1
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Guillon J, Le Borgne M, Milano V, Guédin-Beaurepaire A, Moreau S, Pinaud N, Ronga L, Savrimoutou S, Albenque-Rubio S, Marchivie M, Kalout H, Walker C, Chevallier L, Buré C, Largy E, Gabelica V, Mergny JL, Baylot V, Ferrer J, Idrissi Y, Chevret E, Cappellen D, Desplat V, Schelz Z, Zupkó I. New 2,4-bis[(substituted-aminomethyl)phenyl]phenylquinazoline and 2,4-bis[(substituted-aminomethyl)phenyl]phenylquinoline Derivatives: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation as Novel Anticancer Agents by Targeting G-Quadruplex. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:30. [PMID: 38256866 PMCID: PMC10819771 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The syntheses of novel 2,4-bis[(substituted-aminomethyl)phenyl]phenylquinazolines 12 and 2,4-bis[(substituted-aminomethyl)phenyl]phenylquinolines 13 are reported here in six steps starting from various halogeno-quinazoline-2,4-(1H,3H)-diones or substituted anilines. The antiproliferative activities of the products were determined in vitro against a panel of breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), human adherent cervical (HeLa and SiHa), and ovarian (A2780) cell lines. Disubstituted 6- and 7-phenyl-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)aminomethylphenyl-quinazolines 12b, 12f, and 12i displayed the most interesting antiproliferative activities against six human cancer cell lines. In the series of quinoline derivatives, 6-phenyl-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)aminomethylphenylquinoline 13a proved to be the most active. G-quadruplexes (G4) stacked non-canonical nucleic acid structures found in specific G-rich DNA, or RNA sequences in the human genome are considered as potential targets for the development of anticancer agents. Then, as small aza-organic heterocyclic derivatives are well known to target and stabilize G4 structures, their ability to bind G4 structures have been determined through FRET melting, circular dichroism, and native mass spectrometry assays. Finally, telomerase inhibition ability has been also assessed using the MCF-7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guillon
- INSERM, CNRS, ARNA, U1212, UMR 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (V.M.); (A.G.-B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.-R.); (H.K.); (C.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ. Lyon, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Vittoria Milano
- INSERM, CNRS, ARNA, U1212, UMR 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (V.M.); (A.G.-B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.-R.); (H.K.); (C.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Aurore Guédin-Beaurepaire
- INSERM, CNRS, ARNA, U1212, UMR 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (V.M.); (A.G.-B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.-R.); (H.K.); (C.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Stéphane Moreau
- INSERM, CNRS, ARNA, U1212, UMR 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (V.M.); (A.G.-B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.-R.); (H.K.); (C.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Noël Pinaud
- ISM—CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33405 Talence, France;
| | - Luisa Ronga
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, F-64053 Pau, France;
| | - Solène Savrimoutou
- INSERM, CNRS, ARNA, U1212, UMR 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (V.M.); (A.G.-B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.-R.); (H.K.); (C.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Sandra Albenque-Rubio
- INSERM, CNRS, ARNA, U1212, UMR 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (V.M.); (A.G.-B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.-R.); (H.K.); (C.W.); (L.C.)
| | | | - Haouraa Kalout
- INSERM, CNRS, ARNA, U1212, UMR 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (V.M.); (A.G.-B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.-R.); (H.K.); (C.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Charley Walker
- INSERM, CNRS, ARNA, U1212, UMR 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (V.M.); (A.G.-B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.-R.); (H.K.); (C.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Louise Chevallier
- INSERM, CNRS, ARNA, U1212, UMR 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (V.M.); (A.G.-B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.-R.); (H.K.); (C.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Corinne Buré
- CNRS, INSERM, IECB, US1, UAR 3033, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France;
| | - Eric Largy
- CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France; (E.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France; (E.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91120 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Virginie Baylot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS UMR7258, Inserm U1068, Univ. Aix Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Jacky Ferrer
- INSERM UMR1312, BRIC, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.F.); (Y.I.); (E.C.); (D.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Yamina Idrissi
- INSERM UMR1312, BRIC, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.F.); (Y.I.); (E.C.); (D.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Edith Chevret
- INSERM UMR1312, BRIC, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.F.); (Y.I.); (E.C.); (D.C.); (V.D.)
| | - David Cappellen
- INSERM UMR1312, BRIC, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.F.); (Y.I.); (E.C.); (D.C.); (V.D.)
