Simultaneous analysis of oxytetracycline hydrochloride, lidocaine, and bromhexine hydrochloride in the presence of many interfering excipients

An isocratic RP-HPLC-UV method for simultaneous quantification of tizanidine and lidocaine: application to in vitro release studies of a subcutaneous implant

Implantable devices have been widely investigated to improve the treatment of multiple diseases. Even with low drug loadings, these devices can achieve effective delivery and increase patient compliance by minimizing potential side effects, consequently enhancing the quality of life of the patients. Moreover, multi-drug products are emerging in the pharmaceutical field, capable of treating more than one ailment concurrently. Therefore, a simple analytical method is essential for detecting and quantifying different analytes used in formulation development and evaluation. Here, we present, for the first time, an isocratic method for tizanidine hydrochloride (TZ) and lidocaine (LD) loaded into a subcutaneous implant, utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with a UV detector. These implants have the potential to treat muscular spasticity while providing pain relief for several days after implantation. Chromatographic separation of the two drugs was accomplished using a C18 column, with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% TFA in water and MeOH in a 58 : 42 ratio, flowing at 0.7 ml min-1. The method exhibited specificity and robustness, providing accurate and precise results. It displayed linearity within the range of 0.79 to 100 μg ml-1, with an R2 value of 1 for the simultaneous analysis of TZ and LD. The developed method demonstrated selectivity, offering limits of detection and quantification of 0.16 and 0.49 μg ml-1 for TZ, and 0.30 and 0.93 μg ml-1 for LD, respectively. Furthermore, the solution containing both TZ and LD proved stable under various storage conditions. While this study applied the method to assess an implant device, it has broader applicability for analysing and quantifying the in vitro drug release of TZ and LD from diverse dosage forms in preclinical settings.

Ecofriendly single-step HPLC and TLC methods for concurrent analysis of ternary antifungal mixture in their pharmaceutical products

Two accurate, sensitive, and selective methods for simultaneous determination of miconazole nitrate (MIC), nystatin (NYS), and metronidazole (MET) in pure state or drug product were established and verified. First, RP-HPLC-DAD was designed. Separation was accomplished using a ZOBRAX Eclipse Plus RP-C8 column that was running under an isocratic elution of methanol: 0.05% aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulphate (40: 60 v/v), with a flow rate that was regulated at 0.8 mL/min. The column temperature was adjusted at 25 °C and diode array detector was monitored at 220 nm. The linearity range of the proposed method was achieved at the concentration of 5-50, 4-50, and 4-40 µg/mL and the attained retention time for the studied drugs was 2.52, 3.52 and 4.99 min for MIC, NYS, and MET, correspondingly. Second, a TLC-densitometric approach was used to resolve the three compounds. Resolution of the three cited drugs was carried out using TLC aluminum plates pre-coated with 0.25 mm silica gel 60 F254. A developing solvent comprised ethyl acetate: toluene: methanol: triethyl amine: formic acid (3: 1: 7: 0.3: 0.1 by volume) (pH = 5.5) was utilized and scanning of the resolved bands at 215 nm. Linearity of the developed TLC method was evaluated and evident to be 0.4-2, 0.4-2.2, and 0.4-2 μg/band for MIC, NYS, and MET, in that order. The suggested chromatographic methods were verified according to ICH directives. The findings of the developed chromatographic procedures were statistically compared with the results of the reported ones using student's t-test and F-test. Furthermore, two green assessment tools evaluated the indicated methods' level of greenness (GAPI and AGREE).

LC-MS/MS approach for simultaneous assessment of hyoscine N-butyl bromide and ketoprofen in biological fluids and pharmaceuticals

The mixture of hyoscine N-butyl bromide (HBB) and ketoprofen (KTP) is commonly used for the handling of abdominal spasms and pain relief. There are two challenges that restrict the simultaneous assessment of HBB and KTP in biological fluids and pharmaceuticals. The first issue is the difficulty of elution of HBB and the second one is the presence of KTP as a racemic mixture in all pharmaceutical formulations, which obscures its appearance as a single peak. An ultrasensitive and highly efficient liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method is designed and validated for the first concurrent assessment of HBB and KTP in spiked human serum and urine, and pharmaceutical formulations. The estimated linearity ranges for HBB and KTP were respectively, 0.5-500 and 0.05-500 ng/ml, with excellent correlation coefficients. Validation results showed that the value of relative standard deviations were <2% for HBB and KTP. The mean extraction recoveries for HBB and KTP were, respectively, 91.04 and 97.83% in Spasmofen® ampoules; 95.89 and 97.00% in spiked serum; and 97.31 and 95.63% in spiked urine. The presented innovative chromatographic approach was utilized for the measurement of trace amounts of coexisting pharmaceuticals in pharmacokinetics studies and routine therapeutic medication monitoring.

