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Lye TH, Gachouch O, Renner L, Elezkurtaj S, Cash H, Messroghli D, Raum K, Mamou J. Quantitative Ultrasound Assessment of Early Osteoarthritis in Human Articular Cartilage Using a High-Frequency Linear Array Transducer. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:1429-1440. [PMID: 35537895 PMCID: PMC9246887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) assessment of osteoarthritis (OA) using high-frequency, research-grade single-element ultrasound systems has been reported. The objective of this ex vivo study was to assess the performance of QUS in detecting early OA using a high-frequency linear array transducer. Osteochondral plugs (n = 26) of human articular cartilage were scanned with ExactVu Micro-Ultrasound using an EV29L side-fire transducer. For comparison, the samples were also imaged with SAM200Ex, a custom 40-MHz scanning acoustic microscope with a single-element, focused transducer. Thirteen QUS parameters were derived from the ultrasound data. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, with T1 and T2 extracted as the quantitative parameters, were also acquired for comparison. Cartilage degeneration was graded from histology and correlated to all quantitative parameters. A maximum Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) of 0.75 was achieved using a combination of ExactVu QUS parameters, while a maximum ρ of 0.62 was achieved using a combination of parameters from SAM200Ex. A maximum ρ of 0.75 was achieved using the T1 and T2 MRI parameters. This study illustrates the potential of a high-frequency linear array transducer to provide a convenient method for early OA screening with results comparable to those of research-grade single-element ultrasound and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H Lye
- Frederic L. Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, New York, New York, USA
| | - Omar Gachouch
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Renner
- Centrum für Muskuloskeletale Chirurgie (CMSC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sefer Elezkurtaj
- Institut für Pathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannes Cash
- Department of Urology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany and PROURO, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Messroghli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin and Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kay Raum
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Mamou
- Frederic L. Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, New York, New York, USA.
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Abstract
While glucocorticoids have been used for over 50 years to treat rheumatoid and osteoarthritis pain, the prescription of glucocorticoids remains controversial because of potentially harmful side effects at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. One member of the glucocorticoid family, dexamethasone (DEX) has recently been demonstrated to rescue cartilage matrix loss and chondrocyte viability in animal studies and cartilage explant models of tissue injury and post-traumatic osteoarthritis, suggesting the possibility of DEX as a disease-modifying drug if used appropriately. However, the literature on the effects of DEX on cartilage reveals conflicting results on the drug's safety, depending on the dose and duration of DEX exposure as well as the model system used. Overall, DEX has been shown to protect against arthritis-related changes in cartilage structure and function, including matrix loss, inflammation and cartilage viability. These beneficial effects are not always observed in model systems using initially healthy cartilage or isolated chondrocytes, where many studies have reported significant increases in chondrocyte apoptosis. It is crucially important to understand under what conditions DEX may be beneficial or harmful to cartilage and other joint tissues and to determine potential for safe use of this glucocorticoid in the clinic as a disease-modifying drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Black
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A. J. Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,Address for correspondence: Prof. Al Grodzinsky, MIT, Centre for Biomedical Engineering, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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3
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Freitas Mariano KC, Monteiro do Nascimento MH, Querobino SM, Ramos Campos EV, de Oliveira JL, Yokaichiya F, Franco MK, Alberto-Silva C, de Paula E, Lombello CB, de Lima R, Fraceto LF, de Araujo DR. Influence of chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles on thermosensitive polymeric hydrogels: structural organization, drug release mechanisms and cytotoxicity. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1596909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samyr M. Querobino
- Human and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Estefânia V. Ramos Campos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jhones L. de Oliveira
- Department of Environmental Engineering, State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Yokaichiya
- Department Quantum Phenomena in Novel Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carlos Alberto-Silva
- Human and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane B. Lombello
- Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata de Lima
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F. Fraceto
- Department of Environmental Engineering, State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele R. de Araujo