- Service Tumor Biology and Tumor Bank Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Bordeaux, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vanessa Desplat
- INSERM UMR1312, BRIC, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.F.); (Y.I.); (E.C.); (D.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Schelz
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
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2
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Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Jandoubi M, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. Targeting Proliferation Signals and the Cell Cycle Machinery in Acute Leukemias: Novel Molecules on the Horizon. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031224. [PMID: 36770891 PMCID: PMC9920029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferative signals and cell cycle dysregulation due to genomic or functional alterations are important drivers of the expansion of undifferentiated blast cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Therefore, they are largely studied as potential therapeutic targets in the field. We here present the most recent advancements in the evaluation of novel compounds targeting cell cycle proteins or oncogenic mechanisms, including those showing an antiproliferative effect in acute leukemia, independently of the identification of a specific target. Several new kinase inhibitors have been synthesized that showed effectiveness in a nanomolar to micromolar concentration range as inhibitors of FLT3 and its mutant forms, a highly attractive therapeutic target due to its driver role in a significant fraction of AML cases. Moreover, we introduce novel molecules functioning as microtubule-depolymerizing or P53-restoring agents, G-quadruplex-stabilizing molecules and CDK2, CHK1, PI3Kδ, STAT5, BRD4 and BRPF1 inhibitors. We here discuss their mechanisms of action, including the downstream intracellular changes induced by in vitro treatment, hematopoietic toxicity, in vivo bio-availability and efficacy in murine xenograft models. The promising activity profile demonstrated by some of these candidates deserves further development towards clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
- Fondazione Pisana per Scienza ONLUS, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, Italy
| | - Mouna Jandoubi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
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Guillon J, Cohen A, Boudot C, Monic S, Savrimoutou S, Moreau S, Albenque-Rubio S, Lafon-Schmaltz C, Dassonville-Klimpt A, Mergny JL, Ronga L, Bernabeu de Maria M, Lamarche J, Lago CD, Largy E, Gabelica V, Moukha S, Dozolme P, Agnamey P, Azas N, Mullié C, Courtioux B, Sonnet P. Design, Synthesis, and Antiprotozoal Evaluation of New Promising 2,9- Bis[(substituted-aminomethyl)]-4,7-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Derivatives, a Potential Alternative Scaffold to Drug Efflux. Pathogens 2022; 11:1339. [PMID: 36422591 PMCID: PMC9699089 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 2,9-bis[(substituted-aminomethyl)]-4,7-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro against three protozoan parasites (Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei brucei). Pharmacological results showed antiprotozoal activity with IC50 values in the sub and μM range. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity of these original molecules was assessed with human HepG2 cells. The substituted diphenylphenanthroline 1l was identified as the most potent antimalarial derivative with a ratio of cytotoxic to antiparasitic activities of 505.7 against the P. falciparum CQ-resistant strain W2. Against the promastigote forms of L. donovani, the phenanthrolines 1h, 1j, 1n and 1o were the most active with IC50 from 2.52 to 4.50 μM. The phenanthroline derivative 1o was also identified as the most potent trypanosomal candidate with a selectivity index (SI) of 91 on T. brucei brucei strain. FRET melting and native mass spectrometry experiments evidenced that the nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives bind the telomeric G-quadruplexes of P. falciparum and Trypanosoma. Moreover, as the telomeres of the parasites P. falciparum and Trypanosoma could be considered to be possible targets of this kind of nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives, their potential ability to stabilize the parasitic telomeric G-quadruplexes have been determined through the FRET melting assay and by native mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guillon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anita Cohen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aix-Marseille, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Clotilde Boudot
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, University of Limoges, INSERM U1094, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Sarah Monic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Solène Savrimoutou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Moreau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandra Albenque-Rubio
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Lafon-Schmaltz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Dassonville-Klimpt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), UR 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, University of Picardie Jules Verne, F-80037Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, F- 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Luisa Ronga
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, F-64012 Pau, France
| | | | - Jeremy Lamarche
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, F-64012 Pau, France
| | - Cristina Dal Lago
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Eric Largy
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Serge Moukha
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux (CRCTB), UMR U1045 INSERM, PTIB-Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, F-33600 Pessac, France
- INRAE Bordeaux Aquitaine, F- 33140 Villenave-d’Ornon, France
