Synthesis, antimycobacterial, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, in silico studies and molecular dynamics of pyrazole-embedded thiazolidin-4-one hybrids

In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition study of dihydropyrimidinones synthesized via one-pot Biginelli reaction in the presence of a green catalyst

A green catalyst WELPSA-catalyzed three-component condensation (Biginelli) process involving an aldehyde, barbituric/thiobarbituric/1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, and urea/thiourea/guanidine hydrochloride in a single pot in presence of a green solvent for the production of DHPM have been presented. The catalyst is reusable and this methodology is scalable. By using the in vitro experiments, the antidiabetic potentiality of synthesized compounds that inhibit α-amylase along with α-glucosidase efficiencies was assessed. All the synthesized compounds except for 4a and 4e, showed the most significant inhibition for α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Among the synthesized DHPM compounds, 4c and 4b exhibited significant inhibition profiles compared to the standard antidiabetic drug acarbose. Furthermore, synthesized substances' energy-minimized structures, 3D structures, and DFT calculations were performed using Gaussian 09 software, hybrid models, and MM2 force approaches. Strong hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues Arg-672, Arg-600, Trp-613, Asp-404, Asp-282, and Asp-616 indicate that an α-glucosidase-inhibitory peptide may have hypoglycemic efficacy confirmed by the molecular docking study of the synthesized DHPM.