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de la Fuente M, Delgado D, Beitia M, Barreda-Gómez G, Acera A, Sanchez M, Vecino E. Validation of a rapid collagenase activity detection technique based on fluorescent quenched gelatin with synovial fluid samples. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:50. [PMID: 39030513 PMCID: PMC11264812 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring collagenase activity is crucial in the field of joint health and disease management. Collagenases, enzymes responsible for collagen degradation, play a vital role in maintaining the balance between collagen synthesis and breakdown in joints. Dysregulation of collagenase activity leads to joint tissue degradation and diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The development of methods to measure collagenase activity is essential for diagnosis, disease severity assessment, treatment monitoring, and identification of therapeutic targets. RESULTS This study aimed to validate a rapid collagenase activity detection technique using synovial fluid samples. Antibody microarray analysis was initially performed to quantify the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a major collagenase in joints. Subsequently, the developed gelatin-based test utilizing fluorescence measurement was used to determine collagenase activity. There was a significant correlation between the presence of MMP-9 and collagenase activity. In addition, Lower Limit of Detection and Upper Limit of Detection can be preliminary estimated as 8 ng/mL and 48 ng/mL respectively. CONCLUSIONS The developed technique offers a potential point-of-care assessment of collagenase activity, providing real-time information for clinicians and researchers. By accurately quantifying collagenase activity, healthcare professionals can optimize patient care, improve treatment outcomes, and contribute to the understanding and management of joint-related disorders. Further research and validation are necessary to establish the full potential of this rapid collagenase activity detection method in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de la Fuente
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE, www.ehu.eus/gobe), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Diego Delgado
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01008, Spain
| | - Maider Beitia
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01008, Spain
| | | | - Arantxa Acera
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE, www.ehu.eus/gobe), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48001, Spain
| | - Mikel Sanchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01008, Spain
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01008, Spain
| | - Elena Vecino
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE, www.ehu.eus/gobe), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940, Spain.
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Tsomidis I, Notas G, Xidakis C, Voumvouraki A, Samonakis DN, Koulentaki M, Kouroumalis E. Enzymes of Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123179. [PMID: 36551935 PMCID: PMC9776355 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Liver fibrosis has been extensively studied at the cellular and molecular level, but very few data exist on the final enzymatic stages of collagen synthesis (prolyl hydroxylase, PH) and degradation (matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs), particularly in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Aim: We studied enzyme activities in liver tissue from patients with chronic liver diseases and compared them to normal livers. Patients: Eighteen patients with PBC of early and late stages (Ludwig’s classification) and seven on treatment with ursodeoxycholate (UDCA) were studied and compared to 34 patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), 25 patients with chronic viral liver disease and five normal biopsies. Sera were available from a total of 140 patients. Methods: The tritiated water released from the tritiated proline was measured in PH assessment. 14C intact and heat-denatured collagen substrates were used to measure collagenase and gelatinases, respectively. 3H Elastin was the substrate for elastase. In serum, ELISAs were used for MMP-1, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 measurements while MMP-2 and MMP-9 were estimated by zymography. Results: PH was significantly increased in early and late PBC. Collagenase was reduced only in the late stages (p < 0.01), where the ratio PH/collagenase was increased. UDCA treatment restored values to almost normal. Gelatinases were reduced in late stages (p < 0.05). In contrast to PBC and ALD fibrosis, collagen synthesis is not increased in viral fibrosis. The balance shifted towards collagen deposition due to reduced degradation. Interestingly, gelatinolytic activity is not impaired in ALD. Elastase was similar to controls in all diseases studied. TIMP-1 was reduced in early PBC and viral and alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis (p < 0.001). Conclusions: (1) There is evidence that collagen synthesis increases in the early stages of PBC, but the collagenolytic mechanism may compensate for the increased synthesis. (2) In viral disease, fibrosis may be due to decreased degradation rather than increased synthesis. (3) The final biochemical stages of liver fibrosis may be quantitatively different according to underlying etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsomidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Chalkidiki, Greece
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Costas Xidakis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Argyro Voumvouraki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Chalkidiki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Samonakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, PAGNI University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mairi Koulentaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, PAGNI University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elias Kouroumalis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Gastroenterology, PAGNI University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang Z, Huang X, Huang W. Hydrogel‐based composites: Unlimited platforms for biosensors and diagnostics. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
| | - Yanlei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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Preparation and characterization of amnion hydrogel and its synergistic effect with adipose derived stem cells towards IL1β activated chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18751. [PMID: 33127964 PMCID: PMC7603317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75921-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation leads to chondrocyte senescence and cartilage degeneration, resulting in osteoarthritis (OA). Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) exert paracrine effects protecting chondrocytes from degenerative changes. However, the lack of optimum delivery systems for ADSCs limits its use in the clinic. The use of extracellular matrix based injectable hydrogels has gained increased attention due to their unique properties. In the present study, we developed hydrogels from amnion tissue as a delivery system for ADSCs. We investigated the potential of amnion hydrogel to maintain ADSC functions, the synergistic effect of AM with ADSC in preventing the catabolic responses of inflammation in stimulated chondrocytes. We also investigated the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in IL-1β induced inflammation in chondrocytes and the ability of AM-ADSC to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results showed that AM hydrogels supported cell viability, proliferation, and stemness. ADSCs, AM hydrogels and AM-ADSCs inhibited the catabolic responses of IL-1β and inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, indicating possible involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in IL-1β induced inflammation. The results also showed that the synergistic effect of AM-ADSCs was more pronounced in preventing catabolic responses in activated chondrocytes. In conclusion, we showed that AM hydrogels can be used as a potential carrier for ADSCs, and can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for treating OA.
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Abstract
Knowledge of how the joint functions as an integrated unit in health and disease requires an understanding of the stromal cells populating the joint mesenchyme, including fibroblasts, tissue-resident macrophages and endothelial cells. Knowledge of the physiological and pathological mechanisms that involve joint mesenchymal stromal cells has begun to cast new light on why joint inflammation persists. The shared embryological origins of fibroblasts and endothelial cells might shape the behaviour of these cell types in diseased adult tissues. Cells of mesenchymal origin sustain inflammation in the synovial membrane and tendons by various mechanisms, and the important contribution of newly discovered fibroblast subtypes and their associated crosstalk with endothelial cells, tissue-resident macrophages and leukocytes is beginning to emerge. Knowledge of these mechanisms should help to shape the future therapeutic landscape and emphasizes the requirement for new strategies to address the pathogenic stroma and associated crosstalk between leukocytes and cells of mesenchymal origin.
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Ahmad N, Colak B, Zhang DW, Gibbs MJ, Watkinson M, Becer CR, Gautrot JE, Krause S. Peptide Cross-Linked Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogel Films as Biosensor Coatings for the Detection of Collagenase. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1677. [PMID: 30965649 PMCID: PMC6479908 DOI: 10.3390/s19071677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptide cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel has been widely used for drug delivery and tissue engineering. However, the use of this material as a biosensor for the detection of collagenase has not been explored. Proteases play a key role in the pathology of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The detection of this class of enzyme using the degradable hydrogel film format is promising as a point-of-care device for disease monitoring. In this study, a protease biosensor was developed based on the degradation of a peptide cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel film and demonstrated for the detection of collagenase. The hydrogel was deposited on gold-coated quartz crystals, and their degradation in the presence of collagenase was monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The biosensor was shown to respond to concentrations between 2 and 2000 nM in less than 10 min with a lower detection limit of 2 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norlaily Ahmad
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
- Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Dengkil, Dengkil, Selangor 43800, Malaysia.
