Synthesis and antinociceptive activity of four 1H-isoindolo-1,3(2H)-diones

Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of 4,6-Dimethyl-5-aryl/alkyl-2-[2-hydroxy-3-(4-substituted-1-piperazinyl)propyl]pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3(2H,5H)-diones as Anti-Inflammatory Agents with Dual Inhibition of COX and LOX

In the present study, we characterize the biological activity of a newly designed and synthesized series of 15 compounds 2-[2-hydroxy-3-(4-substituted-1-piperazinyl)propyl] derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole 3a-3o. The compounds were obtained with good yields of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole scaffold 2a-2c with secondary amines in C₂H₅OH. The chemical structures of the compounds were characterized by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, FT-IR, and MS. All the new compounds were investigated for their potencies to inhibit the activity of three enzymes, i.e., COX-1, COX-2, and LOX, by a colorimetric inhibitor screening assay. In order to analyze the structural basis of interactions between the ligands and cyclooxygenase/lipooxygenase, experimental data were supported by the results of molecular docking simulations. The data indicate that all of the tested compounds influence the activity of COX-1, COX-2, and LOX.

The 2-hydroxy-3-(4-aryl-1-piperazinyl)propyl Phthalimide Derivatives as Prodrugs—Spectroscopic and Theoretical Binding Studies with Plasma Proteins

Many publications in databases deal with the interactions of new drugs with albumin. However, it is not only albumin that is responsible for binding pharmaceutical molecules to proteins in the human body. There are many more proteins in plasma that are important for the study of the ADME pathway. Therefore, in this study, we have shown the results of the interactions between the plasma proteins albumin, orosomucoid, and gamma globulins and non-toxic anti-inflammatory phthalimide analogs, which due to the promising obtained results, may be potential candidates in the group of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Using spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling, we showed that all four tested compounds form complexes with the analyzed proteins. The formation of a complex with proteins raises the pharmacological efficacy of the drug. Therefore, the obtained results could be a step in the study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of new potential pharmaceuticals.