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Ramírez-Prada J, Rocha-Ortiz JS, Orozco MI, Moreno P, Guevara M, Barreto M, Burbano ME, Robledo S, Crespo-Ortiz MDP, Quiroga J, Abonia R, Cuartas V, Insuasty B. New pyridine-based chalcones and pyrazolines with anticancer, antibacterial, and antiplasmodial activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400081. [PMID: 38548680 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
New pyridine-based chalcones 4a-h and pyrazolines 5a-h (N-acetyl), 6a-h (N-phenyl), and 7a-h (N-4-chlorophenyl) were synthesized and evaluated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) against 60 different human cancer cell lines. Pyrazolines 6a, 6c-h, and 7a-h satisfied the pre-determined threshold inhibition criteria, obtaining that compounds 6c and 6f exhibited high antiproliferative activity, reaching submicromolar GI50 values from 0.38 to 0.45 μM, respectively. Moreover, compound 7g (4-CH3) exhibited the highest cytostatic activity of these series against different cancer cell lines from leukemia, nonsmall cell lung, colon, ovarian, renal, and prostate cancer, with LC50 values ranging from 5.41 to 8.35 μM, showing better cytotoxic activity than doxorubicin. Furthermore, the compounds were tested for antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities. Chalcone 4c was the most active with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 2 μg/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), while the pyrazoline 6h showed a MIC = 8 μg/mL against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. For anti-Plasmodium falciparum activity, the chalcones display higher activity with EC50 values ranging from 10.26 to 10.94 μg/mL. Docking studies were conducted against relevant proteins from P. falciparum, exhibiting the minimum binding energy with plasmepsin II. In vivo toxicity assay in Galleria mellonella suggests that most compounds are low or nontoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ramírez-Prada
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Juan S Rocha-Ortiz
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Marta I Orozco
- Biotechnology and Bacterial Infections Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Pedro Moreno
- Group of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Miguel Guevara
- Group of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Barreto
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria E Burbano
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Sara Robledo
- PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria Del Pilar Crespo-Ortiz
- Biotechnology and Bacterial Infections Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jairo Quiroga
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Abonia
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Viviana Cuartas
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Cali, Colombia
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2
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El-Dash Y, Khalil NA, Ahmed EM, Hassanin SO, Gowifel AMH, Hassan MSA. Synthesis of novel nicotinic acid derivatives of potential antioxidant and anticancer activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300250. [PMID: 37792247 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
This study comprises the design and synthesis of novel nicotinic acid-based cytotoxic agents with selective inhibitory efficacy against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Screening of novel compounds for cytotoxicity was assessed against 60 human cancer cell lines. The two most active compounds, 5b and 5c, and the reference drugs sorafenib and doxorubicin were investigated against HCT-15, PC-3, and CF-295 cancer cell lines. Compound 5c exhibited the highest cytotoxic potential compared to doxorubicin against the HCT-15 and PC-3 tumor cell lines. Moreover, it exhibited higher cytotoxic potential and selectivity toward the HCT-15 cell panel compared with sorafenib. Compound 5c demonstrated promising VEGFR-2 inhibition (concentration needed to inhibit cell viability by 50%, IC50 = 0.068 μM) and superior VEGFR-2 selectivity over the epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β enzymes. It also reduced the total and phosphorylated VEGFR-2 and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by a 4.3-fold rise in caspase-3 levels. The antioxidant potential of the new compounds was determined via measuring the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, among which compound 5c exhibited an SOD level almost comparable to ascorbic acid. These results suggested that compound 5c exhibited dual cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Docking of 5c into the VEGFR-2 pocket showed a similar binding mode to sorafenib. Moreover, the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) profile of 5c outlined drug-likeness. Finally, The density functional theory calculations displayed an increased binding affinity of 5c to the target enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara El-Dash
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Khalil
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soha O Hassanin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayah M H Gowifel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa S A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Anwer KE, El-Hddad SSA, Abd El-Sattar NEA, El-Morsy A, Khedr F, Mohamady S, Keshek DE, Salama SA, El-Adl K, Hanafy NS. Five and six membered heterocyclic rings endowed with azobenzene as dual EGFR T790M and VEGFR-2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, in silico ADMET profile, molecular docking, dynamic simulation and anticancer evaluations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35321-35338. [PMID: 38053688 PMCID: PMC10695193 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06614b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel azobenzene scaffold-joined heterocyclic isoxazole, pyrazole, triazole, and/or triazine moieties have been developed and synthesized utilizing microwave and traditional methods. Our compounds were tested for growth inhibition of A549, MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG2 tumors by dual targeting the VEGFR-2 and EGFRT790M enzymes. The suggested compound's manner of binding with EGFRT790M and VEGFR-2 active sites was explored through molecular design and MD modeling. The information