- Human and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
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Katri A, Dąbrowska A, Löfvall H, Ding M, Karsdal MA, Andreassen KV, Thudium CS, Henriksen K. Combining naproxen and a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist improves pain and structural outcomes in the collagen-induced arthritis rat model. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:68. [PMID: 30795801 PMCID: PMC6387482 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain is a debilitating symptom of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), caused by joint inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to treat pain and inflammation in RA, but are not disease-modifying and do not prevent joint destruction when administered alone. KBPs (Key Bioscience peptides) are synthetic peptides based on salmon calcitonin and are expected to inhibit bone resorption and to be chondroprotective. In this study, we investigated if combining a standard of care NSAID (naproxen) with a KBP resulted in improvement in pain scores, as well as disease activity and structural damage in a rat model of RA. Methods Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in 40 female Lewis rats by immunization with porcine type II collagen; 10 rats were given sham injections. CIA rats were treated with KBP and/or naproxen. Health scores and joint scores were evaluated daily. Mechanical and cold allodynia tests and burrowing tests were used to assess pain-like behaviors. Blood samples were collected for biomarker testing, and paws were collected for histology and microcomputed tomography. Results Naproxen monotherapy increased the time until humane endpoints was reached, and improved health score, pain assessments, and trabecular thickness, while KBP monotherapy did not result in improvements. Combination therapy had improved efficacy over naproxen monotherapy; combination therapy resulted in improved health scores, and importantly reduced mechanical and cold allodynia assessment. Furthermore, protection of articular cartilage structure and preservation of bone structure and bone volume were also observed. Conclusions This study demonstrates that combining KBP and naproxen may be a relevant therapeutic strategy for RA, resulting in improvements to the overall health, pain, inflammation, and joint structure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1819-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Katri
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Aneta Dąbrowska
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Henrik Löfvall
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Institute of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kim V Andreassen
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christian S Thudium
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
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Aytekin K, Erhan SŞ, Erişgin Z, Esenyel CZ, Takır S. Intra-articular injection of hydrogen sulfide decreased the progression of gonarthrosis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:47-54. [PMID: 30521368 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is found in both the plasma and synovial fluid of patients with gonarthrosis. In the present study, we investigated whether intra-articular injection of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) (1 mM, 30 μL), a H2S donor, might affect gonarthrosis in rats. Gonarthrosis was induced surgically in the left knees of rats and left for 6 weeks for the development of disease. Then, intra-articular injections of NaSH or methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg, 30 μL) were administered to rats. Half of each group was sacrificed at the end of the first day and the other half was sacrificed at the end of 4 weeks to evaluate early and later effects of injections on gonarthrosis. The injury induced by anterior cruciate ligament resection and medial meniscectomy in rats caused the development of gonarthrosis. As the duration lengthened after gonarthrosis induction, the progression of the disease continued. According to the modified Mankin Scoring System, intra-articular injection of NaSH histopathologically slowed the progression of gonarthrosis, whereas methylprednisolone was ineffective. In addition, NaSH decreased apoptosis in rat knees with gonarthrosis. Each treatment did not cause injury to healthy knees. Our results lead to the consideration that intra-articular NaSH administration may be effective in the progression of gonarthrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kürşad Aytekin
- a Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey.,e Department of Anatomy, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Selma Şengiz Erhan
- b Department of Pathology, Okmeydanı Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Züleyha Erişgin
- c Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Cem Zeki Esenyel
- a Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Takır
- d Department of Pharmacology, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey
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6
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Martin EJ, Cooke EJ, Ceponis A, Barnes RFW, Moran CM, Holle S, Hughes TH, Moore RE, von Drygalski A. Efficacy and safety of point-of-care ultrasound-guided intra-articular corticosteroid joint injections in patients with haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia 2016; 23:135-143. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Martin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - E. J. Cooke
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - A. Ceponis