| | - Burcu Colak
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - De-Wen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Martin John Gibbs
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Michael Watkinson
- The Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Julien E Gautrot
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Steffi Krause
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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Zheng W, Guan J. Oncostatin M promotes the osteogenic differentiation of mouse MC3T3‑E1osteoblasts through the regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein‑1. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2523-2530. [PMID: 30015860 PMCID: PMC6102744 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the function of oncostatin M (OSM), which may be associated with monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), on mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblast development and bone remodeling. Levels of MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP1α) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were measured by ELISA. Cell viability, migration and invasion abilities were detected by MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Western blotting was performed to detect levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to detect the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, −2 and −3. The results demonstrated that OSM treatment significantly increased MCP-1 levels in a dose-dependent manner. Interleukin (IL)-1, also significantly increased MCP-1 levels; however, treatment with other cytokines, including IL-6, IL-11 and leukemia inhibitory factor did not affect MCP-1 levels to the same extent. In addition, OSM did not affect levels of the chemokines MIP1α and RANTES; indeed, only IL-1 significantly increased levels of MIP1α and RANTES. OSM treatment promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner, which were inhibited by MCP-1 silencing. The expression of phosphorylated-Akt, MMP-1, −2 and −3 were increased by OSM treatment; however, these increases were reversed following MCP-1 silencing. Collectively these data suggest that OSM promotes the differentiation of mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts via regulation of MCP-1 expression. These results may therefore provide novel insights into bone repair and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
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8
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Medically relevant assays with a simple smartphone and tablet based fluorescence detection system. SENSORS 2015; 15:11653-64. [PMID: 26007723 PMCID: PMC4481933 DOI: 10.3390/s150511653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell phones and smart phones can be reconfigured as biomedical sensor devices but this requires specialized add-ons. In this paper we present a simple cell phone-based portable bioassay platform, which can be used with fluorescent assays in solution. The system consists of a tablet, a polarizer, a smart phone (camera) and a box that provides dark readout conditions. The assay in a well plate is placed on the tablet screen acting as an excitation source. A polarizer on top of the well plate separates excitation light from assay fluorescence emission enabling assay readout with a smartphone camera. The assay result is obtained by analysing the intensity of image pixels in an appropriate colour channel. With this device we carried out two assays, for collagenase and trypsin using fluorescein as the detected fluorophore. The results of collagenase assay with the lowest measured concentration of 3.75 µg/mL and 0.938 µg in total in the sample were comparable to those obtained by a microplate reader. The lowest measured amount of trypsin was 930 pg, which is comparable to the low detection limit of 400 pg for this assay obtained in a microplate reader. The device is sensitive enough to be used in point-of-care medical diagnostics of clinically relevant conditions, including arthritis, cystic fibrosis and acute pancreatitis.
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9
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Kumar A, Bendele AM, Blanks RC, Bodick N. Sustained efficacy of a single intra-articular dose of FX006 in a rat model of repeated localized knee arthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:151-60. [PMID: 25266960 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a single intra-articular (IA) dose of FX006, an extended-release formulation of triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres, on the sequelae of repeated episodes of synovitis. DESIGN Three flares of localized synovitis in the right knee of rats were induced over 4 weeks following a single IA injection of various doses of FX006, Kenalog(®) (TCA immediate release or TCA IR), or vehicle. Gait scores were employed to assess analgesic effect, and the joints were evaluated by histology at the end of the study. TCA plasma concentrations and corticosterone levels were monitored through the study. RESULTS A single IA dose of 0.28 mg FX006 significantly improved gait scores through all three reactivations. TCA IR at 0.06 mg (providing comparable plasma TCA exposure, 10-fold higher Cmax) demonstrated comparable benefit through the first reactivation only and reduced-to-no efficacy thereafter. Significantly improved histological joint scores were observed with effective doses of FX006 but not with TCA IR. Corticosterone levels were initially decreased following both TCA IR and FX006 treatment, but recovered by Day 14. CONCLUSIONS In localized, repeated synovitis in rats, sustained release of TCA following a single IA injection of FX006 significantly prolonged analgesia relative to TCA IR and significantly improved histological scores with no adverse effect on the HPA axis. Since synovitis can contribute to the pathophysiology of multiple joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), RA and gout, FX006 may be an important treatment option for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Flexion Therapeutics, Inc., Burlington, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - N Bodick
- Flexion Therapeutics, Inc., Burlington, MA, USA.
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10
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Patel R, Filer A, Barone F, Buckley CD. Stroma: fertile soil for inflammation. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2014; 28:565-76. [PMID: 25481550 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological therapies for the management of immune mediated inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis have proven to be extremely successful in recent years. Despite these successes, even the most effective of therapies do not lead to cure. Why chronic inflammation persists indefinitely within the rheumatoid synovium despite an absence of continuous stimulation, and why some patients with early synovitis progress to persistent disease whilst others do not, has remained unexplained. In contrast to the paradigm that stromal cells are biochemically active but immunologically passive, there is now growing evidence that stromal components from the rheumatoid synovium play a crucial part in the immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis. Stromal cells play a central role in the transformation of an acute, resolving to a chronic inflammatory process, and to the persistence of synovial inflammation and joint destruction through a variety of immune mechanisms. Therapeutic manipulation of the stroma is a largely unexplored, yet potentially vital area of research. Targeting pathogenic stromal cells has the potential to provide a cure for chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikesh Patel
- Rheumatology Research Group, Center for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Center for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Francesca Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Center for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Center for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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11
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Kunisch E, Kinne RW, Alsalameh RJ, Alsalameh S. Pro-inflammatory IL-1beta and/or TNF-alpha up-regulate matrix metalloproteases-1 and -3 mRNA in chondrocyte subpopulations potentially pathogenic in osteoarthritis:in situhybridization studies on a single cell level. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 19:557-66. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Kunisch
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit; Department of Orthopedics; Jena University Hospital; Jena Germany
| | - Raimund W. Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit; Department of Orthopedics; Jena University Hospital; Jena Germany
| | - Rayya J. Alsalameh
- Arthritis Research Unit; Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine; The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); La Jolla California USA
| | - Saifeddin Alsalameh
- Department of Medicine 3; University Hospital Erlangen; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
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12
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Oriss TB, Krishnamoorthy N, Raundhal M, Morse C, Chakraborty K, Khare A, Huff R, Ray P, Ray A. Cutting Edge: MMP-9 inhibits IL-23p19 expression in dendritic cells by targeting membrane stem cell factor affecting lung IL-17 response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5471-5475. [PMID: 24829419 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that c-kit ligation by membrane-bound stem cell factor (mSCF) boosts IL-6 production in dendritic cells (DCs) and a Th17-immune response. However, Th17 establishment also requires heterodimeric IL-23, but the mechanisms that regulate IL-23 gene expression in DCs are not fully understood. We show that IL-23p19 gene expression in lung DCs is dependent on mSCF, which is regulated by the metalloproteinase MMP-9. Th1-inducing conditions enhanced MMP-9 activity, causing cleavage of mSCF, whereas the opposite was true for Th17-promoting conditions. In MMP-9(-/-) mice, a Th1-inducing condition could maintain mSCF and enhance IL-23p19 in DCs, promoting IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells in the lung. Conversely, mSCF cleavage from bone marrow DCs in vitro by rMMP-9 led to reduced IL-23p19 expression under Th17-inducing conditions, with dampening of intracellular AKT phosphorylation. Collectively, these results show that the c-kit/mSCF/MMP-9 axis regulates IL-23 gene expression in DCs to control IL-17 production in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Oriss
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Mahesh Raundhal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Christina Morse
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Anupriya Khare
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Rachael Huff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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13