| | - Pascale Dozolme
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux (CRCTB), UMR U1045 INSERM, PTIB-Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, F-33600 Pessac, France
- INRAE Bordeaux Aquitaine, F- 33140 Villenave-d’Ornon, France
| | - Patrice Agnamey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), UR 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, University of Picardie Jules Verne, F-80037Amiens, France
| | - Nadine Azas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aix-Marseille, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Mullié
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), UR 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, University of Picardie Jules Verne, F-80037Amiens, France
| | - Bertrand Courtioux
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, University of Limoges, INSERM U1094, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Pascal Sonnet
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), UR 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, University of Picardie Jules Verne, F-80037Amiens, France
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4
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Synthesis and evaluation of 2,9-disubstituted-1,10-phenanthroline derivatives as G-quadruplex binders. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:116971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cantara A, Luo Y, Dobrovolná M, Bohalova N, Fojta M, Verga D, Guittat L, Cucchiarini A, Savrimoutou S, Häberli C, Guillon J, Keiser J, Brázda V, Mergny JL. G-quadruplexes in helminth parasites. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2719-2735. [PMID: 35234933 PMCID: PMC8934627 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminths infecting humans are highly prevalent infecting ∼2 billion people worldwide, causing inflammatory responses, malnutrition and anemia that are the primary cause of morbidity. In addition, helminth infections of cattle have a significant economic impact on livestock production, milk yield and fertility. The etiological agents of helminth infections are mainly Nematodes (roundworms) and Platyhelminths (flatworms). G-quadruplexes (G4) are unusual nucleic acid structures formed by G-rich sequences that can be recognized by specific G4 ligands. Here we used the G4Hunter Web Tool to identify and compare potential G4 sequences (PQS) in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of various helminths to identify G4 ligand targets. PQS are nonrandomly distributed in these genomes and often located in the proximity of genes. Unexpectedly, a Nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides, was found to be highly enriched in stable PQS. This species can tolerate high-stability G4 structures, which are not counter selected at all, in stark contrast to most other species. We experimentally confirmed G4 formation for sequences found in four different parasitic helminths. Small molecules able to selectively recognize G4 were found to bind to Schistosoma mansoni G4 motifs. Two of these ligands demonstrated potent activity both against larval and adult stages of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cantara
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yu Luo
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.,Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Michaela Dobrovolná
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Bohalova
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fojta
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Verga
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Lionel Guittat
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.,Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Anne Cucchiarini
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Solène Savrimoutou
- ARNA Laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Häberli
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean Guillon
- ARNA Laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Václav Brázda
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jean Louis Mergny
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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6
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Largy E, König A, Ghosh A, Ghosh D, Benabou S, Rosu F, Gabelica V. Mass Spectrometry of Nucleic Acid Noncovalent Complexes. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7720-7839. [PMID: 34587741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids have been among the first targets for antitumor drugs and antibiotics. With the unveiling of new biological roles in regulation of gene expression, specific DNA and RNA structures have become very attractive targets, especially when the corresponding proteins are undruggable. Biophysical assays to assess target structure as well as ligand binding stoichiometry, affinity, specificity, and binding modes are part of the drug development process. Mass spectrometry offers unique advantages as a biophysical method owing to its ability to distinguish each stoichiometry present in a mixture. In addition, advanced mass spectrometry approaches (reactive probing, fragmentation techniques, ion mobility spectrometry, ion spectroscopy) provide more detailed information on the complexes. Here, we review the fundamentals of mass spectrometry and all its particularities when studying noncovalent nucleic acid structures, and then review what has been learned thanks to mass spectrometry on nucleic acid structures, self-assemblies (e.g., duplexes or G-quadruplexes), and their complexes with ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Largy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alexander König
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Debasmita Ghosh
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sanae Benabou
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Rosu
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, UMS 3033, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
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