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Patel P, Shah D, Bambharoliya T, Patel V, Patel M, Patel D, Bhavsar V, Padhiyar S, Patel B, Mahavar A, Patel R, Patel A. A Review on the Development of Novel Heterocycles as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Med Chem 2024; 20:503-536. [PMID: 38275074 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064264591231031065639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
One of the most effective therapeutic decencies in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is the inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme, which is present at the brush border of the intestine and plays an important role in carbohydrate digestion to form mono-, di-, and polysaccharides. Acarbose, Voglibose, Miglitol, and Erniglitate have been well-known α-glucosidase inhibitors in science since 1990. However, the long synthetic route and side effects of these inhibitors forced the researchers to move their focus to innovate simple and small heterocyclic scaffolds that work as excellent α-glucosidase inhibitors. Moreover, they are also effective against the postprandial hyperglycemic condition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In this aspect, this review summarizes recent progress in the discovery and development of heterocyclic molecules that have been appraised to show outstanding inhibition of α-glucosidase to yield positive effects against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prexa Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Drashti Shah
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Vidhi Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehul Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Dharti Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | | - Anjali Mahavar
- Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel Institute of Computer Application, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT-Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Riddhisiddhi Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
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Saleem F, Shamim F, Özil M, Baltaş N, Salar U, Ashraf S, Ul-Haq Z, Taha M, Solangi M, Khan KM. Multicomponent diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydropyridines as α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1343-1368. [PMID: 37650736 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Researchers seeking new drug candidates to treat diabetes mellitus have been exploring bioactive molecules found in nature, particularly tetrahydropyridines (THPs). Methods: A library of THPs (1-31) were synthesized via a one-pot multicomponent reaction and investigated for their inhibition potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. Results: A nitrophenyl-substituted compound 5 with IC50 values of 0.15 ± 0.01 and 1.10 ± 0.04 μM, and a Km value of 1.30 mg/ml was identified as the most significant α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed the competitive mode of inhibition, and docking studies revealed that compound 5 binds to the enzyme by establishing hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions and a salt bridge interaction with His279. Conclusion: These molecules may be a potential drug candidate for diabetes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Saleem
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Shamim
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Musa Özil
- Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Nimet Baltaş
- Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Uzma Salar
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sajda Ashraf
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehwish Solangi
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Marzullo P, Vasto S, Buscemi S, Pace A, Nuzzo D, Palumbo Piccionello A. Ammonium Formate-Pd/C as a New Reducing System for 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles. Synthesis of Guanidine Derivatives and Reductive Rearrangement to Quinazolin-4-Ones with Potential Anti-Diabetic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12301. [PMID: 34830187 PMCID: PMC8621334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2,4-Oxadiazole is a heterocycle with wide reactivity and many useful applications. The reactive O-N bond is usually reduced using molecular hydrogen to obtain amidine derivatives. NH4CO2H-Pd/C is here demonstrated as a new system for the O-N reduction, allowing us to obtain differently substituted acylamidine, acylguanidine and diacylguanidine derivatives. The proposed system is also effective for the achievement of a reductive rearrangement of 5-(2'-aminophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles into 1-alkylquinazolin-4(1H)-ones. The alkaloid glycosine was also obtained with this method. The obtained compounds were preliminarily tested for their biological activity in terms of their cytotoxicity, induced oxidative stress, α-glucosidase and DPP4 inhibition, showing potential application as anti-diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Marzullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (D.N.)
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (D.N.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvestre Buscemi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (D.N.)
| | - Andrea Pace
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (D.N.)
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (D.N.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica (CNR-IBF), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (D.N.)
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Yan L, Li Y, Yang B, Gao W. InBr3-Catalyzed Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Piperidines and Benzo[a]Pyrano[2,3-c] Phenazines. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1744026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- School of Engineering, Honghe University, Mengzi, China
| | - Yingfang Li
- School of Engineering, Honghe University, Mengzi, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Engineering, Honghe University, Mengzi, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
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Dhameja M, Gupta P. Synthetic heterocyclic candidates as promising α-glucosidase inhibitors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:343-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zeng Z, Yin X, Wang X, Yang W, Liu X, Hong Y. Synthesis of water soluble pentacyclic dihydroxyterpene carboxylic acid derivatives coupled amino acids and their inhibition activities on α-glucosidase. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:277-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shivanagoudra SR, Perera WH, Perez JL, Athrey G, Sun Y, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. Cucurbitane-type compounds from Momordica charantia: Isolation, in vitro antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activities and in silico modeling approaches. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:31-42. [PMID: 30856374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia L., commonly known as bitter melon, belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that extracts of bitter melons have anti-diabetic properties. However, very little is known about the specific purified compounds responsible for these antidiabetic properties. In the present study, 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al, charantal, charantoside XI, and 25ξ-isopropenylchole-5, 6-ene-3-O-d-glucopyranoside were isolated from bitter melon fruit. The structures of the purified compounds were elucidated by HR-ESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR experiments. All compounds exhibited significant inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase comparable to acarbose. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that purified compounds were able to bind to the active sites of proteins. Additionally, the purified compounds showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, downregulating the expression of NF-κB, iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Cox-2 in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Our findings suggest that the purified compounds have potential anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities and therefore hold promise for the development of plant-based management for diabetic and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddanagouda R Shivanagoudra
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Wilmer H Perera
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Jose L Perez
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Giridhar Athrey
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - G K Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, United States.
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, United States.
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Shah S, Arshia, Javaid K, Zafar H, Mohammed Khan K, Khalil R, Ul-Haq Z, Perveen S, Iqbal Choudhary M. Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Silico α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Studies of 5-Chloro-2-Aryl Benzo[d]thiazoles. Bioorg Chem 2018; 78:269-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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