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Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 is preferentially expressed in Th1 and Th17 T-helper cell subsets and is a direct STAT target gene. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59367. [PMID: 23555662 PMCID: PMC3608653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells differentiate into distinct effector subsets that are critical for host defense, but are also implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Thelper17 (Th17) cells in particular are emerging as important drivers of multiple diseases including psoriasis, spondyloarthropathy and multiple sclerosis. To gain insight into the function of Th17 cells, we performed transcriptional profiling in hopes of elucidating products not previously recognized as being functionally relevant in these T cells. Herein, we demonstrate that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), a secreted protein with pleiotropic effects on cellular growth, survival and integrity of the extracellular matrix, is preferentially produced by Th17 and Th1 cells. We further show that Th1 and Th17 cell TIMP1 regulation follows separate mechanisms with a requirement for STAT4 in the former and STAT3 in the latter. Finally, we demonstrate that when restricted to T cells, expression of TIMP1 promotes neuropathology in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
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14
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Niedermeier M, Pap T, Korb A. Therapeutic opportunities in fibroblasts in inflammatory arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010; 24:527-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Brama PAJ, van den Boom R, DeGroott J, Kiers GH, van Weeren PR. Collagenase-1 (MMP-1) activity in equine synovial fluid: influence of age, joint pathology, exercise and repeated arthrocentesis. Equine Vet J 2010; 36:34-40. [PMID: 14756369 DOI: 10.2746/0425164044864705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are considered candidate biomarkers for both physiological and pathological tissue remodelling because of their key role in articular cartilage homeostasis. As disruption of the collagenous architecture is thought to be pivotal in chronic degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), the collagenases form an interesting subset of the MMPs. The significance of any biomarker in synovial fluid (SF) can be assessed properly only when fluctuations in patterns induced by physiological processes such as development and growth, and by external influences and interventions such as exercise and repeated arthrocentesis, are known and taken into account. OBJECTIVES To investigate the activity of MMP-1 in equine SF at different stages of development and in joints affected by OA, and the influence of exercise and repeated arthrocentesis thereon. METHODS MMP-1 activity was determined in SF of normal joints of fetal, juvenile and mature horses, and in SF of horses suffering from OA, using an internally quenched fluorogenic peptide substrate. MMP-1 activity was also measured in SF from horses subjected to an exercise regimen and those subjected to repeated arthrocentesis. RESULTS An age-related decline in the SF levels of active MMP-1 was observed. MMP-1 activity was 15-fold higher in fetal than in juvenile animals, which showed significantly higher MMP-1 activity levels than mature horses. In SF of OA joints, MMP-1 activity was increased. Exercise did not affect MMP-1 activity in SF, but repeated arthrocentesis (within 60 h) increased MMP-1 activity significantly. CONCLUSIONS The high MMP-1 activity in SF of young individuals parallels the high metabolic activity occurring during rapid growth and differentiation at early age. The elevated MMP-1 activity in SF of OA joints probably reflects pathological matrix degradation, confirming the potential of MMP-1 to serve as a biochemical marker for early joint disease. Moderate exercise is not likely to influence the outcome of MMP-1 activity measurements in equine SF, but arthrocentesis should be taken into account as a possible confounding factor. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Given the crucial role of the collagen matrix for tissue integrity, MMP-1 activity may be a useful tool in diagnostic, therapeutic or prognostic studies in horses suspected of OA. However, care should be taken to exclude fluctuations in MMP-1 activity induced by physiological processes such as development and growth, and by interventions such as repeated arthrocentesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A J Brama
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Takagi M. Neutral proteinases and their inhibitors in the loosening of total hip prostheses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/17453679609155232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Murphy
- Cell & Molecular Biology Department, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts', Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 4RN, UK, +44-1223 243231, +44-1223 411609
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18
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Measurement of activity of collagenolytic MMP and inhibitors of MMPs using radiolabeled collagen substrate. Nat Protoc 2009; 4:286-90. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2008.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Cheng XC, Fang H, Xu WF. Advances in assays of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:154-67. [PMID: 18343899 DOI: 10.1080/14756360701511292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. To assay the activities of MMPs is important in diagnosis and therapy of the MMPs associated diseases, such as neoplastic, rheumatic and cardiovascular diseases. Several assay systems have been developed, which include bioassay, zymography assay, immunoassay, fluorimetric assay, radio isotopic assay, phage-displayed assay, multiple-enzyme/multiple-reagent assay and activity-based profiling assay. The principle, application, advantage and disadvantage of these assays have been reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Chao Cheng
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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20
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Nemec P, Pavkova-Goldbergova M, Gatterova J, Vasku A, Soucek M. Association of the 5A/6A promoter polymorphism of the MMP-3 gene with the radiographic progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1110:166-76. [PMID: 17911432 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1423.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases have been involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In RA patients synovial fluid and serum include enhanced levels of MMP-3. The 5A/6A polymorphism in the MMP-3 gene promoter can contribute to the severity of RA on account of a higher promoter activity of the 5A allele in vitro. The aim of the study was to associate the 5A/6A polymorphism of the MMP-3 gene with radiographic progression of RA. A total of 128 RA patients according to the ACR criteria were available for the study. Radiographs of both hands, obtained from all RA patients, were scored using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde method and the Steinbrocker method. The total Sharp score (TSS) and the annual radiographic progression rate (TSS/year) were calculated. Significant association with the 5A/6A polymorphism was found between patients with TSS/year <or= 1.00 and those with TSS/year > 1.00 in allelic frequencies (Pa = 0.046) and also in genotype distribution (Pg = 0.04). Compared to other genotypes the prevalence of 5A/5A genotype was lower within patients with TSS/year <or= 1.00 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.85; P = 0.01). Also, in comparison to genotypes 5A/6A and 5A/5A, the prevalence of 6A/6A genotype was higher within patients with nonerosive RA (OR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.03-6.83, P = 0.02). Results obtained in this study provide the evidence of an association of the 5A/6A promoter polymorphism of the MMP-3 gene to the radiographic progression of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Nemec
- Rheumatology Division, Second Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekavská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Davidson RK, Waters JG, Kevorkian L, Darrah C, Cooper A, Donell ST, Clark IM. Expression profiling of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in synovium and cartilage. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 8:R124. [PMID: 16859525 PMCID: PMC1779413 DOI: 10.1186/ar2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis (OA) is thought to be mediated by two main enzyme families; the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are responsible for cartilage collagen breakdown, whereas enzymes from the 'a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin motifs' (ADAMTS) family mediate cartilage aggrecan loss. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate the activity of these enzymes. Although cartilage destruction in OA might be driven by the chondrocyte, low-grade synovitis is reported in patients with all grades of this disease. Our earlier work profiling these gene families in cartilage identified a number of genes that are regulated in OA, which are hence implicated in the disease process. Because the synovium might contribute to cartilage-matrix destruction in OA, we have extended the screening in the current study. We have profiled MMP, ADAMTS and TIMP genes in both cartilage and synovium from patients with either OA of the hip or a fracture to the neck of femur (NOF), giving a more complete picture of proteolysis in this disease. The four most significantly upregulated genes (P < 0.0001) in OA synovium compared to the fractured NOF are MMP28, ADAMTS16, ADAMTS17 and TIMP2. For MMP9, MMP10, MMP12, MMP17, MMP23, MMP28, ADAMTS4, and ADAMTS9, there is a significant correlation between expression levels in the synovium and cartilage, suggesting similar mechanisms of regulation. Additionally, we have shown that in cartilage the median level of steady-state mRNA for MMP13 is approximately 20-fold higher than MMP28 and approximately 1,500-fold higher than ADAMTS16, with expression of this latter gene approximately 150-fold higher in synovium than cartilage. This study is the most comprehensive analysis of the metzincin family of proteinases in the joint to date and has identified several proteinase genes not previously reported to be expressed or regulated in synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose K Davidson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jasmine G Waters
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Lara Kevorkian
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Clare Darrah
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Adele Cooper
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Simon T Donell
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Ian M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Adriaansen J, Kuhlman RR, van Holten J, Kaynor C, Vervoordeldonk MJBM, Tak PP. Intraarticular interferon-beta gene therapy ameliorates adjuvant arthritis in rats. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 17:985-96. [PMID: 16984225 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-beta has significant immunomodulatory properties and has received much interest as a potentially therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Systemic IFN-beta treatment of patients with RA was not effective, probably because of pharmacokinetic issues. Therefore, we studied the effect of local IFN-beta production by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to the ankle joints of arthritic rats. Adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats was used as a model to study intraarticular gene therapy with an adenoviral vector encoding the rat IFN-beta gene (Ad.IFN-beta). The effect on paw swelling was measured by water displacement plethysmometry. Synovial tissue of the hind paws was examined by immunohistochemistry. Bone destruction was analyzed on the basis of radiographs. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess IFN-beta expression. Levels of IFN-beta mRNA and protein peaked 2 days after intraarticular injection and declined thereafter. Local delivery of Ad.IFN-beta after the onset of disease reduced paw swelling significantly. This was accompanied by a reduction in synovial inflammation. The clinical effects in rat AA lasted up to 9 days. Strikingly, Ad.IFN-beta treatment protected bone from erosion, reduced levels of c-Cbl and Cbl-b (both signaling molecules essential for osteoclast activity), and reduced the matrix metalloproteinase-3:tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ratio in the joint. Immunohistochemical analysis of the synovial tissue revealed a clear shift toward a more antiinflammatory cytokine profile. Local overexpression of IFN-beta inhibits arthritis progression and protects against bone destruction in rat AA. These findings validate IFN-beta as a therapeutic molecule for intraarticular gene therapy of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adriaansen