from the results of the biological screening and the docking studies was highly correlated. The A549 cell line was the one that responded to the novel compound's effects most effectively. Having IC50 values of 5.15, 6.37, 8.44 and 6.23 μM, respectively, 14 was the most effective derivative on the four A549, MCF-7, HCT116 and HepG2 cancer cells. It had greater activity than erlotinib and slightly inferior activities on the tested cell lines than sorafenib, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the most effective derivatives, 5, 6, 10 and 14, was evaluated against typical VERO cell lines. Having IC50 values ranging from 42.32 to 55.20 μM, the results showed that the investigated drugs have modest toxicity against VERO normal cells. Additionally all derivatives were assessed for their dual VEGFR-2 and EGFRT790M inhibitory effects. Among them, derivatives 14, 5 and 10 were established as the greatest inhibitors of VEGFR-2 at IC50 values of 0.95, 1.25 and 1.50 μM correspondingly. As well, derivatives 14, 6, 5 and 10 could inhibit EGFRT790M activity demonstrating strongest effects with IC50 = 0.25, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.50 μM respectively. Furthermore, the ADMET profile was evaluated for compounds 5, 6, 10 and 14 in contrast to reference drugs sorafenib and erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurls E Anwer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Nour E A Abd El-Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo Egypt
- Basic & Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alryada University for Science & Technology Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Morsy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University Najaf Iraq
| | - Fathalla Khedr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Nasr City 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Samy Mohamady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt Cairo Egypt
| | - Doaa E Keshek
- Department of Biology, Jumum College University, Umm Al-Qura University P.O. Box 7388 Makkah 21955 Sudia Arabia
- Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Samir A Salama
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Nasr City 11884 Cairo Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development Cairo Egypt
| | - Noura S Hanafy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development Cairo Egypt
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Bui TTT, Mac DH, Quang Trung P, Pham CT. Crystal structure of 4-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-6-phenyl-1,2-di-hydro-pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2023; 79:1076-1078. [PMID: 37936842 PMCID: PMC10626956 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023009180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and crystal structure of the title compound, C22H14N2O, are described. The title compound was synthesized by a three-component one-pot reaction in DMSO involving chalcone, cyano-acetamide and elemental sulfur as catalyst. The compound was characterized by spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure consists of inversion-related dimers produced by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding, which further inter-act through π-π contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Thanh Thu Bui
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Hung Mac
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Quang Trung
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chien Thang Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
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5
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Elkaeed EB, Yousef RG, Elkady H, Mehany ABM, Alsfouk BA, Husein DZ, Ibrahim IM, Metwaly AM, Eissa IH. In silico, in vitro VEGFR-2 inhibition, and anticancer activity of a 3-(hydrazonomethyl)naphthalene-2-ol derivative. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7986-8001. [PMID: 36184591 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2127907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
Abstract
In agreement with the general features of VEGFR-2 inhibitors, a new naphthalene analog (compound 7) has been designed and synthesized. The inhibitory potential of compound 7 was indicated by the proper binding and the perfect energy of -21.10 kcal/mol compared to sorafenib (-21.22) in the molecular docking studies. Next, six MD simulation studies over 100 ns (RMSD, RMSF, SASA, RoG, hydrogen bonding, and distance between the center of mass) confirmed the accurate interaction of compound 7 with the catalytic pocket of VEGFR-2. Similarly, an MM-GBSA established proper binding showing an exact total binding energy of -36.95 ± 3.03 kcal/Mol. Additionally, the MM-GBSA experiment indicated the vital amino acids in the binding process. Types and number of interactions of compound 7 with catalytic pocket of VEGFR-2 were determined through Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiler (PLIP). As a new compound, the DFT was employed to optimize the molecular structure of compound 7. The DFT experiments also verified the interaction features of compound 7 with the VEGFR-2 active site. In silico ADMET experiments revealed the general drug-likeness of compound 7. Fascinatingly, the in vitro examinations were consistent with the in silico experiments as compound 7 inhibited the VEGFR-2 enzyme with an IC50 value of 37 nM. Captivatingly, compound 7 inhibited both MCF-7 and HCT 116 cancer cells exhibiting IC50 values of 10.56 and 7.07 µM exhibiting excellent selectivity indexes of 9.04 and 13.50, respectively.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda G Yousef