A new green approach for the reduction of consumed solvents and simultaneous quality control analysis of several pharmaceuticals using a fast and economic RP-HPLC method; a case study for a mixture of piracetam, ketoprofen and omeprazole drugs

One of the main aims of green analytical chemistry (GAC) is the reduction of solvents and chemicals consumed. Recycling the mobile phase in chromatographic techniques provides an efficient way to implement GAC principles. However, this is not an easy job, particularly in the case of the gradient mode. Analysis of multi-pharmaceuticals for the same manufacturer using one mobile phase system dramatically reduces consumed solvents, time, and cost for pharmaceuticals analysis in quality control laboratories. This work is an attempt to reduce time, cost and effort needed for quality control analysis of several dosage forms produced by the same manufacturer. Our novel and green RP-HPLC method is able to separate and quantify a tertiary mixture of piracetam, ketoprofen and omeprazole produced by the same manufacturers. The analyst can easily quantify the three drugs in the three dosage forms in one run using the gradient elution mode of methanol and water (from 50% methanol to 85% methanol in ten minutes) with a flow rate 1.5 mL min⁻¹ on a non-polar C₁₈ column. Suitable dilutions were done for the working solution of the mixed pharmaceutical formulations prior to chromatographic analysis. This procedure will dramatically reduce the consumed solvents and save time and money during pharmaceutical analysis. The calibration ranges are (5–25), (5–25) and (3–20) μg mL⁻¹ for the three studied drugs. The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) procedures were followed in the validation process and the results were evaluated in comparison with official HPLC methods, where no noteworthy differences were found. The green profile of the method and pictograms of AGREE and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) approaches proved the eco-friendly character for the studied drugs. The simultaneous quantitative analysis for Stimulan® and Hyposec® capsules, and Ketolgin® tablets from the Amoun Pharmaceutical Company, Egypt, can be accomplished via the novel method. Also, Memoral® ampoules, Topfam® tablets, and Gastroloc® capsules from Sigma Pharmaceutical Industries, Egypt, could be analyzed simultaneously. Omez® capsules and Ketogesic® tablets from the Pharaonia Pharmaceuticals, Egypt, could be determined simultaneously too. Applying this RP-HPLC method, a significant reduction of the total cost is assured as the required amount of solvent is noticeably decreased when performing multi-analyses in comparison to single component analysis.

We report a novel and green RP-HPLC method able to separate and quantify a tertiary mixture of piracetam, ketoprofen and omeprazole produced by the same manufacturers.

Quantitative Analysis of Abamectin, Albendazole, Levamisole HCl and Closantel in Q-DRENCH Oral Suspension Using a Stability-Indicating HPLC-DAD Method

Combination therapy of many anthelmintic drugs has been used to achieve fast animal curing. Q-DRENCH is an oral suspension, containing four different active drugs against GIT worms in sheep, commonly used in Australia and New Zeeland. The anti-parasitic drugs are Albendazole (ALB), Levamisole HCl (LEV), Abamectin (ABA), and Closantel (CLO). The main purpose of this study is to present a new simultaneous stability-indicting HPLC-DAD method for the analysis of the four drugs. The recommended liquid system was 1 mL of Triethylamine/L water, adjusting the pH to 3.5 by glacial acetic acid: acetonitrile solvent (20:80, v/v). Isocratic elusion achieved the desired results of separation at a 2 mL/min flow rate using Zorbax C-18 as a stationary phase. Detection was performed at 210 nm. The linearity ranges were 15.15 to 93.75 μg/mL for ALB, 25 to 150 μg/mL for LEV, 30 to 150 μg/mL for ABA, and 11.7 to 140.63 μg/mL for CLO. Moreover, the final greenness score was 0.62 using the AGREE tool, which reflects the eco-friendly nature. Moreover, the four drugs were determined successfully in the presence of their stressful degradation products. This work presents the first chromatographic method for simultaneous analysis for Q-DRENCH oral suspension drugs in the presence of their stressful degradation products.

A Novel, Simple Rapid Reverse-Phase HPLC-DAD Analysis, for the Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Compounds and Abscisic Acid Commonly Found in Foodstuff and Beverages

A novel, simple, rapid, 7-minute HPLC-DAD method for the determination of 10 phenolic compounds and abscisic acid commonly found in teas, wines, fruit and honey was successfully developed and validated according to the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. This reverse-phase (RP) HPLC-DAD method boasts rapid separation and excellent resolution while introducing green chemistry techniques. The Agilent 1200 series diode array detector SL coupled with a reverse-phase Advanced Materials Technology Halo C18 column (100 × 3.0 mm i.d., 2.7 μm) contributed to the rapid analyses. This, together with a 0.1% formic acid in water (v/v) and methanol mobile phase, a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and the utilization of a meticulous gradient elution resulted in a validated method for the determination of 10 phenolic compounds and abscisic acid commonly found in various foodstuffs. The resulting method proved to be rapid, accurate, precise and linear with sensitive detection limits from 0.025 μg/mL to 0.500 μg/mL and percentage recoveries of 98.07%-101.94%. Phenolic compounds have been acknowledged throughout literature for their therapeutic properties, interalia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiaging due to free radical scavenging potentials. However, resulting analysis, can be frequently complicated and long and very often discounts green chemistry techniques. The developed and validated method successfully and rapidly analyses, gallic acid, caffeic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, rutin, myricetin, abscisic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol and chrysin with excellent resolution and precision.