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Adriaansen J, Kuhlman R, Holten JV, Kaynor C, Vervoordeldonk M, Tak P. Intraarticular Interferon- ?Gene Therapy Ameliorates Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Catterall JB, Rowan AD, Sarsfield S, Saklatvala J, Wait R, Cawston TE. Development of a novel 2D proteomics approach for the identification of proteins secreted by primary chondrocytes after stimulation by IL-1 and oncostatin M. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45:1101-9. [PMID: 16567360 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a proteomics approach to study changes in the secreted protein levels of primary human chondrocytes after stimulation by the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 and oncostatin M. METHODS Using both the primary human articular and bovine nasal chondrocyte-conditioned mediums, methods were investigated to enable the separation of proteins by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. Differentially regulated proteins were identified using tandem electrospray mass spectrometery. RESULTS We discovered that proteoglycans and glycosylaminoglycans (GAGs) secreted by chondrocytes significantly interfered with 2D gel focusing. Several different methods for GAG removal were attempted including enzymic digestion, cetyl pyridinium chloride precipitation and anion exchange in high salt. The anion exchange proved to be the most effective. Even from these initial gels, we were able to identify eight proteins produced by human chondrocytes: matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, YKL40, cyclophilin A, beta2-microglobulin, transthyretin, S100A11, peroxidine 1 and cofilin. MMP-1, MMP-3, YKL40 and cyclophilin A were all identified as processed, smaller peptide fragments. CONCLUSIONS We were able to develop a novel sample preparation protocol to allow the reproducible sample preparation of secreted proteins from human chondrocytes. From the initial data, we were able to show that at least some of the proteins produced were cleaved to smaller fragments as a result of proteolysis. Therefore, this technique provides valuable information about protein processing which gene-based arrays do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Catterall
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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25
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Shingleton WD, Jones D, Xu X, Cawston TE, Rowan AD. Retinoic acid and oncostatin M combine to promote cartilage degradation via matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in bovine but not human chondrocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45:958-65. [PMID: 16467367 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Retinoic acid (RetA) and oncostatin M (OSM) have both been shown to mediate potent effects with respect to extracellular matrix integrity. This study assesses the effects of a RetA + OSM combination on cartilage catabolism. METHODS Animal and human cartilage samples were used to assess the ability of RetA + OSM to promote the release of collagen and proteoglycan fragments, which was determined by measuring glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline, respectively. Total collagenolytic and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) inhibitory activities were determined by bioassay, whilst gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and TIMP-1 were determined by northern blotting. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the presence of MMP-1 and -13 in resorbing cartilage explants. RESULTS Both agents alone induced proteoglycan release from bovine cartilage, whilst RetA-induced collagen release was variable. Reproducible and synergistic collagenolysis was observed with RetA + OSM, which appeared to be due to MMP-13. Similar collagen release was observed from porcine cartilage. Conversely, no collagen release was seen with human articular cartilage. In primary human chondrocytes, RetA + OSM failed to induce MMP-1 or -13 but caused a significant increase in TIMP-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS These novel observations show that the combination of RetA + OSM has profound effects on cartilage matrix turnover, but these effects are species-specific. A better understanding of the mechanism by which this combination differentially regulates MMP and TIMP expression in human chondrocytes could provide valuable insight into new therapeutic strategies aimed at the prevention of cartilage destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Shingleton
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Pap T, Meinecke I, Müller-Ladner U, Gay S. Are fibroblasts involved in joint destruction? Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64 Suppl 4:iv52-4. [PMID: 16239388 PMCID: PMC1766917 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.042424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Pap
- Division of Molecular Medicine of Musculoskeletal Tissue, Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital of Munster, D-48419 Munster, Germany.
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Andereya S, Streich N, Schmidt-Rohlfing B, Mumme T, Müller-Rath R, Schneider U. Comparison of modern marker proteins in serum and synovial fluid in patients with advanced osteoarthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2005; 26:432-8. [PMID: 16001180 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-005-0006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the significance of modern marker proteins in the synovial fluid of the knee joint and in the serum both, for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The relationship between the serum concentrations and the concentrations in the synovial fluid is still unclear. Synovial fluid and serum samples were obtained from 13 patients with advanced OA and from 8 patients with severe RA and concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, TIMP-1, COMP and MIA/CD-RAP were determined. All values were normalized against the total protein concentrations. Serum concentrations of MMP-13 in the RA-group were statistically higher than the synovial values (P<0.05). MMP-13 was the only marker protein that revealed distinct higher levels in the serum than in the synovial fluid. The study design allows only conclusions about advanced stages of RA and OA. Longitudinal investigations may provide further information about the value of MMP-13 as a potential marker to monitor the course of RA and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Andereya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Kakegawa H, Matano Y, Inubushi T, Katunuma N. Significant accumulations of cathepsin B and prolylendopeptidase in inflammatory focus of delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 316:78-84. [PMID: 15003514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To clarify what kinds of proteinases are secreted into the foci of allergic-inflammation involving delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, we examined the characteristic releases of various proteinases into the foci of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuber.)-induced delayed-type allergic-inflammation in mice. The significant activities of cathepsin B and prolylendopeptidase were observed in the washing-fluids of subcutaneous inflammatory foci of M. tuber.-induced delayed-type allergic-inflammation, but not M. tuber.-induced acute-inflammation. The SDS-resistant complex of cathepsin B and a protein substrate with apparent molecular mass of 74 kDa was observed by Western blot analysis. On the other hand, no significant accumulations of other proteinases, such as matrix metalloproteinases, cathepsin D, and serine proteinases, were determined. CA-074, a specific inhibitor of cathepsin B, suppressed both swelling and cathepsin B activity in the footpad having M. tuber.-induced delayed-type allergic-inflammation in vivo. These results suggest that cathepsin B may play an important role in the formation of M. tuber.-induced delayed-type allergic-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Kakegawa
- Department of Materials Systems Engineering, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0396, Japan
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Vandooren B, Kruithof E, Yu DTY, Rihl M, Gu J, De Rycke L, Van Den Bosch F, Veys EM, De Keyser F, Baeten D. Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in peripheral synovitis and down-regulation by tumor necrosis factor ? blockade in spondylarthropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:2942-53. [PMID: 15457463 DOI: 10.1002/art.20477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in spondylarthropathy (SpA) synovitis. METHODS Paired samples of synovial biopsy tissue as well as serum and synovial fluid (SF) from 41 patients with SpA and 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and serum samples from 20 healthy controls were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of MMPs 1, 2, 3, and 9 and TIMPs 1 and 2. In addition, sera from 16 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and peripheral synovitis and 17 patients with AS and exclusively axial involvement were analyzed. An additional cohort of SpA patients was analyzed at baseline and after 12 weeks of infliximab treatment. RESULTS Staining for MMPs and TIMPs showed a cellular and interstitial pattern in the synovial lining and sublining layers that was similar between the RA and SpA patients. Involvement of MMPs and TIMPs in SpA synovitis was suggested by the correlation with cellular infiltration, vascularization, and cartilage degradation. Higher serum levels of MMPs 3 and 9 were revealed in SpA and RA patients as compared with healthy controls. Production of MMP-3, but not MMP-9, in the serum reflected the presence of peripheral synovitis, as indicated by 1) the correlation between serum levels, SF levels (which were 1,000-fold higher than the serum levels), and synovial expression of MMP-3, 2) the increased levels of MMP-3 in AS patients with peripheral disease and not exclusively axial involvement, and 3) the correlation of serum and SF MMP-3 with parameters of synovial, but not systemic, inflammation. The modulation of the MMP/TIMP system by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) blockade was confirmed by the down-regulation of all MMPs and TIMPs in the synovium and a pronounced and rapid decrease of serum MMP-3. CONCLUSION MMPs and TIMPs are highly expressed in SpA synovitis and mirror both the inflammatory and tissue-remodeling aspects of the local disease process. Serum MMP-3, originating from the inflamed joint, represents a valuable biomarker for peripheral synovitis. Modulation of the MMP/TIMP system by infliximab could contribute to the antiinflammatory and tissue-remodeling effects of TNFalpha blockade in SpA.