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bshra A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Z Husein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharja, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Taruneshwar Jha K, Shome A, Chahat, Chawla PA. Recent advances in nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer: Biological activity and structural activity relationship. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106680. [PMID: 37336103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Erratic cell proliferation is the initial symptom of cancer, which can eventually metastasize to other organs. Before cancer becomes metastatic, its spread is triggered by pro-angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and Platelet Factor (PF4), all of which are part of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are cell-surface proteins and aresignaling enzymes that transfer ATP-phosphate to tyrosine residue substrates. Important biological processes like proliferation, differentiation, motility, and cell-cycle regulation are all possessedby these proteins. Unusual RTK expression is typically associated with cell growth abnormalities, which is linked to tumor acquisition, angiogenesis, and cancer progression. In addition to the already available medications, numerous other heterocyclic are being studied for their potential action against a variety of cancers. In the fight against cancer, in particular, these heterocycles have been used for their dynamic core scaffold and their inherent adaptability. In this review article, we have compiled last five years research work including nitrogen containing heterocycles that have targeted RTK. Herein, the SAR and activity of various compounds containing diverse heterocyclic (pyrimidine, indole, pyridine, pyrazole, benzimidazole, and pyrrole) scaffolds are discussed, and they may prove useful in the future for designing new leads against RTKs. Our focus in this manuscript is to comprehensively review the latest research on the biological activity and structural activity relationship of nitrogen compounds as RTK inhibitors. We believe that this may be an important contribution to the field, as it can help guide future research efforts and facilitate the development of more effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Taruneshwar Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Abhimannu Shome
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Chahat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India.
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Nguyen BN, Tran MH, Bui TTT, Mac DH, Pham VP, Retailleau P, Nguyen TB. Sulfur-Promoted Oxidative Condensation of Chalcones with Unsubstituted Cyanoacetamide in DMSO: Access to 3-Cyanopyrid-2-ones. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37470501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur and DABCO were found to be an excellent combination to promote a one-pot cascade of condensation-oxidative cyclization of chalcones and unsubstituted cyanoacetamide in DMSO to provide 3-cyanopyrid-2-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bich Ngoc Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Hieu Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thai Thanh Thu Bui
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dinh Hung Mac
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Phong Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, Av de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, Av de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
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8
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Saleh AM, Mahdy HA, El-Zahabi MA, Mehany ABM, Khalifa MM, Eissa IH. Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives as potential anti-proliferative agents, VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptotic inducers. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22122-22147. [PMID: 37492514 PMCID: PMC10363774 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04182d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives bearing benzylidene and hydrazone moieties with different linkers (spacers) were designed and synthesized as possible inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against two human cancer cell lines namely colon cancer (HCT-116) and breast cancer (MCF-7) using sorafenib as a standard anticancer drug. Compounds 9d, 11e, 12b, and 12d showed higher cytotoxic activities than sorafenib with IC50 values ranging from 1.14 to 10.33 μM. In particular, compound 11e exhibited excellent activities against HCT-116 and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 1.14 and 1.54 μM, respectively. Moreover, compound 11e exhibited about 47.32-fold cytotoxic activity against normal human fibroblast (WI-38) cells, lower than the cytotoxicity against the cancer cells. Compounds 11e and 12b were the most potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.61 and 0.53 μM, respectively, compared to sorafenib. Bedsides, compound 11e arrested the HCT-116 cell growth at S and sub-G1 phases, induced a significant increase in the apoptotic cells, and caused remarkable decrease in the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and caspase-3. Finally, the binding patterns of the target derivatives were investigated through the docking study against the proposed molecular target (VEGFR-2, PDB ID 1YWN). The results of molecular docking studies showed similar binding modes to sorafenib against VEGFR-2. In addition, molecular dynamic simulations revealed the stability of compound 11e in the active site for 100 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman M Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ayman El-Zahabi
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
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9
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Gouda MAS, Salem MAI, Marzouk MI, Mahmoud NFH, Ismail MF. Synthesis, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Evaluation, Molecular Docking and DFT Studies of Some Novel Coumarin and Fused Coumarin Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300706. [PMID: 37321977 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
