1
|
Yin M, Fang Y, Sun X, Xue M, Zhang C, Zhu Z, Meng Y, Kong L, Myint YY, Li Y, Zhao J, Yang X. Synthesis and anticancer activity of podophyllotoxin derivatives with nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Front Chem 2023; 11:1191498. [PMID: 37234201 PMCID: PMC10206303 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1191498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Three series of podophyllotoxin derivatives with various nitrogen-containing heterocycles were designed and synthesized. The antitumor activity of these podophyllotoxin derivatives was evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumor cell lines. The results showed that podophyllotoxin-imidazolium salts and podophyllotoxin-1,2,4-triazolium salts a1-a20 exhibited excellent cytotoxic activity. Among them, a6 was the most potent cytotoxic compound with IC50 values of 0.04-0.29 μM. Podophyllotoxin-1,2,3-triazole derivatives b1-b5 displayed medium cytotoxic activity, and podophyllotoxin-amine compounds c1-c3 has good cytotoxic activity with IC50 value of 0.04-0.58 μM. Furthermore, cell cycle and apoptosis experiments of compound a6 were carried out and the results exhibited that a6 could induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT-116 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongsheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Minggao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Caimei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yamiao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Lingmei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Yi Myint
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mandalay, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nagavath R, Nukala SK, Sagam RR, Sirassu N, Guguloth V, Kamarajugadda P, Paidakula S, Thirukovela NS. Anticancer Evaluation of Some New 4
β
‐Imidazolopodophyllotoxin ‐Aromatic Amides. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Nagavath
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Warangal Telangana India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Nukala
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Warangal Telangana India
| | - Ravikumar Reddy Sagam
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Warangal Telangana India
| | - Narsimha Sirassu
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Warangal Telangana India
| | - Veeranna Guguloth
- Department of Chemistry Kakatiya University Warangal Telanagna India
| | | | - Suresh Paidakula
- Aragen Life Sciences Private Ltd Nacharam Hyderabad, Telanagna India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar N, Goel N. Recent development of imidazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer, one of the key health problems globally, is a group of related diseases that share a number of characteristics primarily the uncontrolled growth and invasive to surrounding tissues. Chemotherapy is one of the ways for the treatment of cancer which uses one or more anticancer agents as per chemotherapy regimen. Limitations of most anticancer drugs due to a variety of reasons such as serious side effects, drug resistance, lack of sensitivity and efficacy etc. generate the necessity towards the designing of novel anticancer lead molecules. In this regard, the synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic molecules is an appealing research area. Among heterocyclic compounds, nitrogen containing heterocyclic molecules has fascinated tremendous consideration due to broad range of pharmaceutical activity. Imidazoles, extensively present in natural products as well as synthetic molecules, have two nitrogen atoms, and are five membered heterocyclic rings. Because of their countless physiological and pharmacological characteristics, medicinal chemists are enthused to design and synthesize new imidazole derivatives with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. The aim of this present chapter is to discuss the synthesis, chemistry, pharmacological activity, and scope of imidazole-based molecules in anticancer drug development. Finally, we have discussed the current challenges and future perspectives of imidazole-based derivatives in anticancer drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Indore , Indore , Madhya Pradesh 453552 , India
| | - Nidhi Goel
- Department of Chemistry , Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh 221005 , India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Recent advances of podophyllotoxin/epipodophyllotoxin hybrids in anticancer activity, mode of action, and structure-activity relationship: An update (2010-2020). Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112830. [PMID: 32992133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxins and epipodophyllotoxins, possess excellent activity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant even multidrug-resistant cancer cells via inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Several podophyllotoxin/epipodophyllotoxin derivatives such as etoposide and teniposide have already been applied for cancer therapy, revealing their potential as putative anticancer drugs. Hybridization of podophyllotoxin/epipodophyllotoxin moiety with other anticancer pharmacophores is a promising strategy to develop novel drug candidates so as to overcome drug resistance and improve the specificity, and numerous of podophyllotoxin/epipodophyllotoxin hybrids exhibit excellent in vitro antiproliferative and in vivo anticancer potency. This review emphasizes the recent development of podophyllotoxin/epipodophyllotoxin hybrids with potential application for cancer therapy covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. The mechanisms of action, the critical aspects of design as well as structure-activity relationships were also summarized.