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Kevorkian L, Young DA, Darrah C, Donell ST, Shepstone L, Porter S, Brockbank SMV, Edwards DR, Parker AE, Clark IM. Expression profiling of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in cartilage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:131-41. [PMID: 14730609 DOI: 10.1002/art.11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To profile the expression of all known members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), ADAMTS, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) gene families in normal cartilage and cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Human cartilage was obtained from femoral heads at joint replacement for OA or following fracture to the femoral neck. Total RNA was purified, and gene expression was assayed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Several members of the above gene families were regulated in OA. Genes that showed increased expression in OA were MMP13, MMP28, and ADAMTS16 (all at P < 0.001), MMP9, MMP16, ADAMTS2, and ADAMTS14 (all at P < 0.01), and MMP2, TIMP3, and ADAMTS12 (all at P < 0.05). Genes with decreased expression in OA were MMP1, MMP3, and ADAMTS1 (all at P < 0.001), MMP10, TIMP1, and ADAMTS9 (all at P < 0.01), and TIMP4, ADAMTS5, and ADAMTS15 (all at P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that groups of genes across the gene families were coexpressed in cartilage. CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive expression profile of all known MMP, ADAMTS, and TIMP genes in cartilage. Elucidation of patterns of expression provides a foundation with which to understand mechanisms of gene regulation in OA and potentially to refine the specificity of antiproteolytic therapies.
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Walling HW, Raggatt LJ, Irvine DW, Barmina OY, Toledano JE, Goldring MB, Hruska KA, Adkisson HD, Burdge RE, Gatt CJ, Harwood DA, Partridge NC. Impairment of the collagenase-3 endocytotic receptor system in cells from patients with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003; 11:854-63. [PMID: 14629961 DOI: 10.1016/s1063-4584(03)00170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Collagenase-3, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-13) that can degrade collagen II and aggrecan, is produced by osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes and may contribute to matrix destruction in this disease. Our laboratory has previously identified a specific endocytotic receptor for collagenase-3 on osteoblastic and fibroblastic cells, which couples with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1) to mediate the internalization and degradation of this enzyme. We hypothesized that the activity of this receptor system is reduced in OA chondrocytes which may lead to increased local extracellular levels of collagenase-3 and increased destruction of the cartilage matrix at pericellular sites. METHODS Human chondrocytes and synoviocytes were obtained from OA knees at the time of joint replacement surgery and from non-arthritic control specimens following autopsy or surgery. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was used to measure collagenase-3 secreted from primary cultures. Iodinated collagenase-3 was used to analyze the cell-surface binding, internalization and intracellular degradation of collagenase-3. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm chondrocyte phenotype and the expression of collagenase-3 and LRP1 mRNAs. RESULTS OA chondrocytes and synoviocytes demonstrated significantly reduced (75-77%) binding of recombinant 125I collagenase-3. Internalization and degradation of the ligand was also significantly reduced (64-72%) in OA cells. Collagenase-3 removal was inhibited by the LRP1 receptor-associated protein (RAP). CONCLUSION These results suggest a mechanism whereby impaired receptor-mediated removal of collagenase-3 in OA chondrocytes may lead to enhanced local degradation of the cartilage matrix. This work also implicates an LRP family member in endocytotic receptor-mediated collagenase-3 processing and suggests a novel therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Walling
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Fraser A, Fearon U, Billinghurst RC, Ionescu M, Reece R, Barwick T, Emery P, Poole AR, Veale DJ. Turnover of type II collagen and aggrecan in cartilage matrix at the onset of inflammatory arthritis in humans: Relationship to mediators of systemic and local inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 48:3085-95. [PMID: 14613270 DOI: 10.1002/art.11331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine in vivo the extent of damage to, and changes in turnover of, articular cartilage type II collagen (CII) and the proteoglycan aggrecan following the onset of inflammatory arthritis in humans, and to examine the hypothesis that there are direct relationships between cartilage biomarkers of damage/turnover and clinical, histologic, and molecular markers of inflammation. METHODS Synovial fluid (SF) and synovial membrane (SM) were obtained by arthroscopy, and a synovitis score was determined, in 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (13 with early untreated disease, 19 with established disease), 18 with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and 10 with osteoarthritis (OA). Systemic disease activity markers were recorded, and SM CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, and lining layer hyperplasia were quantified. SF levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-10 (IL-10), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, Col2-3/4C(Long mono) neoepitope (C2C) (reflecting collagenase cleavage of cartilage CII), C-propeptide of type II procollagen (PIICP) (a biosynthesis marker), keratan sulfate (KS), and the 846 epitope of aggrecan (turnover) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Levels of cartilage degradation products in early RA or early PsA were not elevated above levels in OA, although in early inflammatory arthritis, TNFalpha and MMP-1 levels were similar to those observed in late inflammatory disease and higher than those in OA. PIICP was reduced in early RA. Correlations were observed between the SF C2C neoepitope level and the Health Assessment Questionnaire score, C-reactive protein level, plasma viscosity, synovitis score, and SF TNFalpha and MMP-1 levels. KS epitope content was reduced in direct relation to SM macrophage infiltration in the sublining and lining layers and in the presence of elevated SF MMP-3. Both SF MMP-1 and SF MMP-3 levels correlated with CD4+ T cell infiltration and lining layer hyperplasia in the SM, and MMP-1 levels correlated with lining layer CD68 levels, but TNFalpha and IL-10 levels did not. CONCLUSION Except for CII synthesis, there were no significant changes in extracellular matrix turnover of aggrecan or CII in the early stages of human inflammatory arthritis. However, the direct correlation between the increases in TNFalpha and MMP-1 production and collagen degradation suggests that collagenase cleavage of cartilage collagen is related to the activities of TNFalpha and MMP-1. The reduction in CII synthesis in early RA may contribute to the developing pathology, since a lack of synthesis of this molecule would inhibit maintenance of cartilage matrix.
