1
|
Mughal EU, Hawsawi MB, Naeem N, Hassan A, Alluhaibi MS, Ali Shah SW, Nazir Y, Sadiq A, Alrafai HA, Ahmed SA. Exploring fluorine-substituted piperidines as potential therapeutics for diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116523. [PMID: 38795518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a series of fluorine-substituted piperidine derivatives (1-8) has been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. In vitro and in vivo enzyme inhibitory studies were conducted to elucidate the efficacy of these compounds, shedding light on their potential therapeutic applications. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, these heterocyclic structures have been investigated against α-glucosidase and cholinesterase enzymes. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was also assessed. Evaluation of synthesized compounds revealed notable inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and cholinesterases. Remarkably, the target compounds (1-8) exhibited extraordinary α-glucosidase inhibitory activity as compared to the standard acarbose by several-fold. Subsequently, the potential antidiabetic effects of compounds 2, 4, 5, and 6 were validated using a STZ-induced diabetic rat model. Kinetic studies were also performed to understand the mechanism of inhibition, while structure-activity relationship analyses provided valuable insights into the structural features governing enzyme inhibition. Kinetic investigations revealed that compound 4 displayed a competitive mode of inhibition against α-glucosidase, whereas compound 2 demonstrated mixed-type behavior against AChE. To delve deeper into the binding interactions between the synthesized compounds and their respective enzyme targets, molecular docking studies were conducted. Overall, our findings highlight the promising potential of these densely substituted piperidines as multifunctional agents for the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulated glucose metabolism and cholinergic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed B Hawsawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa S Alluhaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, 51300, Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, 51300, Pakistan
| | - H A Alrafai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hosseini Nasab N, Raza H, Eom YS, Hassan M, Kloczkowski A, Kim SJ. Design and synthesis of thiadiazole-oxadiazole-acetamide derivatives: Elastase inhibition, cytotoxicity, kinetic mechanism, and computational studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 86:117292. [PMID: 37137270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Considering the biological significance of 1,3,4-thiadiazole/oxadiazole heterocyclic scaffolds, a novel series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole-acetamide derivatives (7a-j) was designed and synthesized using molecular hybridization. The inhibitory effects of the target compounds on elastase were evaluated, and all of these molecules were found to be potent inhibitors compared to the standard reference oleanolic acid. Compound 7f exhibited the excellent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.06 ± 0.02 μM), which is 214-fold more active than oleanolic acid (IC50 = 12.84 ± 0.45 μM). Kinetic analysis was also performed on the most potent compound (7f) to determine the mode of binding with the target enzyme, and it was discovered that 7f inhibits the enzyme in a competitive manner. Furthermore, the MTT assay method was used to assess their toxicity on the viability of B16F10 melanoma cell lines, and all compounds did not display any toxic effect on the cells even at high concentrations. The molecular docking studies of all compounds also justified with their good docking score and among them, compound 7f had a good conformational state with hydrogen bond interactions within the receptor binding pocket, which is consistent with the experimental inhibition studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Hosseini Nasab
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hussain Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Eom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's, Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's, Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miya GM, Oriola AO, Payne B, Cuyler M, Lall N, Oyedeji AO. Steroids and Fatty Acid Esters from Cyperus sexangularis Leaf and Their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Elastase Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083434. [PMID: 37110668 PMCID: PMC10141076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyperus sexangularis (CS) is a plant in the sedges family (Cyperaceae) that grows abundantly in swampy areas. The leaf sheath of plants in the Cyperus genus are mostly used domestically for mat making, while they are implicated for skin treatment in traditional medicine. The plant was investigated for its phytochemical contents as well as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-elastase properties. The n-hexane and dichloromethane leaf extracts were chromatographed on a silica gel column to afford compounds 1-6. The compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The inhibitory effect of each compound against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and ferric ion radicals were determined by standard in vitro antioxidant methods. The in vitro anti-inflammatory response was measured using egg albumin denaturation (EAD) assay, while the anti-elastase activity of each compound in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells was also monitored. The compounds were characterized as three steroidal derivatives, stigmasterol (1), 17-(1-methyl-allyl)-hexadecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene (2) and β-sitosterol (3), dodecanoic acid (4) and two fatty acid esters, ethyl nonadecanoate (5) and ethyl stearate (6). Stigmasterol (1) exhibited the best biological properties, with IC50 of 38.18 ± 2.30 µg/mL against DPPH, 68.56 ± 4.03 µg/mL against NO and 303.58 ± 10.33 µAAE/mg against Fe3+. At 6.25 µg/mL, stigmasterol inhibited EAD by 50%. This activity was lower when compared to diclofenac (standard), which demonstrated 75% inhibition of the protein at the same concentration. Compounds 1, 3, 4 and 5 showed comparable anti-elastase activity with an IC50 ≥ 50 µg/mL, whereas the activity of ursolic acid (standard) was double fold with an IC50 of 24.80 ± 2.60 µg/mL when compared to each of the compounds. In conclusion, this study has identified three steroids (1-3), one fatty acid (4), and two fatty acid esters (5 and 6) in C. sexangularis leaf for the first time. The compounds showed considerable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-elastase properties. Thus, the findings may serve as a justification for the folkloric use of the plant as a local skin ingredient. It may also serve to validate the biological role of steroids and fatty acid compounds in cosmeceutical formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gugulethu Mathews Miya
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Ayodeji Oluwabunmi Oriola
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Bianca Payne
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Marizé Cuyler
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Adebola Omowunmi Oyedeji
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesis, biological evaluation and computational investigations of S-benzyl dithiocarbamates as the cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
5
|
Khan BA, Ashfaq M, Muhammad S, Munawar KS, Tahir MN, Al-Sehemi AG, Alarfaji SS. Exploring Highly Functionalized Tetrahydropyridine as a Dual Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase A and B: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, Single Crystal XRD, Supramolecular Assembly Exploration by Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, and Computational Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29452-29464. [PMID: 36033707 PMCID: PMC9404513 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl 4-(4-fluorophenylamino)-2,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate (FTEAA) has been synthesized efficiently in an iodine-catalyzed five-component reaction of 4-fluoroaniline, 4-trifluoromethyl benzaldehyde, and ethyl acetoacetate in methanol at 55 °C for 12 h. Various spectro-analytical techniques such as 1H and 13C NMR and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy have validated the structure of FTEAA. Further confirmation of the structure of FTEAA has been established on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The supramolecular assembly of FTEAA in terms of strong and comparatively weak noncovalent interactions is fully investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis, the interaction energy between pairs of molecules, and energy frameworks. The void analysis is conducted to explore the strength and stability of the crystal structure. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis was computationally performed to see the potential intermolecular interactions between the selected proteins and FTEAA. The binding interaction energies are found to be -8.8 and -9.6 kcal/mol for the proteins MAO-B (PDB ID: 2V5Z) and MAO-A (PDB ID: 2Z5X), respectively. These reasonably good binding energies (more negative values) indicate the efficient associations between the FTEAA and target proteins. The proteins and FTEAA were also analyzed for intermolecular interactions. FTEAA and proteins interact in a variety of ways, like conventional hydrogen bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, alkyl, π-alkyl, and halide interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and
Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department
of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurram Shahzad Munawar
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Mianwali, Mianwali 42200, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S. Alarfaji
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vanjare BD, Seok Eom Y, Raza H, Hassan M, Hwan Lee K, Ja Kim S. Elastase inhibitory activity of quinoline Analogues: Synthesis, kinetic mechanism, cytotoxicity, chemoinformatics and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 63:116745. [PMID: 35421709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have synthesized quinoline united various Schiff base derivatives (Q1-Q13) and systematically characterized them using diverse analytical practices such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and LC-MS respectively. All of the target compounds that have been synthesized were tested for elastase inhibition, and the findings were compared to the standard drug oleanolic acid. Among the entire series, compound Q11 (IC50 = 0.897 ± 0.015 µM) exhibit most promising elastase inhibitory activity than oleanolic acid (Standard) having an IC50 value of 13.426 ± 0.015 µM. Also, the utmost effectivecompound Q11 was used for kinetic mechanism investigation based on in-vitro data, from which it has been concluded that compound Q11 inhibits elastase competitively. Furthermore, utilizing the MTT test approach, the most effective compounds were assessed for cytotoxicity on B16F10 melanoma cells. From the cytotoxicity experiment, the most potent compound did not display any hazardous response against B16F10 melanoma cells despite being treated at high concentrations. Additionally, the molecular docking study was settled to govern the binding interaction pattern among an