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang X, Wu Q, Luan S, Yin Z, He C, Yin L, Zou Y, Yuan Z, Li L, Song X, He M, Lv C, Zhang W. A comprehensive review of topoisomerase inhibitors as anticancer agents in the past decade. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:129-168. [PMID: 30917303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The topoisomerase enzymes play an important role in DNA metabolism, and searching for enzyme inhibitors is an important target in the search for new anticancer drugs. Discovery of new anticancer chemotherapeutical capable of inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes is highlighted in anticancer research. Therefore, biologists, organic chemists and medicinal chemists all around the world have been identifying, designing, synthesizing and evaluating a variety of novel bioactive molecules targeting topoisomerase. This review summarizes types of topoisomerase inhibitors in the past decade, and divides them into nine classes by structural characteristics, including N-heterocycles compounds, quinone derivatives, flavonoids derivatives, coumarin derivatives, lignan derivatives, polyphenol derivatives, diterpenes derivatives, fatty acids derivatives, and metal complexes. Then we discussed the application prospect and development of these anticancer compounds, as well as concluded parts of their structural-activity relationships. We believe this review would be invaluable in helping to further search potential topoisomerase inhibition as antitumor agent in clinical usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shangxian Luan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Min He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun WX, Ji YJ, Wan Y, Han HW, Lin HY, Lu GH, Qi JL, Wang XM, Yang YH. Design and synthesis of piperazine acetate podophyllotoxin ester derivatives targeting tubulin depolymerization as new anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4066-4074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
7
|
Ali I, Lone MN, Aboul-Enein HY. Imidazoles as potential anticancer agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1742-1773. [PMID: 30108886 PMCID: PMC6084102 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a black spot on the face of humanity in this era of science and technology. Presently, several classes of anticancer drugs are available in the market, but issues such as toxicity, low efficacy and solubility have decreased the overall therapeutic indices. Thus, the search for new promising anticancer agents continues, and the battle against cancer is far from over. Imidazole is an aromatic diazole and alkaloid with anticancer properties. There is considerable interest among scientists in developing imidazoles as safe alternatives to anticancer chemotherapy. The present article describes the structural, chemical, and biological features of imidazoles. Several classes of imidazoles as anticancer agents based on their mode of action have been critically discussed. A careful observation has been made into pharmacologically active imidazoles with better or equal therapeutic effects compared to well-known imidazole-based anticancer drugs, which are available on the market. A brief discussion of the toxicities of imidazoles has been made. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of imidazole based anticancer drug development are conferred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) , New Delhi-110025 , India . ;
| | - Mohammad Nadeem Lone
- Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) , New Delhi-110025 , India . ;
| | - Haasan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department , Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division , National Research Centre , Dokki , Giza 12622 , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu X, Che Z, Xu H. Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Podophyllotoxins. Chemistry 2017; 23:4467-4526. [PMID: 27726183 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin and its related aryltetralin cyclolignans belong to a family of important products that exhibit various biological properties (e.g., cytotoxic, insecticidal, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, antirheumatic, antioxidative, antispasmogenic, and hypolipidemic activities). This Review provides a survey of podophyllotoxin and its analogues isolated from plants. In particular, recent developments in the elegant total chemical synthesis, structural modifications, biosynthesis, and biotransformation of podophyllotoxin and its analogues are summarized. Moreover, a deoxypodophyllotoxin-based chemosensor for selective detection of mercury ion is described. In addition to the most active podophyllotoxin derivatives in each series against human cancer cell lines and insect pests listed in the tables, the structure-activity relationships of podophyllotoxin derivatives as cytotoxic and insecticidal agents are also outlined. Future prospects and further developments in this area are covered at the end of the Review. We believe that this Review will provide necessary information for synthetic, medicinal, and pesticidal chemistry researchers who are interested in the chemistry and biology of podophyllotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Che
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Raghavan R, Hyter S, Pathak HB, Godwin AK, Konecny G, Wang C, Goode EL, Fridley BL. Drug discovery using clinical outcome-based Connectivity Mapping: application to ovarian cancer. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:811. [PMID: 27756228 PMCID: PMC5069875 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States (5 % of cancer deaths). The standard treatment for patients with advanced EOC is initial debulking surgery followed by carboplatin-paclitaxel combination chemotherapy. Unfortunately, with chemotherapy most patients relapse and die resulting in a five-year overall survival around 45 %. Thus, finding novel therapeutics for treating EOC is essential. Connectivity Mapping (CMAP) has been used widely in cancer drug discovery and generally has relied on cancer cell line gene expression and drug phenotype data. Therefore, we took a CMAP approach based on tumor information and clinical endpoints from high grade serous EOC patients. Methods We determined tumor gene expression signatures (e.g., sets of genes) associated with time to recurrence (with and without adjustment for additional clinical covariates) among patients within TCGA (n = 407) and, separately, from the Mayo Clinic (n = 326). Each gene signature was inputted into CMAP software (Broad Institute) to determine a set of drugs for which our signature “matches” the “reference” signature, and drugs that overlapped between the CMAP analyses and the two studies were carried forward for validation studies involving drug screens on a set of 10 EOC cell lines. Results Of the 11 drugs carried forward, five (mitoxantrone, podophyllotoxin, wortmannin, doxorubicin, and 17-AAG) were known a priori to be cytotoxics and were indeed shown to effect EOC cell viability. Conclusions Future research is needed to investigate the use of these CMAP and similar analyses for determining combination therapies that might work synergistically to kill cancer cells and to apply this in silico bioinformatics approach using clinical outcomes to other cancer drug screening studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3149-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rama Raghavan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Stephen Hyter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Harsh B Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Gottfried Konecny
- Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55901, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55901, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bai L, Wang R, Zou Y, Xu G. Design, synthesis and antitubulin activity of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives as potent anticancer agent. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-5325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Chen XY, Englert U, Bolm C. Base-Mediated Syntheses of Di- and Trisubstituted Imidazoles from Amidine Hydrochlorides and Bromoacetylenes. Chemistry 2015; 21:13221-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
12
|
Liu YQ, Tian J, Qian K, Zhao XB, Morris-Natschke SL, Yang L, Nan X, Tian X, Lee KH. Recent progress on C-4-modified podophyllotoxin analogs as potent antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1-62. [PMID: 24827545 PMCID: PMC4337794 DOI: 10.1002/med.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT), as well as its congeners and derivatives, exhibits pronounced biological activities, especially antineoplastic effects. Its strong inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth led to the development of three of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world, etoposide, teniposide, and the water-soluble prodrug etoposide phosphate. Their clinical success as well as intriguing mechanism of action stimulated great interest in further modification of PPT for better antitumor activity. The C-4 position has been a major target for structural derivatization aimed at either producing more potent compounds or overcoming drug resistance. Accordingly, numerous PPT derivatives have been prepared via hemisynthesis and important structure-activity relationship (SAR) correlations have been identified. Several resulting compounds, including GL-331, TOP-53, and NK611, reached clinical trials. Some excellent reviews on the distribution, sources, applications, synthesis, and SAR of PPT have been published. This review focuses on a second generation of new etoposide-related drugs and provides detailed coverage of the current status and recent development of C-4-modified PPT analogs as anticancer clinical trial candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Liu Yang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering School, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang L, Chen F, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Zhu X. Novel isatin derivatives of podophyllotoxin: synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation against human leukaemia cancer cells as potent anti-MDR agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21217k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound8cexhibited cytotoxicity at nanomolar range; induced G2/M cell cycle arrest accompanied by apoptosis and down-regulated the levels of Pgp, MRP-1 and GST-π.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| | - Zeguo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| | - Ya Lin
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| | - Xinling Zhu
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Silveira AL, Faheina-Martins GV, Maia RC, Araújo DAM. Compound A398, a novel podophyllotoxin analogue: cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107404. [PMID: 25221997 PMCID: PMC4164611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in oncology research, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, there is a demand for the development of more selective and effective antitumor agents. This study showed that A398, a novel podophyllotoxin analogue, was cytotoxic to the HT-29, MCF-7, MOLT-4 and HL-60 tumor cell lines, being less active in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and normal cell lines FGH and IEC-6. Tests using the HepG2 lineage indicated that its metabolites do not contribute to its cytotoxicity. In the HL-60 cells, A398 induced apoptosis in a time and concentration-dependent manner, promoting mitochondrial depolarization, inhibition of Bcl-2, phosphatidylserine exposure, activation of caspases -8, -9 and -3, and DNA fragmentation. The production of reactive oxygen species does not seem to be a crucial event for the apoptotic process. Pretreatment with specific inhibitors of kinases ERK1/2, JNK and p38 resulted in an increased percentage of death induced by A398. These results indicate that the compound induced apoptosis through activation of intrinsic and extrinsic death pathways with the mechanism involving the inhibition of the MAPKs and Bcl-2. Taken together, our findings suggest that A398 has an anticancer potential, proving itself to be a candidate for preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alethéia L. Silveira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Glaúcia V. Faheina-Martins
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Raquel C. Maia
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Demetrius A. M. Araújo
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu J, Cao B, Gao Y, Bai M, Mei X, Chen H, Jiang YG, Huang DJ. Design, synthesis, and antitumor activity of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives as potent anticancer agents. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 15:985-992. [PMID: 23859462 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.802688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to find novel synthetic compounds with superior antitumor activity and overcome multidrug resistance, a series of novel 4β-N-substituted podophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized under mild conditions with satisfactory yield. Nine novel podophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized by linking 4β-amino-podophyllotoxin with aldehydes via the formation of a Schiff's base, and imines were reducted to secondary amines. These novel derivatives have been evaluated for cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines Hela, K562, and K562/AO2. The results indicated that these compounds possess superior bioactivity (IC50 values were found at the range of 10(- 6)-10(- 8) mol/l) and weak multidrug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- a General Unit of Chinese People's Armed Police Force Hospital , Jiangxi Nanchang 330001 , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang L, Peng XM, Damu GLV, Geng RX, Zhou CH. Comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:340-437. [PMID: 23740514 DOI: 10.1002/med.21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The unique structural feature of imidazole ring with desirable electron-rich characteristic is beneficial for imidazole derivatives to readily bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through diverse weak interactions, thereby exhibiting broad bioactivities. The related research and developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous imidazole-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in the clinic to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which have shown the enormous development value. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents, together with their potential applications in diagnostics and pathology. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic imidazole-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|