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Marini S, Fasciglione GF, Monteleone G, Maiotti M, Tarantino U, Coletta M. A correlation between knee cartilage degradation observed by arthroscopy and synovial proteinases activities. Clin Biochem 2003; 36:295-304. [PMID: 12810159 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(03)00029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A novel study has been carried out to characterize the amount and activity levels of metalloproteinases (i.e., MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13) and of their inhibitors (i.e., TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in synovial fluid from patients (n = 56) with different degrees of either chondral lesions or knee arthritis identified and classified by arthroscopy. DESIGN AND METHODS Zymographies, Western blotting and ELISA tests have been used to correlate the disease stage, as determined by arthroscopy, and both the amount and the activation state of different MMPs and of their inhibitors. RESULTS Analysis of data obtained demonstrates that the degree of cartilage degradation, as seen by arthroscopy, is strictly related to the activity of some synovial MMPs, in particular MMP-2 and MMP-13 and on reduced inhibitory effect of MMP-2 by TIMP-2; in addition, a serine protease weighing about 125 kDa appears only in patients with severe cartilage degradation, i.e., with knee arthritis. CONCLUSIONS On the whole, this is the first study in which an analysis of synovial MMPs/other proteinases activity and TIMPs has been strictly related to arthroscopy results in patients with different degrees of osteoarthritis. Results indicate that an imbalance between specific MMP activities and the amount of TIMPs and of its inhibitory efficiency is crucial for the disease evolution and it is related to the disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemistry Science, University of Rome TorVergata, Rome, Italy
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van Holten J, Plater-Zyberk C, Tak PP. Interferon-beta for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis? ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2002; 4:346-52. [PMID: 12453310 PMCID: PMC153843 DOI: 10.1186/ar598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2002] [Accepted: 08/27/2002] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
IFN-beta treatment is emerging as a potentially effective form of therapy in various immune-mediated conditions. The present review addresses the possible role of IFN-beta in immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Several placebo-controlled trials are discussed, as are the available immunological data that are relevant to this field. Review of these data provides evidence that IFN-beta has some beneficial therapeutic effect in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and might also have antirheumatic potential. This notion is supported by recent studies showing a critical role for IFN-beta in bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith van Holten
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Plater-Zyberk
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P Tak
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Choi HR, Kondo S, Hirose K, Ishiguro N, Hasegawa Y, Iwata H. Expression and enzymatic activity of MMP-2 during healing process of the acute supraspinatus tendon tear in rabbits. J Orthop Res 2002; 20:927-33. [PMID: 12382955 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-0266(02)00016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the spontaneous healing process of a surgically created supraspinatus tendon tear in rabbits with specific reference to the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and its time-course change in enzymatic activity along with the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). A transverse, full thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon was created and examined. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that MMP-2 positive cells were mainly localized at both cutting ends of the tendon, and reparative tissue encroached into the gap from the bursal side. The expression of TIMP-1 was induced in the cells at not only the tendon edges but also the reparative tissue during the healing process. TIMP-2 was constitutively expressed in both the tendon and the reparative tissue. Gelatin zymography using tissue culture media demonstrated latent and active forms of MMP-2 and characteristic time-linked changes of the enzymatic activity. Western blotting confirmed the bands as the latent form of MMP-2. These results suggest that MMP-2 is expressed and activated during the healing process of acute supraspinatus tendon tear and can play an important role in the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Rim Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Japan
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic multi-system disease of unknown aetiology. The current hypothesis is that an unknown antigen triggers an autoimmune response in a genetically susceptible individual. The predominant pathological change is that of an inflammatory synovitis, characterised by cellular infiltrates and angiogenesis, with subsequent bone and cartilage destruction. These pathological changes are as a result of the activation of a variety of cells, inflammatory mediators, and effector molecules. The pro-inflammatory kinins and cytokines appear to play a central role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Sufficient evidence exists that establishes a key role for the kallikrein-kinin cascade in inflamed joints. In addition, there appears to be an inter-relationship between cytokines and kinins in the inflammatory process. Kinins induce the release of cytokines, and cytokines have been shown to augment the effects of kinins. This may lead to an enhancement and perpetuation of the inflammatory process. In this review, we report a first study, correlating markers of disease with the kallikrein-kinin cascade and with cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilkish Cassim
- Department of Rheumatology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Natal, Private Bag 7, Congella 4013, South Africa
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Wang L, Almqvist KF, Veys EM, Verbruggen G. Control of extracellular matrix homeostasis of normal cartilage by a TGFbeta autocrine pathway. Validation of flow cytometry as a tool to study chondrocyte metabolism in vitro. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2002; 10:188-98. [PMID: 11869079 DOI: 10.1053/joca.2001.0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate flow cytometry as an experimental technique for the study of the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of human articular cartilage. METHODS Given the established insights in the relation between the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta type II Receptor (TGF-betaRII)/TGF-beta auto/paracrine pathway, the intracellular levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their natural inhibitors (TIMPs), and the accumulation of ECM molecules in the ECM of articular cartilage, this metabolic pathway was used as a reference model to fulfill the objective. Chondrocytes were liberated from visually intact femoral condyle cartilage and cultured in gelled agarose to maintain their differentiated phenotype. After 2 weeks of culture, the chondrocytes were isolated from the agarose and flow cytometry was used to analyse the expression of TGF-betaRII on the plasmamembrane, the expression of TGFbeta1, MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 inside the cells, as well as the amounts of aggrecan, type II collagen and hyaluronan in the cell-associated matrix (CAM). The expression of the different substances was analysed with flow cytometry and reported as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), which is due to the binding of FITC-labeled antibodies to their specific antigens. In addition, the effects of exogenous TGFbeta1 on the expression of these proteins was investigated on chondrocytes cultured in serum-free media. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was performed to evaluate the MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 and MMP-1/TIMP-1 complex in the culture medium collected after the last 3 days of the culture period. The correlations between the data were analysed with the Spearman's test. RESULTS Exogenous TGF-beta1 increased the accumulation of aggrecan and hyaluronan in the CAM of chondrocytes and down-regulated the intracellular levels of MMP-1 and -3. TIMP-1 and -3 were increased after exposure to TGF-beta1. Baseline expression of TGF-betaRII on the plasmamembrane of normal human articular chondrocytes significantly correlated with the intracellular levels of TGFbeta1, TIMP-1 and TIMP-3. TGFbeta1 was correlated with TIMP-1, TIMP-3 and MMP-1. Aggrecan in the CAM was inversely correlated with the ratio of MMP-1 to TIMPs. In addition, there were correlations between TIMP-1 and TIMP-3, aggrecan and hyaluronan. ELISA also revealed the correlation between MMP-1 and TIMP-1 secreted by the chondrocytes into the nutrient medium. MMP-1/TIMP-1 complex was hardly found in the medium. CONCLUSIONS Some aspects of ECM metabolism of normal cartilage were evaluated by flow cytometry. Chondrocytes from normal human cartilage, when cultured in gelled agarose, showed correlations between the expression of TGF-betaRII/TGF-beta1 and the intracellular levels of TIMPs, indicating that TGF-beta autocrine pathway may contribute to homeostasis of the ECM in the normal cartilage. The relations between MMPs, TIMPs and the ECM molecules support that a physiological balance between MMPs and TIMPs results in a well-controlled matrix turnover in normal cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Tomita T, Nakase T, Kaneko M, Shi K, Takahi K, Ochi T, Yoshikawa H. Expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer and enhancement of the production of matrix metalloproteinases in rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2002; 46:373-8. [PMID: 11840439 DOI: 10.1002/art.10050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) at sites of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to correlate it with the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). METHODS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to study the existence of EMMPRIN in synovial tissue derived from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. In situ hybridization with a human complementary DNA specific for EMMPRIN and immunohistochemistry were performed to characterize the EMMPRIN-expressing cells at sites of joint destruction, including bone. Northern blot analysis was performed to detect the level of expression of EMMPRIN messenger RNA (mRNA) in synovial tissue. The production of MMP-1 and MMP-3 by synovial tissue from RA patients was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Expression of EMMPRIN mRNA was detected in synovium from 9 of 11 patients with RA and 1 of 5 patients with OA. The presence of mRNA encoding EMMPRIN was recognized in the invasive synovium at sites of joint destruction in RA but not OA. Fibroblast-like synovial cells and granulocytes were demonstrated to express EMMPRIN mRNA. MMP-1 and MMP-3 production by synovial tissue was correlated with levels of expression of EMMPRIN mRNA, as detected by Northern blotting. CONCLUSION The expression of EMMPRIN stimulates the production of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in the synovial tissue of affected joints in RA. The results of this study suggest that EMMPRIN may be one of the important factors in progressive joint destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tomita