- Division of Rheumatology; Allergy and Immunology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
| | - R. F. W. Barnes
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - C. M. Moran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - S. Holle
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - T. H. Hughes
- Department of Radiology; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - R. E. Moore
- General Musculoskeletal Imaging Inc; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - A. von Drygalski
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
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7
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Männicke N, Schöne M, Liukkonen J, Fachet D, Inkinen S, Malo MK, Oelze ML, Töyräs J, Jurvelin JS, Raum K. Species-Independent Modeling of High-Frequency Ultrasound Backscatter in Hyaline Cartilage. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:1375-1384. [PMID: 27038804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Apparent integrated backscatter (AIB) is a common ultrasound parameter used to assess cartilage matrix degeneration. However, the specific contributions of chondrocytes, proteoglycan and collagen to AIB remain unknown. To reveal these relationships, this work examined biopsies and cross sections of human, ovine and bovine cartilage with 40-MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy. Site-matched estimates of collagen concentration, proteoglycan concentration, collagen orientation and cell number density were employed in quasi-least-squares linear regression analyses to model AIB. A positive correlation (R(2) = 0.51, p < 10(-4)) between AIB and a combination model of cell number density and collagen concentration was obtained for collagen orientations approximately perpendicular (>70°) to the sound beam direction. These findings indicate causal relationships between AIB and cartilage structural parameters and could aid in more sophisticated future interpretations of ultrasound backscatter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Männicke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schöne
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jukka Liukkonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dominik Fachet
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Satu Inkinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markus K Malo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael L Oelze
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka S Jurvelin
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kay Raum
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Männicke N, Schöne M, Gottwald M, Göbel F, Oelze ML, Raum K. 3-D high-frequency ultrasound backscatter analysis of human articular cartilage. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:244-257. [PMID: 24210857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency ultrasound is a promising method for non-invasive characterization of cartilage degeneration. Surface reflection and integrated spectral parameters are often used. In the work described here, human cartilage samples with varying degrees of degeneration were measured using a 40-MHz transducer. Backscatter signals originating from the superficial and transitional zones of cartilage were analyzed using amplitude, spectral and envelope statistical parameters and related to degenerative changes of the matrix given by the Mankin score. The results indicate an increased sensitivity of spectral slope and envelope statistical parameters to early matrix degeneration compared with conventional amplitude parameters. Furthermore, moderate correlations of chondrocyte number with backscatter amplitude and envelope statistics were observed, suggesting that at high frequencies, cells are one important scattering source in cartilage. An application of spectral and envelope statistical parameters to intra-articular ultrasound arthroscopy is conceivable and could improve the diagnostic potential of these examinations. Future studies are necessary to clarify the contributions of chondrocytes, extracellular matrix and collagen content to ultrasound backscatter to further improve the diagnostic potential of ultrasound for cartilage assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Männicke
- Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Aquino-Vega MY, Rodríguez-Páez L, Arce-Paredes P, Hernández-Chávez VG, Becerril-Villanueva E, Rojas-Espinosa O. The effect of alpha asarone, olive oil, and dexamethasone on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in the mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/mri.2013.21002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Saarakkala S, Wang SZ, Huang YP, Jurvelin JS, Zheng YP. Characterization of center frequency and bandwidth of broadband ultrasound reflected by the articular cartilage to subchondral bone interface. