdaero 305, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Osabutey AF, Kim AY, Seo BY, Mai LX, Koh YH. Alteration of unfolded protein responses and autophagy signaling represented the molecular basis underlying saccharin toxicity to Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 107:e21826. [PMID: 34212404 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a new control method for Drosophila using saccharin sodium dihydrate (saccharin), an artificial sweetener that is safe for humans and the environment, and to elucidate its mode of action. In this study, we confirmed that saccharin can dose-dependently inhibit the development of or kill vinegar flies (VFs) and spotted wing Drosophila (SWDs). In addition, we found that low concentrations of saccharin induced a similar effect as starvation in Drosophila, whereas high concentrations of saccharin induced changes in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy signaling that were unlike starvation and inhibited development or killed the VF and the SWD by performing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Spinosad is a widely used plant protection agent for SWD control. When saccharin was cotreated with 0.25-1.0 ppm spinosad, an additive insecticidal activity was observed only at high concentrations of saccharin. However, when saccharin was cotreated with 2.0 ppm spinosad, an additive insecticidal activity was observed at low concentrations of saccharin. Taken together, alteration of UPR and autophagy signaling represented the molecular basis underlying saccharin toxicity to Drosophila and concurrent spraying of an insecticide with saccharin could enhance the insecticidal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina F Osabutey
- Department of Bio-medical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Young Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yoon Seo
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Linh Xuan Mai
- Department of Bio-medical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Department of Bio-medical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Geographic Monitoring of Insecticide Resistance Mutations in Native and Invasive Populations of the Fall Armyworm. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050468. [PMID: 34070167 PMCID: PMC8158505 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The moth fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major agricultural pest insect damaging a wide range of crops, especially corn. Field evolved resistance against Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins and synthetic insecticides has been repeatedly reported. While the fall armyworm is native to the Americas, its biological invasion was first reported from West Africa in 2016. Since then, this pest has been detected across sub-Saharan and North Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Here, we examine the geographical distribution of mutations causing resistance against Bt or synthetic insecticides to test if the invasion was accompanied by the spread of resistance mutations using 177 individuals collected from 12 geographic populations including North and South America, West and East Africa, India, and China. We observed that Bt resistance mutations generated in Puerto Rico or Brazil were found only from their native populations, while invasive populations had higher copy numbers of cytochrome P450 genes and higher proportions of resistance mutations at AChE, which are known to cause resistance against synthetic insecticides. This result explains the susceptibility to Bt insecticides and the resistance against synthetic insecticides in invasive Chinese populations. This information will be helpful in investigating the cause and consequence associated with insecticide resistance. Abstract Field evolved resistance to insecticides is one of the main challenges in pest control. The fall armyworm (FAW) is a lepidopteran pest species causing severe crop losses, especially corn. While native to the Americas, the presence of FAW was confirmed in West Africa in 2016. Since then, the FAW has been detected in over 70 countries covering sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. In this study, we tested whether this invasion was accompanied by the spread of resistance mutations from native to invasive areas. We observed that mutations causing Bt resistance at ABCC2 genes were observed only in native populations where the mutations were initially reported. Invasive populations were found to have higher gene numbers of cytochrome P450 genes than native populations and a higher proportion of multiple resistance mutations at acetylcholinesterase genes, supporting strong selective pressure for resistance against synthetic insecticides. This result explains the susceptibility to Bt insecticides and resistance to various synthetic insecticides in Chinese populations. These results highlight the necessity of regular and standardized monitoring of insecticide resistance in invasive populations using both genomic approaches and bioassay experiments.
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Cis- and trans-acting variants contribute to survivorship in a naïve Drosophila melanogaster population exposed to ryanoid insecticides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10424-10429. [PMID: 31064874 PMCID: PMC6535026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821713116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Around the world insecticides are being deregistered and banned, as their environmental costs are deemed too great or their efficacy against pest insects is reduced through the evolution of insecticide resistance. With the introduction of replacement insecticides comes the responsibility to assess the way new insecticides perturb various levels of biological systems, from insect physiology to ecosystems. We used a systems genetics approach to identify genetic variants affecting survivorship of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to chlorantraniliprole. The study population was completely naïve to this insecticide chemistry and yet we find associations with variants in neuromuscular genes and coregulated detoxification genes. We predict that these variants will increase in populations of this “sentinel species” as these insecticides are applied in the environment. Insecticide resistance is a paradigm of microevolution, and insecticides are responsible for the strongest cases of recent selection in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Here we use a naïve population and a novel insecticide class to examine the ab initio genetic architecture of a potential selective response. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of chlorantraniliprole susceptibility reveal variation in a gene of major effect, Stretchin Myosin light chain kinase (Strn-Mlck), which we validate with linkage mapping and transgenic manipulation of gene expression. We propose that allelic variation in Strn-Mlck alters sensitivity to the calcium depletion attributable to chlorantraniliprole’s mode of action. GWAS also reveal a network of genes involved in neuromuscular biology. In contrast, phenotype to transcriptome associations identify differences in constitutive levels of multiple transcripts regulated by cnc, the homolog of mammalian Nrf2. This suggests that genetic variation acts in trans to regulate multiple metabolic enzymes in this pathway. The most outstanding association is with the transcription level of Cyp12d1 which is also affected in cis by copy number variation. Transgenic overexpression of Cyp12d1 reduces susceptibility to both chlorantraniliprole and the closely related insecticide cyantraniliprole. This systems genetics study reveals multiple allelic variants segregating at intermediate frequency in a population that is completely naïve to this new insecticide chemistry and it foreshadows a selective response among natural populations to these chemicals.
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