enzyme and inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balasaheb D Vanjare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Eom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hussain Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ki Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ilyas S, Saeed A, Abbas Q, Ujan R, Channar PA, Shaikh IA, Hassan M, Raza H, Seo SY, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, Erben MF. Preparation, structure determination, and in silico and in vitro Elastase inhibitory properties of substituted N-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamothioyl)- Aryl/Alkyl benzamide Derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Ujan R, Channar PA, Saeed A, Abbas Q, Rafique H, Ashraf S, Rind MA, Hassan A, Ul‐Hamid A, Hassan M, Raza H, Seo S. Benzimidazole tethered thioureas as a new entry to elastase inhibition and free radical scavenging: Synthesis, molecular docking, and enzyme inhibitory kinetics. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabail Ujan
- M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan
| | | | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Biology, College of Science University of Bahrain Sakhir Bahrain
| | - Hummera Rafique
- Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Saba Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mahboob Ali Rind
- M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul‐Hamid
- Core Research Facilities King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubashar Hassan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology/(IMBB) The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan
| | - Hussain Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences Kongju National University Chungnam South Korea
| | - Sung‐Yum Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences Kongju National University Chungnam South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Synthesis and characterization of new 4H-chromene-3-carboxylates ensuring potent elastase inhibition activity along with their molecular docking and chemoinformatics properties. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
10
|
Arshad N, Rafiq M, Ujan R, Saeed A, Farooqi SI, Perveen F, Channar PA, Ashraf S, Abbas Q, Ahmed A, Hokelek T, Kaur M, Jasinski JP. Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure elucidation and Hirshfeld surface analysis of N-((4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide: investigations for elastase inhibition, antioxidant and DNA binding potentials for biological applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20837-20851. [PMID: 35517754 PMCID: PMC9054313 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in the present study pertains to the development of a new compound based upon a benzimidazole thiourea moiety that has unique properties related to elastase inhibition, free radical scavenging activity and its DNA binding ability. The title compound, N-(4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-3-benzoyl thiourea (C21H18N4O2SH2O:TUBC), was synthesized by reacting an acid chloride of benzoic acid with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) along with the subsequent addition of 4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzenamine via a one-pot three-step procedure. The structure of the resulting benzimidazole based thiourea was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction and further examined by Hirshfeld surface analysis. TUBC was also investigated by using both in silico methodology including molecular docking for elastase inhibition along with quantum chemical studies and in vitro experimental methodology utilizing elastase inhibition and free radical scavenging assay along with DNA binding experiments. Docking results confirmed that TUBC binding was within the active region of elastase. In comparison to the reference drug oleanolic acid, the low IC50 value of TUBC also indicated its high tendency towards elastase inhibition. TUBC scavenged 80% of DPPH˙ radicals which pointed towards its promising antioxidant activity. TUBC–DNA binding by DFT, docking, UV-visible spectroscopy and viscosity measurements revealed TUBC to be a potential drug candidate that binds spontaneously and reversibly with DNA via a mixed binding mode. All theoretical and experimental findings pointed to TUBC as a potential candidate for a variety of biological applications. A new compound based upon a benzimidazole thiourea moiety that has unique properties related to elastase inhibition, antioxidant and DNA binding ability has been studied.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasima Arshad
- Department of Chemistry
- Allama Iqbal Open University
- Islamabad-44000
- Pakistan
| | - Mamoona Rafiq
- Department of Chemistry
- Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
- Bagh
- Pakistan
| | - Rabail Ujan
- Dr. M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry
- University of Sindh
- Jamshoro
- Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-I-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Shahid I. Farooqi
- Department of Chemistry
- Allama Iqbal Open University
- Islamabad-44000
- Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulations
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | | | - Saba Ashraf
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science (SA-CIRBS)
- International Islamic University
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Physiology
- University of Sindh
- Jamshoro
- Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry
- Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
- Bagh
- Pakistan
| | - Tuncer Hokelek
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- Beytepe-Ankara
- Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|