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2011; 37:112-121. [PMID: 21084156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) produces degenerative changes both in articular cartilage and subchondral bone. During OA, reflection of high frequency ultrasound from the cartilage-bone interface is affected by both changes in attenuation of the cartilage layer and acoustic properties of the interface. The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate the spectral content of ultrasound reflection from the cartilage-bone interface. Specifically, we analyzed the center frequency and -6 dB bandwidth of the broadband high-frequency (40 MHz) ultrasound signal. Intact bovine articular cartilage samples with and without the underlying subchondral bone (n = 6) were measured in vitro using a commercial high-frequency ultrasound scanner. Furthermore, the diagnostic potential of the measurement of center frequency and bandwidth for OA was studied with another series of bovine articular cartilage samples (n = 40) after enzymatic degradations of tissue proteoglycans and collagen. Compared with the reference spectrum at the same depth from a perfect reflector, a major downshift (>51%) of the center frequency and a reduction (>42%) of the bandwidth were observed in both sample groups when analyzing the ultrasound reflection from the cartilage-bone interface. The results suggest that attenuation in the cartilage layer primarily controls the observed downshift of the center frequency and acoustic properties of the subchondral bone play only a minor role in affecting the spectrum of the cartilage-bone interface. Changes in the ultrasound bandwidth of the cartilage-bone interface signals, compared with reference signals, were found to vary more than those in the center frequency in both cartilage sample groups. Compared with pretreatment values, a significant downshift in center frequency (p < 0.01) and a minor reduction in bandwidth of spectra from the cartilage-bone interface were recorded after chemical degradation of proteoglycans with trypsin. In contrast, center frequency and bandwidth of the echoes from the cartilage-bone interface did not change after the chemical degradation of cartilage collagen fibrils. The results suggest that proteoglycan loss, typical to OA, may be detected via the changes in the center frequency of the ultrasound reflected from the cartilage-bone interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simo Saarakkala
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Wang SZ, Huang YP, Saarakkala S, Zheng YP. Quantitative assessment of articular cartilage with morphologic, acoustic and mechanical properties obtained using high-frequency ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2010; 36:512-527. [PMID: 20172450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 12/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint diseases among adults, and its early detection is still not possible. In this study, high-frequency ultrasound and ultrasound-assisted mechanical testing systems were used to quantitatively measure the morphologic, acoustic and mechanical properties of normal and enzymatically degraded bovine articular cartilages in vitro. A total of 40 osteochondral cartilage plugs were prepared from 20 bovine patellae (n=20x2) and divided into two groups for collagenase and trypsin digestions, respectively. A high-frequency ultrasound system (center frequency: 40 MHz) was used to analyze the surface integrity (ultrasound roughness index, URI), thickness and acoustic properties of the articular cartilages before and after enzymatic degradations. Acoustic parameters included the integrated reflection coefficient (IRC) from the cartilage surface, reflection from the cartilage-bone interface (AIB(bone)), integrated attenuation (IA) and integrated backscatter (IBS) of the internal cartilage tissue. A newly developed ultrasound water jet indentation system was used to assess the mechanical properties of the cartilage samples. The results showed that the URI increased significantly (p<0.05) after collagenase digestion while no significant change (p>0.05) was found after trypsin digestion. With regard to acoustic parameters, the IRC decreased significantly (p<0.05) after collagenase digestion while no significant change (p>0.05) was found after trypsin digestion. The AIB(bone) demonstrated an insignificant change after collagenase digestion (p>0.05) but a significant decrease after trypsin digestion (p<0.05). Both enzymatic degradation groups showed insignificant differences (p>0.05) in the IA but a significant increase (p<0.05) in the IBS after both enzymatic degradations. The apparent stiffness measured by ultrasound water jet indentation suggested that articular cartilage from both groups became significantly softer (p<0.05) after the enzymatic degradations. A significant relationship was found to exist between the IRC and URI (p<0.05). This study showed that high-frequency ultrasound can be a comprehensive tool to quantitatively and systematically analyze the morphologic, acoustic and mechanical properties of articular cartilage in association with its degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Zhe Wang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins (PGs), which play a significant role in health and disease in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and in the renal, skeletal, and ocular systems. COX-1 is constitutively expressed and found in most normal tissues, whereas COX-2 can be expressed at low levels in normal tissues and is highly induced by pro-inflammatory mediators. Inhibitors of COX activity include: (1) conventional nonselective, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ns-NSAIDs) and (2) COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (COX-2 s-NSAIDs). Inhibition of COX-1 often elicits GI toxicity in animals and humans. Therefore, COX-2 s-NSAIDs were developed to provide a selective COX-2 agent, while minimizing the attendant COX-1-mediated GI toxicities. Rats and dogs overpredict COX inhibition for renal effects such as renal handling of electrolytes in humans. COX inhibitors are shown to have both beneficial and detrimental effects, such as on healing of ligament or tendon tears, on the skeletal system in animal models. Certain ophthalmic conditions such as glaucoma and keratitis are associated with increased COX-2 expression, suggesting a potential role in their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher A Radi
- Pfizer Global R&D, Drug Safety R&D, St. Louis, Missouri 63017, USA.