N'-[(4-Chloro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)methylene]-2-cyanoacetohydrazide (3) was synthesized in excellent yield from the condensation of 4-Chloro-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde with cyanoacetohydrazide. Compound 3 was utilized as a building block to synthesize novel coumarin and heterocycle-fused coumarin derivatives. The chemical structures of all the new coumarin compounds were identified by spectral analyses. Some of the new coumarins compounds were screened in human cancer cell lines (HEPG-2, MCF-7, HCT-116 and PC-3) to learn about their cytotoxic effects in addition to the study of their DNA damage and antioxidant activity. Three of these compounds exhibited remarkable antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. Moreover, they have the capability to protect DNA from damage induced by bleomycin. Molecular docking, DFT and molecular electrostatic potential studies were performed on the compounds in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A S Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mounir A I Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda I Marzouk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F H Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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S V, Kajal K, Mondal S, Wahan SK, Das Kurmi B, Das Gupta G, Patel P. Novel VEGFR-2 Kinase Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents: A Review Focusing on SAR and Molecular Docking Studies (2016-2021). Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200847. [PMID: 36721068 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer growth, annexation, and metastatic spread are all aided by the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). The commencement of the VEGF pathway leads to signal transduction that enhances endothelial cell survival, relocation, and divergence from pre-existing vasculature. The ability of solid malignancies to bloom and spread depends critically on their ability to establish their independent blood circulation (tumor angiogenesis). VEGFR is a major receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates angiogenesis, cell growth, and metastasis, diminishing apoptosis, cytoskeletal function, and other biological processes VEGFR has proven to be a remarkable focus for a variety of anticancer medicines in clinical studies. This Review explores the development of anti-VEGF-based antiangiogenic therapies having different scaffolds. This review had focused on SAR and docking studies of previously reported molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Kajal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sitanshu Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Simranpreet K Wahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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11
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Elkady H, Elwan A, El-Mahdy HA, Doghish AS, Ismail A, Taghour MS, Elkaeed EB, Eissa IH, Dahab MA, Mahdy HA, Khalifa MM. New benzoxazole derivatives as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers: design, synthesis, anti-proliferative evaluation, flowcytometric analysis, and in silico studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:397-410. [PMID: 34961427 PMCID: PMC8725875 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2015343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of benzoxazole derivatives were designed and synthesised to have the main essential pharmacophoric features of VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Cytotoxic activities were evaluated for all derivatives against two human cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2. Also, the effect of the most cytotoxic derivatives on VEGFR-2 protein concentration was assessed by ELISA. Compounds 14o, 14l, and 14b showed the highest activities with VEGFR-2 protein concentrations of 586.3, 636.2, and 705.7 pg/ml, respectively. Additionally, the anti-angiogenic property of compound 14b against human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) was performed using a wound healing migration assay. Compound 14b reduced proliferation and migratory potential of HUVEC cells. Furthermore, compound 14b was subjected to further biological investigations including cell cycle and apoptosis analyses. Compound 14b arrested the HepG2 cell growth at the Pre-G1 phase and induced apoptosis by 16.52%, compared to 0.67% in the control (HepG2) cells. The effect of apoptosis was buttressed by a 4.8-fold increase in caspase-3 level compared to the control cells. Besides, different in silico docking studies were also performed to get better insights into the possible binding mode of the target compounds with VEGFR-2 active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Elwan
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A. El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S. Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem A. Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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( E)- N-(3-(1-(2-(4-(2,2,2-Trifluoroacetamido)benzoyl)hydrazono)ethyl)phenyl)nicotinamide: A Novel Pyridine Derivative for Inhibiting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2: Synthesis, Computational, and Anticancer Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227719. [PMID: 36431818 PMCID: PMC9697799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(E)-N-(3-(1-(2-(4-(2,2,2-Trifluoroacetamido)benzoyl)hydrazono)ethyl)phenyl)nicotinamide (compound 10) was designed as an antiangiogenic VEGFR-2 inhibitor with the essential pharmacophoric structural properties to interact with the catalytic pocket of VEGFR-2. The designed derivative was synthesized, and its structure was confirmed through Ms, elemental, 1H, and 13C spectral data. The potentiality of the designed pyridine derivative to bind with and inhibit the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) enzyme was indicated by molecular docking assessments. In addition, six molecular dynamic (MD) experiments proved its correct binding with VEGFR-2 over 100 ns. Additionally, the molecular mechanics energies, combined with the generalized born and surface area (MM-GBSA) analysis, identified the precise binding with optimum energy. To explore the stability and reactivity of the designed pyridine derivative, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, including electrostatic potential maps and total electron density, were carried out. Additionally, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis demonstrated its general likeness and its safety. The designed compound was synthesized to evaluate its effects against VEGFR-2 protein, cancer, and normal cells. The in vitro results were concordant with the in silico results, because the new pyridine derivative (compound 10) displayed VEGFR-2 inhibition with an IC50 value of 65 nM and displayed potent cytotoxic properties against hepatic (HepG2) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 21.00 and 26.10 μM, respectively; additionally, it exhibited high selectivity indices against the normal cell lines (W-38) of 1.55 and 1.25, respectively. The obtained results present compound 10 as a new lead VEGFR-2 inhibitor for further biological investigation and chemical modifications.