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Vincenti MP, Brinckerhoff CE. Transcriptional regulation of collagenase (MMP-1, MMP-13) genes in arthritis: integration of complex signaling pathways for the recruitment of gene-specific transcription factors. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2002; 4:157-64. [PMID: 12010565 PMCID: PMC128926 DOI: 10.1186/ar401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2001] [Revised: 11/02/2001] [Accepted: 11/09/2001] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13 are interstitial collagenases that degrade type II collagen in cartilage; this is a committed step in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Of these enzymes, the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13 is substantially increased in response to IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and elevated levels of these collagenases are observed in arthritic tissues. Therefore, cytokine-mediated MMP-1 and MMP-13 gene regulation is an important issue in arthritis research. In this review, we discuss current models of MMP-1 and MMP-13 transcriptional regulation, with a focus on signaling intermediates and transcription factors that may be future targets for the development of new arthritis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Vincenti
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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41
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DeGroot J, Verzijl N, Wenting-Van Wijk MJ, Bank RA, Lafeber FP, Bijlsma JW, TeKoppele JM. Age-related decrease in susceptibility of human articular cartilage to matrix metalloproteinase-mediated degradation: the role of advanced glycation end products. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:2562-71. [PMID: 11710713 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200111)44:11<2562::aid-art437>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progressive destruction of articular cartilage is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Age-related changes in cartilage may influence tissue destruction and thus progression of the disease. Therefore, the effect of age-related accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on cartilage susceptibility to proteolytic degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) present in synovial fluid (SF) of OA and RA patients was studied. METHODS Cartilage was incubated with APMA-activated SF obtained from OA or RA patients, and tissue degradation was assessed by colorimetric measurement of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release. Cartilage degradation was related to the level of AGEs in cartilage from donors of different ages (33-83 years) and in cartilage with in vitro-enhanced AGE levels (by incubation with ribose). MMP activity in SF was measured using a fluorogenic substrate. AGE levels were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography measurement of the glycation product pentosidine. RESULTS In cartilage from donors ages 33-83 years, a strong correlation was found between the age-related increase in pentosidine and the decrease in MMP-mediated tissue degradation (r = -0.74, P < 0.0005). Multiple regression analysis showed pentosidine to be the strongest predictor of the decreased GAG release (P < 0.0005); age did not contribute (P > 0.8). In addition, decreased MMP-mediated GAG release was proportional to increased pentosidine levels after in vitro enhancement of glycation (r = -0.27, P < 0.01). This was demonstrated for both OA and RA SF (for control versus glycated, P < 0.002 for all SF samples tested). CONCLUSION Increased cartilage AGEs resulted in decreased cartilage degradation by MMPs from SF, indicating that aged cartilage is less sensitive than young cartilage to MMP-mediated cartilage degradation, such as occurs in OA and RA. Therefore, the level of cartilage glycation may influence the progression of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J DeGroot
- Gaubius Laboratory, TNO Prevention and Health, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Elliott S, Cawston T. The clinical potential of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in the rheumatic disorders. Drugs Aging 2001; 18:87-99. [PMID: 11346130 DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200118020-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis are chronic diseases that result in cartilage degradation and loss of joint function. Currently available drugs are predominantly directed towards the control of pain and/or the inflammation associated with joint synovitis but they do little to reduce joint destruction. In the future, it will be important to have drugs that prevent the structural damage caused by bone and cartilage breakdown. In this review, we will outline the structure and function of cartilage and the key features of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes involved in joint destruction. We will present evidence for the role of MMPs in RA and osteoarthritis, and describe the potential of synthetic inhibitors to control MMP activity and so prevent joint destruction. MMPs are able to cleave all components of the cartilage matrix. Regulation of MMPs is aberrant in osteoarthritis and RA, and MMPs have been implicated in the collagen breakdown that contributes to joint destruction in these diseases. Synthetic MMP inhibitors have been developed. In animal models of osteoarthritis and/or RA, these agents have shown chondroprotective effects. However, results from clinical trials in RA have been equivocal, with some studies being terminated because of lack of efficacy or safety concerns. Nevertheless, this approach remains promising. Increased understanding of the structure, regulation and function of individual MMPs may lead to more effective strategies, and approaches aimed at multiple steps of the pathogenesis of arthritis may be needed to break the chronic cycle of joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elliott
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England
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Cunnane G, Fitzgerald O, Beeton C, Cawston TE, Bresnihan B. Early joint erosions and serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 1, matrix metalloproteinase 3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:2263-74. [PMID: 11665967 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200110)44:10<2263::aid-art389>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further evaluate the roles of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) in the pathogenesis of joint inflammation and articular erosions in early inflammatory arthritis. METHODS Untreated patients with joint symptoms for <2 years were evaluated at presentation and followed up prospectively for 18 months. Swollen joint count and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined every 6 months. Serum levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 were measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the same time intervals. The number of joint erosions in serial radiographs of the hands and feet was also recorded. Analysis of synovial fluid levels of MMPs and TIMP-1 at presentation was completed in some patients. RESULTS Of 175 patients evaluated at baseline, 85 had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 39 had seronegative spondylarthropathy, 38 had undifferentiated arthritis, and 13 had self-limiting arthritis. Of 164 patients with available radiographs of the hands and feet at presentation, 33 (20.1%) had joint erosions. Baseline levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 were significantly higher (P = 0.0001, P = 0.013, and P = 0.0001, respectively) and ratios of TIMP-1:MMP-1 and TIMP-1:MMP-3 were significantly lower (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.013, respectively) in RA versus non-RA patients. In RA patients, serum levels of CRP correlated with MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels, but not with MMP-1 levels. The number of erosions at presentation correlated with baseline levels of both MMP-1 and MMP-3, but not with levels of TIMP-1. One hundred one patients were followed up for the next 18 months. The number of patients with erosions and the number of erosions per patient increased significantly during this period. Area under the curve (AUC) measurements of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels, but not of MMP-3 levels, yielded significantly higher values in RA than in non-RA patients. In RA patients, only the AUC level of MMP-3 correlated with the AUC CRP level (r = 0.67, P = 0.0001), while only the AUC level of MMP-1 correlated with the number of new joint erosions (r = 0.28, P = 0.034). CONCLUSION These data suggest an uncoupling of the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with joint inflammation and articular erosion. Treatments that inhibit the production and activity of MMP-1 may preferentially limit the formation of new joint erosions and improve the long-term functional outcome of some patients with inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cunnane
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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44
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Catterall JB, Carrère S, Koshy PJ, Degnan BA, Shingleton WD, Brinckerhoff CE, Rutter J, Cawston TE, Rowan AD. Synergistic induction of matrix metalloproteinase 1 by interleukin-1alpha and oncostatin M in human chondrocytes involves signal transducer and activator of transcription and activator protein 1 transcription factors via a novel mechanism. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:2296-310. [PMID: 11665970 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200110)44:10<2296::aid-art392>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and oncostatin M (OSM) synergistic regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) in human chondrocytes. METHODS Using an immortalized human chondrocyte cell line (T/C28a4), we investigated regulation of the MMP-1 gene. Northern blotting and flow cytometric analysis were used to assess changes in receptor, MMP-1, and c-fos expression. Transient transfections using MMP-1 promoter/luciferase constructs, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and site-directed mutagenesis were used to investigate MMP-1 promoter activation. RESULTS We found no alteration in the expression of receptors used by these cytokines after stimulation with IL-1alpha/OSM. Using MMP-1 promoter/luciferase reporter constructs, we found that the proximal (-517/+63) region of the MMP-1 promoter was sufficient to support a synergistic activation. A role for activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT-3) was demonstrated, although no binding of STAT-3 to the MMP-1 promoter was found. However, constitutive binding of activator protein 1 (AP-1) was detected, and changes in c-fos expression could modulate promoter activity. CONCLUSION Since no changes in receptor expression were observed, receptor modulation cannot account for the IL-1alpha/OSM synergy observed. Instead, the interplay of various intracellular signaling pathways is a more likely explanation. STAT activation is required, but STAT proteins do not interact directly with the MMP-1 promoter. We propose that activated STATs stimulate c-fos expression, and changes in expression of the AP-1 components regulate MMP-1 expression. We highlight a new mechanism for MMP-1 regulation in human chondrocytes that could provide potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Catterall