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13
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Kubassova O, Boesen M, Peloschek P, Langs G, Cimmino MA, Bliddal H, Torp-Pedersen S. Quantifying Disease Activity and Damage by Imaging in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1154:207-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Leicht S, Raum K. Acoustic impedance changes in cartilage and subchondral bone due to primary arthrosis. ULTRASONICS 2008; 48:613-20. [PMID: 18585747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at assessing elastic changes of cartilage and subchondral bone in sections from osteoarthritic human tibia plateaus using a 50-MHz scanning acoustic microscope (SAM). Samples were obtained from 28 human individuals during alloplastic implant surgery. Sagittal sections were explored using a time-resolved acoustic microscope in hyperosmolar (2.5 molar) saline solution at 25 degrees C. Cartilage and bone impedance distributions were evaluated as a function of the distance to the cartilage-bone interface. The degree of cartilage degeneration was derived from histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The mean impedance value in cartilage was 2.12+/-0.02 Mrayl. The layered cartilage structure was revealed by means of distinctly different impedance values in most samples. Generally, values were higher close to the bone interface and decreased continuously towards the cartilage surface. Higher grades of degeneration show a loss of the layered structure and remarkable cartilage surface undulations. The mean impedance value in subchondral bone was 6.28+/-0.54 Mrayl. A significant increase of the acoustic impedance within the first 150 microm relative to cartilage-bone interface was observed in 65.5% of the investigated sections. We hypothesize that the impedance increase close to the bone cartilage boundary is an indicator for subchondral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Leicht
- Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Orthopedics, Q-BAM Group, Magdeburger Strasse 22, 06097 Halle, Germany
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15
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Lee SW, Greve JM, Leaffer D, Lollini L, Bailey P, Gold GE, Biswal S. Early findings of small-animal MRI and small-animal computed tomography correlate with histological changes in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2008; 21:527-536. [PMID: 18023077 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With the use of a commonly utilized animal model of rheumatoid arthritis, the central goal of this work was to determine how well the small-animal imaging tools, small-animal MRI (microMRI) and small-animal X-ray computed tomography (microCT), can detect very early histological changes that occur immediately after induction of the disease. Arthritis was induced in rats by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant into the tail. Right hind paws of living rats were evaluated with 4.7 T microMRI with T1-weighted spin echo and inversion recovery sequences. Paw specimens were also evaluated with microCT and by histological examination (n = 29). MicroMR images were scored for the presence of joint effusion, soft tissue swelling, bone marrow changes, and bone erosions. MicroCT measured bone mineral density (BMD). Histology scores were obtained from representative slides from the same rats. The correlation between BMD, MRI and histology was analyzed using linear regression analysis and analysis of covariance. MRI abnormalities were detected on day 5 after induction as joint effusion and soft tissue swelling, followed by bone marrow changes on day 6 and bone erosion on day 8. BMD measured by microCT decreased, the decrease becoming significant on day 7 (P < 0.019). Soft tissue swelling, joint effusion, and bone erosion scores on microMRI correlated with histology (r2 approximately 0.7). Bone marrow changes were seen more clearly with microMRI than by histological examination. Bone loss could be detected earlier by microCT than on histological sections. In conclusion, microMRI and microCT can be used to evaluate early disease changes within 1 week of induction in the adjuvant-induced arthritis model, and have the ability to detect certain manifestations of disease earlier than histological analysis. The use of small-animal imaging techniques potentially allows earlier diagnosis, improved subject stratification, earlier drug implementation, and therefore improved drug trials in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheen-Woo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Saarakkala S, Laasanen MS, Jurvelin JS, Töyräs J. Quantitative ultrasound imaging detects degenerative changes in articular cartilage surface and subchondral bone. Phys Med Biol 2006; 51:5333-46. [PMID: 17019042 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/51/20/017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that quantitative ultrasound imaging could sensitively diagnose degeneration of the articular surface and changes in the subchondral bone during the development of osteoarthrosis (OA). We have recently introduced a new parameter, ultrasound roughness index (URI), for the quantification of cartilage surface roughness, and successfully tested it with normal and experimentally degraded articular surfaces. In this in vitro study, the applicability of URI was tested in bovine cartilage samples with spontaneously developed tissue degeneration. Simultaneously, we studied the sensitivity of quantitative ultrasound imaging to detect degenerative changes in the cartilage-bone interface. For reference, histological degenerative grade of the cartilage samples was determined. Mechanical reference measurements were also conducted. Cartilage surface roughness (URI) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in