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13
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Elkaeed EB, Yousef RG, Khalifa MM, Ibrahim A, Mehany ABM, Gobaara IMM, Alsfouk BA, Eldehna WM, Metwaly AM, Eissa IH, El-Zahabi MA. Discovery of New VEGFR-2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Anti-Proliferative Evaluation, Docking, and MD Simulation Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196203. [PMID: 36234734 PMCID: PMC9571953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new nicotinamide-based derivatives were designed as antiangiogenic VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The congeners were synthesized possessing the pharmacophoric essential features to bind correctly with the VEGFR-2 active pocket. All members were evaluated for their cytotoxic and VEGFR-2 inhibitory potentialities. Compound 6 was the most potent showingIC50 values of 9.3 ± 0.02 and 7.8 ± 0.025 µM against HCT-116 and HepG-2 cells, respectively, and IC50 of 60.83 nM regarding VEGFR-2 enzyme inhibition. Compound 6 arrested the growth of HCT-116 cells at the pre-G1 and G2-M phases. Further, it induced both early and late apoptosis. Additionally, compound 6 caused a significant decrease in TNF-α and IL6 by 66.42% and 57.34%, respectively. The considered compounds had similar docking performances to that of sorafenib against the VEGFR-2 (PDB ID: 2OH4). The correct binding of compound 6 with VEGFR-2 was validated using MD simulations, and MM-GPSA calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda G. Yousef
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Albaraa Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B. M. Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | | | - Bshra A. Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: authors: (I.H.E.); (M.A.E.-Z.)
| | - Mohamed Ayman El-Zahabi
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: authors: (I.H.E.); (M.A.E.-Z.)
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14
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The Assessment of Anticancer and VEGFR-2 Inhibitory Activities of a New 1H-Indole Derivative: In Silico and In Vitro Approaches. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corresponding to the reported features of anti-VEGFR-2-approved compounds, a new 1H-indole derivative (compound 7) was designed. The inhibitory potential of the designed compound was revealed via a molecular docking study that showed the appropriate binding. Then, MD simulation (six studies) over a period of 100 ns was performed to confirm the precise binding and optimum energy. Additionally, MM-GBSA reaffirmed the perfect binding, exhibiting a total precise energy of −40.38 Kcal/Mol. The MM-GBSA experiments named the essential amino acids in the protein–ligand interaction, employing the binding energy decomposition and revealing the diversity of interactions of compound 7 inside the VEGFR-2 enzyme. As compound 7 is new, DFT experiments were utilized for molecular structure optimization. Additionally, the DFT results validated the coherent interaction of compound 7 with the VEGFR-2 enzyme. A good value of drug-likeness of compound 7 was acknowledged via in silico ADMET studies. Interestingly, the experimental in vitro prohibitory potential of compound 7 was better than that of sorafenib, demonstrating an IC50 value of 25 nM. Notably, the strong inhibitory effects of compound 10 against two cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and HCT 116) were established with IC50 values of 12.93 and 11.52 μM, disclosing high selectivity indexes of 6.7 and 7.5, respectively.
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15
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Desai N, Monapara J, Jethawa A, Khedkar V, Shingate B. Oxadiazole: A highly versatile scaffold in drug discovery. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200123. [PMID: 35575467 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As a pharmacologically important heterocycle, oxadiazole paved the way to combat the problem associated with the confluence of many commercially available drugs with different pharmacological profiles. The present review focuses on the potential applications of five-membered heterocyclic oxadiazole derivatives, especially 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole, as therapeutic agents. Designing new hybrid molecules containing the oxadiazole moiety is a better solution for the development of new drug molecules. The designed molecules may accumulate a biological profile better than those of the drugs currently available on the market. The present review will guide the way for researchers in the field of medicinal chemistry to design new biologically active molecules based on the oxadiazole nucleus. Antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of various oxadiazoles have been reviewed extensively here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jahnvi Monapara
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Aratiba Jethawa
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay Khedkar
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bapurao Shingate
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
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16
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El-Adl K, Sakr HM, Yousef RG, Mehany ABM, Abulkhair HS, Eissa IH. New quinoxalin-2(1H)-one-derived VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, in vitro anticancer evaluations, in silico ADMET, and docking studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200048. [PMID: 35437829 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