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Milner JM, Elliott SF, Cawston TE. Activation of procollagenases is a key control point in cartilage collagen degradation: interaction of serine and metalloproteinase pathways. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:2084-96. [PMID: 11592371 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200109)44:9<2084::aid-art359>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bovine and human cartilages in explant culture respond to proinflammatory cytokines with the up-regulation of procollagenases. In stimulated bovine nasal cartilage (BNC), >90% of collagen is released by day 14 of culture, but collagen release is rarely seen before day 7. The aim of this study was to investigate if activation of procollagenases is a rate-limiting step in cartilage collagen breakdown. METHODS BNC and human articular cartilage explants were cultured with interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and/or oncostatin M (OSM) with or without test reagents. Collagen levels were determined by assay of hydroxyproline. Collagenase activity was measured using the diffuse fibril assay. RESULTS The addition of procollagenase activators, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), and APMA to IL-1alpha/OSM-stimulated BNC resulted in early release of collagen. The release with APMA was completely blocked by the addition of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1. This shows that procollagenases are present early in the culture period, but cartilage collagen breakdown does not happen until activation occurs. The addition of plasminogen to IL-1alpha/OSM-stimulated cartilage produced early collagen release in bovine and a significant increase in human cartilage. Thus, plasminogen activators (PAs) are present and convert plasminogen to plasmin, a known activator of several MMPs, including collagenases. Addition of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor or a urokinase-type PA inhibitor, 7-amino-4-chloro-3-(3-isothiureidopropoxy) isocoumarin, partially blocked the breakdown of collagen from IL-1alpha/OSM-treated bovine cartilage. This suggests that serine proteinases are involved in the activation cascades of procollagenases that result in cartilage collagen breakdown. CONCLUSION The activation of procollagenases is a key control point in cartilage collagen breakdown, and serine proteinase pathways activate MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Milner
- Department of Rheumatology, The Medical School, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, UK
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Cunnane G, FitzGerald O, Hummel KM, Youssef PP, Gay RE, Gay S, Bresnihan B. Synovial tissue protease gene expression and joint erosions in early rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:1744-53. [PMID: 11508424 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1744::aid-art309>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To relate the expression of proteases in the lining and sublining layers of the synovial membrane to the rate of joint damage during 1 year in patients with early inflammatory arthritis. METHODS Samples of synovial membrane were obtained by closed-needle biopsy or needle arthroscopy from inflamed knees of 20 patients with early inflammatory polyarthritis (mean disease duration 9.6 months, range 2 weeks to 18 months). Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), cathepsin B (CB), and cathepsin L (CL) was examined using in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify infiltrating mononuclear cell populations. Radiographs of the hands and feet, performed at presentation and after 1 year, were evaluated for the development of new erosions. RESULTS Twelve patients had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 6 had psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 1 had gout, and 1 had an undifferentiated arthritis. Six patients had erosions at presentation. Eleven patients (10 with RA, 1 with PsA) demonstrated at least 1 new erosion after 1 year of followup. MMP-1, CB, and CL messenger RNA (mRNA) were expressed in the synovial membrane of all patients and were present throughout the lining layer, as well as in perivascular cellular infiltrates and endothelial cells in the sublining layer. In the lining layer, the mean percentages of protease mRNA-positive cells per high-power field were higher in those patients who developed new joint erosions than in those without evidence of joint damage. A similar pattern was observed in the sublining layer, where mean numbers of protease mRNA-positive cells were also greater in patients with new joint erosions. There were significant differences between the two groups in MMP-1 mRNA expression in both the lining and sublining layers (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.0027, respectively), as well as in sublining layer CL mRNA expression (P = 0.017), but not in CB mRNA expression. Numbers of lining layer CD68+ cells correlated positively with lining layer MMP-1 mRNA expression (P = 0.043) and with the development of new joint erosions (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The detection of MMP-1, CB, and CL in the synovium soon after the onset of symptoms highlights the potential for early joint destruction in patients with RA. High levels of MMP-1 mRNA expression in the lining layer distinguished patients with more rapidly progressive erosive disease. This is the first study to demonstrate features of early synovial pathophysiology that may identify patients at increased risk of developing new joint erosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cunnane
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Yoshihara Y, Hamada K, Nakajima T, Fujikawa K, Fukuda H. Biochemical markers in the synovial fluid of glenohumeral joints from patients with rotator cuff tear. J Orthop Res 2001; 19:573-9. [PMID: 11518264 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-0266(00)00063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is known that rotator cuff tears are sometimes accompanied by joint destruction. Our purpose was to elucidate the pathology with this condition. Thirty-two synovial fluid (SF) samples aspirated from the glenohumeral joints of patients with rotator cuff tears, including 7 with partial-thickness and 25 with full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff (10 massive and 15 isolated supraspinatus tendon (SSp) tears), were examined. Collagenase (MMP-1), stromelysin 1 (MMP-3), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and carboxy-terminal type II procollagen peptide (pCOL Il-C) were measured in the SF using the respective sandwich enzyme immunoassays. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) was also quantified with a cationic dye binding method using 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue. Levels of any molecules except pCOL II-C in the SF appeared to be higher in full-thickness tears than those in partial-thickness tears. Moreover, levels of MMP-1, MMP-3 and GAG in the SF were significantly higher in massive tears of the rotator cuff in comparison with those in isolated SSp tears. Such significance was not observed in the levels of TIMP-1 or pCOL II C in the SF. We examined the relation of those levels with operative findings or clinical parameters from full-thickness tears, and observed significant correlations of the tear size with the levels of MMP-1, MMP-3 and GAG in the SF. Although these marker molecules in SF do not always originate from cartilage, our results may indicate the potential for accelerated cartilage-degrading activity in the glenohumeral joint in massive tears of the rotator cuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoshihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
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Chevalier X, Conrozier T, Gehrmann M, Claudepierre P, Mathieu P, Unger S, Vignon E. Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1) serum level may predict progression of hip osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2001; 9:300-7. [PMID: 11399093 DOI: 10.1053/joca.2000.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the predictive value of serum levels of TIMP-1 and hyaluronic acid in a 1 year prospective study in hip osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Twenty-nine patients with OA of the hip were enrolled in a 1-year prospective study (median follow-up, 13 months). Biochemical analysis was used to assess TIMP-1 and hyaluronic acid at entry and at the end of the study. Radiographic evaluation with an assisted computed program was performed to calculate progression of joint space narrowing. Statistical tests served to determine correlations between observed serum levels and radiograph joint space narrowing. RESULTS Among the 29 patients, 10 showed joint space narrowing greater than 0.6 mm per year. The initial concentration of TIMP-1 as well as delta value of variation in serum levels of TIMP-1 (difference between TIMP-1 concentration at entry and at the end) correlated with the progression of joint space narrowing. A cut-off value of 600 ng/ml of TIMP-1 allowed the patients who progressed slowly from those who progressed more rapidly. Hyaluronic acid serum level was not predictive of evolution. CONCLUSION TIMP-1 serum level may serve to predict the evolution of patients with hip OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Université de Paris XII, Creteil, France.
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Marique T, Wérenne J. Control of 92 kDa collagenase secretion in mammalian cells by modulation of AP-1 activity: an experimentally based theoretical study. J Theor Biol 2001; 209:3-8. [PMID: 11237566 DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.2000.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Collagenolytic enzymes control cell migration through connective tissues. They appear to be of crucial importance for angiogenesis, tumor metastasis or wound repair. A well-documented stimulation pathway of collagenase secretion, either by natural (cytokines) or synthetic (phorbol esters) molecules, acts through activation of the proto-oncogene activating protein 1 (AP-1). Interestingly, this nuclear factor enhances its own synthesis. It also modulates the activity of different genes, including the one coding for 92 kDa gelatinase. We developed a mathematical model to describe this pathway. It led us to conjecture the existence of an hysteresis cycle for PMA-stimulated collagenase secretion, which was experimentally demonstrated later in MDBK cells in culture. We also modified our model to simulate the behavior of tumoral cells expressing AP-1. In this case, the system becomes highly unstable and, once stimulated, cannot be brought back to rest. This approach paved the way for the understanding and the control of mammalian cell processes, connective tissue maintenance or metastasis dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Marique
- Biotechnologie des cellules animales CP 160 17, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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Cleaver CS, Rowan AD, Cawston TE. Interleukin 13 blocks the release of collagen from bovine nasal cartilage treated with proinflammatory cytokines. Ann Rheum Dis 2001; 60:150-7. [PMID: 11156549 PMCID: PMC1753472 DOI: 10.1136/ard.60.2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether interleukin 13 (IL13) could act in a chondroprotective manner and protect cartilage stimulated to resorb with a combination of IL1alpha and oncostatin M (OSM), in a similar way to the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL4. METHODS IL13 was added to explant cultures of bovine nasal cartilage stimulated to resorb with IL1alpha and OSM, and the release of collagen and proteoglycan determined. Collagenolytic and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) activities were determined by bioassay. Northern blot analyses were performed to determine the effects of IL13 on the induction of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, MMP-13, and TIMP-1 gene expression. RESULTS IL13 can prevent the release of collagen from bovine nasal cartilage in a dose dependent manner. This was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in measurable collagenolytic activity in the culture supernates and an increase in TIMP activity. Northern blot analysis showed that IL13 down regulated MMP-3 and MMP-13 levels but up regulated MMP-1 and TIMP-1 gene expression in bovine nasal chondrocytes at 24 hours. CONCLUSION This study showed for the first time that IL13 can block collagen release from resorbing cartilage in a similar manner to IL4. This is accompanied by a reduction in detectable collagenolytic activity, a decrease in MMP-3 and MMP-13 mRNA levels, and an up regulation of TIMP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Cleaver
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Clinical and Medical Sciences, 4th Floor Catherine Cookson Building, The Medical School, Framlington Place, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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