histologically degenerated samples with inferior mechanical properties. Ultrasound reflection at the cartilage-bone interface was also significantly (p<0.05) increased in degenerated samples. Furthermore, it was quantitatively confirmed that ultrasound attenuation in the overlying cartilage significantly affects the measured ultrasound reflection values from the cartilage-bone interface. To conclude, the combined ultrasound measurement of the cartilage surface roughness and ultrasound reflection at the cartilage-bone interface complement each other, and may together enable more sensitive and quantitative diagnosis of early OA or follow up after surgical cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simo Saarakkala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Etelä-Savo Hospital District, Mikkeli Central Hospital, Porrassalmenkatu 35-37, 50100 Mikkeli, and Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Cuzzocrea S, Mazzon E, Paola RD, Genovese T, Muià C, Caputi AP, Salvemini D. Effects of combination M40403 and dexamethasone therapy on joint disease in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:1929-40. [PMID: 15934059 DOI: 10.1002/art.21044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of combination therapy with M40403, a superoxide dismutase mimetic (SODm), and dexamethasone (DEX) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. METHODS CIA was elicited in Lewis rats by an intradermal injection of 100 mul of an emulsion of bovine type II collagen (CII) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (IFA) at the base of the tail. On day 21, a second injection of CII in IFA was administered at the base of the tail. RESULTS Lewis rats developed erosive arthritis of the hind paw when immunized with an emulsion of CII in IFA. The histopathology of CIA included erosion of the articular cartilage at the joint margins and subchondral bone resorption. Immunohistochemical analysis for nitrotyrosine, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) revealed positive staining in inflamed joints of collagen-treated rats. The combination therapy with M40403 2 mg/kg and DEX 0.01 mg/kg significantly reduced the development of the inflammatory process and reduced the degree of staining for iNOS, COX-2, nitrotyrosine, and PARP. No significant difference in the degree of staining between the combination therapy and the higher dose of DEX (0.1 mg/kg) was found. Furthermore, radiographic evidence of protection from bone resorption was apparent in the tibiotarsal joints of rats that received the combination therapy. CONCLUSION This study shows that combination therapy with M40403 and DEX reduced the degree of chronic inflammation and tissue and bone damage associated with CIA in the rat. It supports the possible use of SODm in combination with steroids to reduce the dose necessary and the side effects related to the use of steroids in the management of chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Hattori K, Takakura Y, Ohgushi H, Habata T, Uematsu K, Yamauchi J, Yamashita K, Fukuchi T, Sato M, Ikeuchi K. Quantitative ultrasound can assess the regeneration process of tissue-engineered cartilage using a complex between adherent bone marrow cells and a three-dimensional scaffold. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R552-9. [PMID: 15899042 PMCID: PMC1174952 DOI: 10.1186/ar1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) defects resulting from traumatic injury or degenerative joint disease do not repair themselves spontaneously. Therefore, such defects may require novel regenerative strategies to restore biologically and biomechanically functional tissue. Recently, tissue engineering using a complex of cells and scaffold has emerged as a new approach for repairing cartilage defects and restoring cartilage function. With the advent of this new technology, accurate methods for evaluating articular cartilage have become important. In particular, in vivo evaluation is essential for determining the best treatment. However, without a biopsy, which causes damage, articular cartilage cannot be accurately evaluated in a clinical context. We have developed a novel system for evaluating articular cartilage, in which the acoustic properties of the cartilage are measured by introducing an ultrasonic probe during arthroscopy of the knee joint. The purpose of the current study was to determine the efficacy of this ultrasound system for evaluating tissue-engineered cartilage in an experimental model involving implantation of a cell/scaffold complex into rabbit knee joint defects. Ultrasonic echoes from the articular cartilage were converted into a wavelet map by wavelet transformation. On the wavelet map, the percentage maximum magnitude (the maximum magnitude of the measurement area of the operated knee divided by that of the intact cartilage of the opposite, nonoperated knee; %MM) was used as a quantitative index of cartilage regeneration. Using this index, the tissue-engineered cartilage was examined to elucidate the relations between ultrasonic analysis and biochemical and histological analyses. The %MM increased over the time course of the implant and all the hyaline-like cartilage samples from the histological findings had a high %MM. Correlations were observed between the %MM and the semiquantitative histologic grading scale scores from the histological findings. In the biochemical findings, the chondroitin sulfate content increased over the time course of the implant, whereas the hydroxyproline content remained constant. The chondroitin sulfate content showed a similarity to the results of the %MM values. Ultrasonic measurements were found to predict the regeneration process of the tissue-engineered cartilage as a minimally invasive method. Therefore, ultrasonic evaluation using a wavelet map can support the evaluation of tissue-engineered cartilage using cell/scaffold complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hattori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Ohgushi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Amagasaki Site, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Habata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kota Uematsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Jun Yamauchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamashita
- Life Science Laboratories, Life Science RD Center, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Fukuchi
- Life Science Laboratories, Life Science RD Center, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Life Science Laboratories, Life Science RD Center, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ken Ikeuchi
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Hattori K, Takakura Y, Ishimura M, Tanaka Y, Habata T, Ikeuchi K. Differential acoustic properties of early cartilage lesions in living human knee and ankle joints. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:3125-31. [PMID: 16200591 DOI: 10.1002/art.21299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although numerous studies have been performed to determine whether there are histologic, biochemical, biomechanical, and metabolic differences between knee and ankle cartilage, none have investigated the presence of such differences in living human cartilage. We previously developed an ultrasonic evaluation system for articular cartilage that analyzes the A-mode echogram using wavelet transformation. The current study was undertaken to determine whether the acoustic properties of living human cartilage differ between knee and ankle joints. METHODS Twenty-eight patients were subjected to ultrasonic evaluation under arthroscopy. After arthroscopic grading, the cartilage was measured using an ultrasonic probe. Two quantitative parameters were used, i.e., the maximum magnitude and the echo duration at the 95% interval of the maximum magnitude. RESULTS In intact cartilage, the maximum magnitude and echo duration did not differ between the knee and the ankle. In lesional cartilage, in contrast, the maximum magnitude was higher, and the echo duration was shorter, in the ankle than in the knee. These differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION Ultrasound findings could be used to judge the degree of early cartilage degeneration in vivo on the basis of objective data such as the maximum magnitude and echo duration. Because we were unable to quantitatively analyze the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the cartilage in this study, our biochemical and biomechanical findings are based only on qualitative assessment. Nevertheless, the results indicate that this ultrasonic evaluation system may be useful for elucidating the processes of articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hattori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
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Hattori K, Ikeuchi K, Morita Y, Takakura Y. Quantitative ultrasonic assessment for detecting microscopic cartilage damage in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2004; 7:R38-46. [PMID: 15642141 PMCID: PMC1064890 DOI: 10.1186/ar1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2004] [Revised: 10/09/2004] [Accepted: 10/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions. The histological cartilage changes in OA include surface erosion and irregularities, deep fissures, and alterations in the staining of the matrix. The reversibility of these chondral alterations is still under debate. It is expected that clinical and basic science studies will provide the clinician with new scientific information about the natural history and optimal treatment of OA at an early stage. However, a reliable method for detecting microscopic changes in early OA has not yet been established. We have developed a novel system for evaluating articular cartilage, in which the acoustic properties of the articular cartilage are measured by introducing an ultrasonic probe into the knee joint under arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to assess microscopic cartilage damage in OA by using this cartilage evaluation system on collagenase-treated articular cartilage in vivo and in vitro. Ultrasonic echoes from articular cartilage were converted into a wavelet map by wavelet transformation. On the wavelet map, the maximum magnitude and echo duration were selected as quantitative indices. Using these indices, the articular cartilage was examined to elucidate the relationships of the ultrasonic analysis with biochemical, biomechanical and histological analyses. In the in vitro study, the maximum magnitude decreased as the duration of collagenase digestion increased. Correlations were observed between the maximum magnitude and the proteoglycan content from biochemical findings, and the maximum magnitude and the aggregate modulus from biomechanical findings. From the histological findings, matrix staining of the surface layer to a depth of 500 mum was closely related to the maximum magnitude. In the in vivo study, the maximum magnitude decreased with increasing duration of the collagenase injection. There was a significant correlation between the maximum magnitude and the aggregate modulus. The evaluation system therefore successfully detected microscopic changes in degenerated cartilage with the use of collagen-induced OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hattori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Ken Ikeuchi
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morita
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takakura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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