More than 70% of cancer patients who are treated with chemotherapeutics do not show a durable response. As part of the global plan seeking new effective chemotherapeutics, here, we report the synthesis and in vitro and computational studies of new lenvatinib and sorafenib analog quinoxalines as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor II (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The central quinolone and pyridine moieties of the Food and Drug Administration-approved anticancer agents lenvatinib and sorafenib were replaced with the versatile quinoxaline scaffold that has been exploited for developing potent cytotoxic agents. With some minor structural optimizations, all the other pharmacophoric features of lenvatinib and sorafenib were maintained. Accordingly, three new sets of quinoxalines were synthesized to evaluate their activity against liver, colorectal, and breast malignancies. The results obtained in the in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation study revealed the superior activity of three derivatives (20, 25, and 29) compared with that of doxorubicin and sorafenib. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling and docking of 20, 25, and 29 into the VEGFR-2 receptor were also performed. Results of in silico studies showed the potential of the designed compounds to bind effectively with a number of key residues. The obtained in vitro cytotoxic activity and ADMET profiles of compounds 20, 25, and 29 suggested that they should be subjected to further structural optimizations to develop new candidates in cancer treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helmy M Sakr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda G Yousef
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Eissa IH, Ibrahim MK, Alesawy MS, El-Adl K. Antiproliferative evaluations of triazoloquinazolines as classical DNA intercalators: Design, synthesis, ADMET profile, and molecular docking. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100487. [PMID: 35194810 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel triazoloquinazolines were designed and synthesized and evaluated as anticancer agents against HepG2 and HCT-116 cells. The biological testing data corresponded well to those of the molecular docking studies. The HCT-116 cell line was most affected due to the actions of our derivatives. Derivative 7a was the most potent one against both HepG2 and HCT116 cells, with IC50 = 7.98 and 5.57 µM, respectively. This compound showed anticancer activity that was nearly equipotent to that of doxorubicin against HepG2 cells, but higher than that of doxorubicin against HCT116 cells (IC50 = 7.94 and 8.07 µM, respectively). Compounds 8, 7b , and 6f showed excellent anticancer activities against both the HCT116 and HepG2 cell lines. The highly active compounds 6f , 7a , 7b , and 8 were evaluated for their DNA-binding activities. Compounds 7a and 8 showed the highest binding activities. These derivatives potently intercalate in DNA, at IC50 values of 42.90 and 48.13 µM, respectively. Derivatives 6f and 7b showed good DNA-binding activities, with IC50 values of 54.24 and 50.56 µM, respectively. Furthermore, in silico calculated ADMET profiles were established for our four highly active derivatives, in comparison to doxorubicin. Our derivatives 6f , 7a , 7b , and 8 showed a very good ADMET profile. Compounds 6f , 7a , 7b , and 8 follow Lipinski's rules, while doxorubicin violates three of these rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed-Kamal Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Alesawy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Abdelgawad MA, El-Adl K, El-Hddad SSA, Elhady MM, Saleh NM, Khalifa MM, Khedr F, Alswah M, Nayl AA, Ghoneim MM, Abd El-Sattar NEA. Design, Molecular Docking, Synthesis, Anticancer and Anti-Hyperglycemic Assessments of Thiazolidine-2,4-diones Bearing Sulfonylthiourea Moieties as Potent VEGFR-2 Inhibitors and PPARγ Agonists. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020226. [PMID: 35215339 PMCID: PMC8880361 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly designed thiazolidine-2,4-diones 3–7a–c were synthesized, and their anticancer activities were screened against three cancer lines. They showed potent activities against HepG2 compared to the other HCT116 and MCF-7 tumor cell lines. Compounds 7c and 6c were detected as highly effective derivatives against MCF-7 (IC50 = 7.78 and 8.15 µM), HCT116 (IC50 = 5.77 and 7.11 µM) and HepG2 (IC50 = 8.82 and 8.99 µM). The highly effective derivatives 6a–c and 7a–c were tested against VERO normal cell lines. All derivatives were evaluated for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory actions and demonstrated high to low activities, with IC50 values varying from 0.08 to 0.93 µM. Moreover, derivatives 5a–c, 6a–c and 7a–c were assessed to verify their in vitro binding affinities to PPARγ and insulin-secreting activities. Finally, docking studies were performed to explore their affinities and binding modes toward both VEGFR-2 and PPARγ receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (F.K.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo 11785, Egypt
- Correspondence: or or
| | | | - Mostafa M. Elhady
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Nashwa M. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo 11754, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Fathalla Khedr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Mohamed Alswah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - AbdElAziz A. Nayl
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nour E. A. Abd El-Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
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19
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Alesawy MS, Ibrahim M, Eissa IH, El‐Adl K. Design, synthesis, in silico ADMET, docking, and antiproliferative evaluations of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐
c
]quinazolines as classical DNA intercalators. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100412. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Alesawy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed‐Kamal Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Khaled El‐Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development Cairo Egypt
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20
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Sorokin SP, Fedoseev SV, Ershov OV. Effect of a Substituent in the Fourth Position on the Optical Properties of 2-Oxonicotinonitriles. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022; 92:2500-2506. [PMCID: PMC9746578 DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on six representatives of 2-oxonicotinonitriles, the effect of the nature of the substituent in the fourth position of the pyridine system on the photophysical characteristics was studied. The role of the donor/acceptor nature of the substituent and the solvent nature in the absorbing and fluorescent properties of the compounds was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Sorokin
- I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia
| | - S. V. Fedoseev
- I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia
| | - O. V. Ershov
- I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia
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21
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Khalifa MM, Al-Karmalawy AA, Elkaeed EB, Nafie MS, Tantawy MA, Eissa IH, Mahdy HA. Topo II inhibition and DNA intercalation by new phthalazine-based derivatives as potent anticancer agents: design, synthesis, anti-proliferative, docking, and in vivo studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:299-314. [PMID: 34894955 PMCID: PMC8667898 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2007905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This research presents the design and synthesis of a novel series of phthalazine derivatives as Topo II inhibitors, DNA intercalators, and cytotoxic agents. In vitro testing of the new compounds against HepG-2, MCF-7, and HCT-116 cell lines confirmed their potent cytotoxic activity with low IC50 values. Topo II inhibition and DNA intercalating activities were evaluated for the most cytotoxic members. IC50 values determination demonstrated Topo II inhibitory activities and DNA intercalating affinities of the tested compounds at a micromolar level. Amongst, compound 9d was the most potent member. It inhibited Topo II enzyme at IC50 value of 7.02 ± 0.54 µM with DNA intercalating IC50 of 26.19 ± 1.14 µM. Compound 9d was then subjected to an in vivo antitumor examination. It inhibited tumour proliferation reducing solid tumour volume and mass. Additionally, it restored liver enzymes, proteins, and CBC parameters near-normal, indicating a remarkable amelioration in their functions along with histopathological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Tantawy
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt.,Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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El-Adl K, Abdel-Rahman AAH, Omar AM, Alswah M, Saleh NM. Design, synthesis, anticancer, and docking of some S- and/or N-heterocyclic derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100237. [PMID: 34862655 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel heterocyclic derivatives (4-22) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated against hepatocellular carcinoma type (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells, targeting the VEGFR-2 enzyme. Compounds 18, 10, 13, 11, and 14 were found to be the most potent derivatives against both the HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, with GI50 = 2.11, 2.54 µM, 3.16, 3.64 µM, 3.24, 6.99 µM, 7.41, 6.49 µM and 8.08, 10.46 µM, respectively. Compounds 18 and 10 showed higher activities against both HepG2 and MCF-7 cells than sorafenib (GI50 = 9.18, 5.47 µM, respectively) and doxorubicin (GI50 = 7.94, 8.07 µM, respectively). Compounds 13, 11, and 14 showed higher activities than sorafenib against HepG2 cancer cells, but lower activities against MCF-7 cells. Compounds 18, 13, and 10 were more potent than sorafenib, inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) at GI50 values of 0.05, 0.06, and 0.08 µM, respectively. Compound 11 inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.10 µM, which is equipotent to sorafenib. Compound 14 inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.11 µM, which is nearly equipotent to sorafenib. The tested compounds have more selectivity against cancer cell lines. Compounds 18, 10, 13, 11, and 14 are, respectively, 16.76, 9.24, 6.06, 2.78, and 2.85 times more toxic in HePpG2 cancer cells than in VERO normal cells. Also, compounds 18, 10, 13, 11, and 14 are, respectively, 14.07, 8.02, 2.81, 3.18, and 2.20 times more toxic in MCF-7 than in VERO normal cells. The most active compounds, 10, 13, and 18, showed a good ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa M Omar
- Chemistry Department, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alswah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nashwa M Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Levchenko AG, Dahno PG, Chikava AR, Dotsenko VV, Aksenov NA, Aksenova IV. Methylene Components Exchange in the Reaction of Cyanoacetohydrazide with 2-Amino-4-arylbuta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitriles. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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El-Adl K, Ibrahim MK, Khedr F, Abulkhair HS, Eissa IH. Design, synthesis, docking, and anticancer evaluations of phthalazines as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100278. [PMID: 34596910 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty new N-substituted-4-phenylphthalazin-1-amine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activities against HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cells as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. HCT-116 was the most sensitive cell line to the influence of the new derivatives. In particular, compound 7f was found to be the most potent derivative among all the tested compounds against the three cancer cell lines, with 50% inhibition concentration, IC50 = 3.97, 4.83, and 4.58 µM, respectively, which is more potent than both sorafenib (IC50 = 9.18, 5.47, and 7.26 µM, respectively) and doxorubicin (IC50 = 7.94, 8.07, and 6.75 µM, respectively). Fifteen of the synthesized derivatives were selected to evaluate their inhibitory activities against VEGFR-2. Compound 7f was found to be the most potent derivative that inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.08 µM, which is more potent than sorafenib (IC50 = 0.10 µM). Compound 8c inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.10 µM, which is equipotent to sorafenib. Moreover, compound 7a showed very good activity with IC50 values of 0.11 µM, which is nearly equipotent to sorafenib. In addition, compounds 7d, 7c, and 7g possessed very good VEGFR-2-inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 0.14, 0.17, and 0.23 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, El Salam City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Recent developments in mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105161. [PMID: 34328852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) belongs to group of kinase that links the extracellular stimuli to intracellular response. The MAPK signalling pathway (RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK) involved in different pathological conditions like cancer, caused due to genetic or any other factor such as physical or environmental. Many studies have been conducted on the pathological view of MAPK cascade and its associated element like RAS, RAF, MEK, ERK or its isoforms, and still the research is going on particularly with respect to its activation, regulation and inhibition. The MAPK signalling pathway has become the area of research to identify new target for the management of cancer. A number of heterocyclics are key to fight with the cancer associated with these enzymes thus give some hope in the management of cancer by inhibiting MAPK cascade. In the present article, we have focussed on MAPK signalling pathway and role of different heterocyclic scaffolds bearing nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen and about their potential to block MAPK signalling pathway. The heterocyclics are gaining importance due to high potency and selectivity with less off-target effects against different targets involved in the MAPK signalling pathway. We have tried to cover recent advancements in the MAPK signalling pathway inhibitors with an aim to get better understanding of the mechanism of action of the compounds. Several compounds in the preclinical and clinical studies have been thoroughly dealt with. In addition to the synthetic compounds, a significant number of natural products containing heterocyclic moieties as MAPK signalling pathway inhibitors have been put together. The structure activity relationship along with docking studies have been discussed to apprehend the mechanistic studies of various compounds that will ultimately help to design and develop more MAPK signalling pathway inhibitors.
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26
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Eliwa EM, Frese M, Halawa AH, Soltan MM, Ponomareva LV, Thorson JS, Shaaban KA, Shaaban M, El-Agrody AM, Sewald N. Metal-free domino amination-Knoevenagel condensation approach to access new coumarins as potent nanomolar inhibitors of VEGFR-2 and EGFR. GREEN CHEMISTRY LETTERS AND REVIEWS 2021; 14:578-599. [PMID: 35821884 PMCID: PMC9273165 DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2021.1981462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free, atom-economy and simple work-up domino amination-Knoevenagel condensation approach to construct new coumarin analogous (4a-f and 8a-e) was described. Further, new formyl (5a,d-f) and nitro (9a,d-f) coumarin derivatives were synthesized via C-N coupling reaction of various cyclic secondary amines and 4-chloro-3-(formyl-/nitro)coumarins (1a,c), respectively. The confirmed compounds were screened for their in vitro anti-proliferative activity against KB-3-1, A549 and PC3 human cancer cell lines using resazurin cellular-based assay. Among them, coumarin derivatives 4e and 8e displayed the best anti-cervical cancer potency (KB-3-1) with IC50 values of 15.5 ± 3.54 and 21 ± 4.24 μM, respectively. Also, 4e showed the most promising cytotoxicity toward A549 with IC50 value of 12.94 ± 1.51 μM. As well, 9d presented a more significant impact of potency against PC3 with IC50 7.31 ± 0.48 μM. Moreover, 8d manifested selectivity against PC3 (IC50 = 20.16 ± 0.07 μM), while 8e was selective toward KB-3-1 cell line (IC50 = 21 ± 4.24 μM). Matching with docking profile, the enzymatic assay divulged that 8e is a dual potent single-digit nanomolar inhibitor of VEGFR-2 and EGFR with IC50 values of 24.67 nM and 31.6 nM that were almost equipotent to sorafenib (31.08 nM) and erlotinib (26.79 nM), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M. Eliwa
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ahmed H. Halawa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M. Soltan
- Biology Unit, Central Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre Cairo, Egypt
| | - Larissa V. Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Khaled A. Shaaban
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Mohamed Shaaban
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki-Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Agrody
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo, Egypt
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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